2. Mettasuttavaṇṇanā
22. Dutiye mā, bhikkhave, puññānanti ettha māti paṭisedhe nipāto. Puññasaddo “kusalānaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ samādānahetu evamidaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī”ti-ādīsu (dī. ni. 3.380) puññaphale āgato. “Avijjāgatoyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo puññañce saṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharotī”ti-ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 2.51) kāmarūpāvacarasucarite. “Puññūpagaṃ bhavati viññāṇan”ti-ādīsu sugativisesabhūte upapattibhave. “Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, puññakiriyavatthūni– dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthū”ti-ādīsu (itivu. 60; a. ni. 8.36) kusalacetanāyaṃ. Idha pana tebhūmakakusaladhamme veditabbo. Bhāyitthāti ettha duvidhaṃ bhayaṃ ñāṇabhayaṃ, sārajjabhayanti. Tattha “yepi te, bhikkhave, devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjantī”ti-ādīsu (a. ni. 4.33) āgataṃ ñāṇabhayaṃ. “Ahudeva bhayaṃ, ahu chambhitattaṃ, ahu lomahaṃso”ti-ādīsu (dī. ni. 2.318) āgataṃ sārajjabhayaṃ. Idhāpi sārajjabhayameva. Ayañhettha attho– bhikkhave, dīgharattaṃ kāyavacīsaṃyamo vattapaṭivattapūraṇaṃ ekāsanaṃ, ekaseyyaṃ, indriyadamo, dhutadhammehi cittassa niggaho, satisampajaññaṃ, kammaṭṭhānānuyogavasena vīriyārambhoti evamādīni yāni bhikkhunā, nirantaraṃ pavattetabbāni puññāni, tehi mā bhāyittha, mā bhayaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjittha, ekaccassa diṭṭhadhammasukhassa uparodhabhayena samparāyikanibbānasukhadāyakehi puññehi mā bhāyitthāti. Nissakke hi idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ. Idāni tato abhāyitabbabhāve kāraṇaṃ dassento “sukhassetan”ti-ādimāha. Tattha sukhasaddo “sukho buddhānaṃ uppādo, sukhā virāgatā loke”ti-ādīsu (dha. pa. 194) sukhamūle āgato. “Yasmā ca kho, mahāli, rūpaṃ sukhaṃ sukhānupatitaṃ sukhāvakkantan”ti-ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 3.60) sukhārammaṇe. “Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, na sukaraṃ akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva sukhā saggā”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 3.255) sukhapaccayaṭṭhāne. “Sukho puññassa uccayo”ti-ādīsu (dha. pa. 118) sukhahetumhi. “Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete dhammā”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.82) abyāpajje. “Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukhan”ti-ādīsu (dha. pa. 204; ma. ni. 2.215) nibbāne. “Sukhassa ca pahānā”ti-ādīsu (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 125) sukhavedanāyaṃ. “Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, sukhamicceva bhāsitan”ti-ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.253; itivu. 53) upekkhāvedanāyaṃ. “Dvepi mayā, ānanda, vedanā vuttā pariyāyena sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 2.89) iṭṭhasukhe. “Sukho vipāko puññānan”ti-ādīsu (peṭako. 23) sukhavipāke. Idhāpi iṭṭhavipāke eva daṭṭhabbo. Iṭṭhassāti-ādīsu esitabbato aniṭṭhapaṭikkhepato ca iṭṭhassa, kamanīyato manasmiñca kamanato pavisanato kantassa, piyāyitabbato santappanato ca piyassa, mānanīyato manassa pavaḍḍhanato ca manāpassāti attho veditabbo. Yadidaṃ puññānīti “puññānī”ti yadidaṃ vacanaṃ, etaṃ sukhassa iṭṭhassa vipākassa adhivacanaṃ nāmaṃ, sukhameva taṃ yadidaṃ puññanti phalena kāraṇassa abhedūpacāraṃ vadati. Tena katūpacitānaṃ puññānaṃ avassaṃbhāviphalaṃ sutvā appamattena sakkaccaṃ puññāni kātabbānīti puññakiriyāyaṃ niyojeti, ādarañca nesaṃ tattha uppādeti. Idāni attanā sunettakāle katena puññakammena dīgharattaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ bhavantarapaṭicchannaṃ uḷāratamaṃ puññavipākaṃ udāharitvā tamatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ karonto “abhijānāmi kho panāhan”ti-ādimāha. Tattha abhijānāmīti abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena jānāmi, paccakkhato bujjhāmi. Dīgharattanti cirakālaṃ. Puññānanti dānādikusaladhammānaṃ. Satta vassānīti satta saṃvaccharāni Mettacittanti mijjatīti mettā, siniyhatīti attho. Mitte bhavā, mittassa vā esā pavattītipi mettā. Lakkhaṇādito pana hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā, hitūpasaṃhārarasā, āghātavinayapaccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Byāpādūpasamo etissā sampatti, sinehāsambhavo vipatti. Sā etassa atthīti mettacittaṃ. Bhāvetvāti mettāsahagataṃ cittaṃ, cittasīsena samādhi vuttoti mettāsamādhiṃ mettābrahmavihāraṃ uppādetvā ceva vaḍḍhetvā ca. Satta saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappeti satta mahākappe. Saṃvaṭṭa-vivaṭṭaggahaṇeneva hi saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyi-vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyinopi gahitā. Imaṃ lokanti kāmalokaṃ. Saṃvaṭṭamāne sudanti saṃvaṭṭamāne. Sudanti nipātamattaṃ vinassamāneti attho. “Saṃvattamāne sudan”ti ca paṭhanti. Kappeti kāle. Kappasīsena hi kālo vutto. Kāle khīyamāne kappopi khīyateva. Yathāha–
“Kālo ghasati bhūtāni, sabbāneva sahattanā”ti. (Jā. 1.2.190).
“Ābhassarūpago homī”ti vuttattā tejosaṃvaṭṭavasenettha kappavuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Ābhassarūpagoti tattha paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena ābhassarabrahmalokaṃ upagacchāmīti ābhassarūpago homi. Vivaṭṭamāneti saṇṭhahamāne, jāyamāneti attho. Suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjāmīti kassaci sattassa tattha nibbattassa abhāvato suññaṃ, yaṃ paṭhamajjhānabhūmisaṅkhātaṃ brahmavimānaṃ ādito nibbattaṃ, taṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena upapajjāmi upemi. Brahmāti kāmāvacarasattehi seṭṭhaṭṭhena tathā tathā brūhitaguṇatāya brahmavihārato nibbattaṭṭhena ca brahmā. Brahmapārisajjabrahmapurohitehi mahanto brahmāti mahābrahmā. Tato eva te abhibhavitvā ṭhitattā abhibhū. Tehi kenaci guṇena na abhibhūtoti anabhibhūto. Aññadatthūti ekaṃsavacane nipāto. Dasoti dassanasīlo, so atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ dassanasamattho, abhiññāṇena passitabbaṃ passāmīti attho. Sesabrahmānaṃ iddhipādabhāvanābalena attano cittañca mama vase vattemīti vasavattī homīti yojetabbaṃ. Tadā kira bodhisatto aṭṭhasamāpattilābhīpi samāno tathā sattahitaṃ attano pāramiparipūraṇañca olokento tāsu eva dvīsu jhānabhūmīsu nikantiṃ uppādetvā mettābrahmavihāravasena aparāparaṃ saṃsari. Tena vuttaṃ “sattavassāni…pe… vasavattī”ti. Evaṃ bhagavā rūpāvacarapuññassa vipākamahantataṃ pakāsetvā idāni kāmāvacarapuññassāpi taṃ dassento “chattiṃsakkhattun”ti-ādimāha. Tattha sakko ahosinti chattiṃsa vāre aññattha anupapajjitvā nirantaraṃ sakko devānamindo tāvatiṃsadevarājā ahosi. Rājā ahosinti-ādīsu catūhi acchariyadhammehi catūhi ca saṅgahavatthūhi lokaṃ rañjetīti rājā. Cakkaratanaṃ vatteti, catūhi sampatticakkehi vattati, tehi ca paraṃ vatteti, parahitāya ca iriyāpathacakkānaṃ vatto etasmiṃ atthīti cakkavattī. Rājāti cettha sāmaññaṃ, cakkavattīti visesaṃ. Dhammena caratīti dhammiko. Ñāyena samena vattatīti attho. Dhammeneva rajjaṃ labhitvā rājā jātoti dhammarājā. Parahitadhammacaraṇena vā dhammiko, attahitadhammacaraṇena dhammarājā, caturantāya issaroti cāturanto, catusamuddantāya catubbidhadīpavibhūsitāya ca pathaviyā issaroti attho. Ajjhattaṃ kopādipaccatthike, bahiddhā ca sabbarājāno adaṇḍena asatthena vijesīti vijitāvī. Janapade thāvarabhāvaṃ dhuvabhāvaṃ patto, na sakkā kenaci tato cāletuṃ janapado vā tamhi thāvariyappatto anuyutto sakammanirato acalo asampavedhīti janapadatthāvariyappatto. Cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratananti imehi sattahi ratanehi samupetoti sattaratanasamannāgato. Tesu hi rājā cakkavatti cakkaratanena ajitaṃ jināti, hatthi-assaratanehi vijite sukheneva anuvicarati, pariṇāyakaratanena vijitamanurakkhati, sesehi upabhogasukhamanubhavati. Paṭhamena cassa ussāhasattiyogo pacchimena mantasattiyogo, hatthi-assagahapatiratanehi pabhūsattiyogo suparipuṇṇo hoti, itthimaṇiratanehi tividhasattiyogaphalaṃ. So itthimaṇiratanehi paribhogasukhamanubhavati, sesehi upabhogasukhaṃ. Visesato cassa purimāni tīṇi adosakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena sampajjanti, majjhimāni alobhakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena, pacchimamekaṃ amohakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvenāti veditabbaṃ padesarajjassāti khuddakarajjassa. Etadahosīti attano sampattiyo paccavekkhantassa pacchime cakkavattikāle etaṃ “kissa nu kho me idaṃ kammassa phalan”ti-ādikaṃ ahosi. Sabbatthakameva tasmiṃ tasmimpi bhave etadahosiyeva. Tatthāyaṃ cakkavattikālavasena yojanā. Evaṃmahiddhikoti maṇiratanahatthiratanādippamukhāya kosavāhanasampattiyā janapadatthāvariyappattiyā ca evaṃmahiddhiko. Evaṃmahānubhāvoti cakkaratanādisamannāgamena kassacipi pīḷaṃ akarontova sabbarājūhi sirasā sampaṭicchitasāsanavehāsagamanādīhi evaṃ mahānubhāvo. Dānassāti annādideyyadhammapariccāgassa. Damassāti cakkhādi-indriyadamanassa ceva samādhānavasena rāgādikilesadamanassa ca. Saṃyamassāti kāyavacīsaṃyamassa. Tattha yaṃ samādhānavasena kilesadamanaṃ, taṃ bhāvanāmayaṃ puññaṃ tañca kho mettābrahmavihārabhūtaṃ idhādhippetaṃ. Tasmiñca upacārappanābhedena duvidhe yaṃ appanāppattaṃ, tenassa yathāvuttāsu dvīsu jhānabhūmīsu upapatti ahosi. Itarena tividhenāpi yathārahaṃ pattacakkavatti-ādibhāvoti veditabbaṃ. Iti bhagavā attānaṃ kāyasakkhi katvā puññānaṃ vipākamahantataṃ pakāsetvā idāni tamevatthaṃ gāthābandhena dassento “puññamevā”ti-ādimāha. Tattha puññameva so sikkheyyāti yo atthakāmo kulaputto, so puññaphalanibbattanato, attano santānaṃ punanato ca “puññan”ti laddhanāmaṃ tividhaṃ kusalameva sikkheyya niveseyya upacineyya pasaveyyāti attho. Āyatagganti vipulaphalatāya uḷāraphalatāya āyataggaṃ, piyamanāpaphalatāya vā āyatiṃ uttamanti āyataggaṃ, āyena vā yonisomanasikārādippaccayena uḷāratamena agganti āyataggaṃ Takāro padasandhikaro. Atha vā āyena puññaphalena aggaṃ padhānanti āyataggaṃ. Tato eva sukhudrayaṃ sukhavipākanti attho. Katamaṃ pana taṃ puññaṃ, kathañca naṃ sikkheyyāti āha “dānañca samacariyañca, mettacittañca bhāvaye”ti. Tattha samacariyanti kāyavisamādīni vajjetvā kāyasamādicaritaṃ suvisuddhaṃ sīlanti attho. Bhāvayeti attano santāne uppādeyya vaḍḍheyya. Ete dhammeti ete dānādike sucaritadhamme. Sukhasamuddayeti sukhānisaṃse, ānisaṃsaphalampi nesaṃ sukhamevāti dasseti. Abyāpajjaṃ sukhaṃ lokanti kāmacchandādibyāpādavirahitattā abyāpajjaṃ niddukkhaṃ, parapīḷābhāve pana vattabbaṃ natthi. Jhānasamāpattivasena sukhabahulattā sukhaṃ, ekantasukhañca brahmalokaṃ jhānapuññānaṃ, itarapuññānaṃ pana tadaññaṃ sampattibhavasaṅkhātaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ paṇḍito sappañño upapajjati upeti. Iti imasmiṃ sutte gāthāsu ca vaṭṭasampatti eva kathitā.
Dutiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.