BuddhaSasana Home Page
A Buddhist Home Page by Binh Anson
Website: http://www.budsas.org/index.htm
Email: ansonb@iinet.net.au

Chanting files (MP3 format) associated with this book, are available for download:

• 01_dedication_of_offerings.mp3, file size: 2.4 Mb
• 02_preliminary_homage.mp3, file size: 600 Kb
• 03_recollection_of_the_buddha.mp3, file size: 750 Kb
• 04_recollection_of_the_dhamma.mp3, file size: 620 Kb
• 05_recollection_of_the_sangha.mp3, file size: 1.4 Mb
• 06_metta_sutta.mp3, file size: 3.5 Mb
• 07_three_refuges_and_five_precepts.mp3 , file size: 5.1 Mb

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1. DEDICATION OF OFFERINGS  

Yo so bhagavaa araha"m sammaasambuddho Svaakkhaato yena bhagavataa dhammo Supa.tipanno yassa bhagavato saavakasa"ngho Tammaya"m bhagavanta"m sadhamma"m sasa"ngha"m Imehi sakkaarehi yathaaraha"m aaropitehi abhipuujayaama Saadhu no bhante bhagavaa suciraparinibbutopi Pacchimaa-janataa-nukampamaanasaa Ime sakkaare duggata-pannaakaara-bhuute pa.tigga.nhaatu Amhaaka"m diigharatta"m hitaaya sukhaaya

To the Blessed One, the Lord who fully attained perfect enlightenment, To the Teaching which he expounded so well, And to the Blessed One's disciples, who have practised well, To these - the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha - We render with offerings our rightful homage. It is well for us, Blessed One, that having attained liberation, You still had compassion for later generations. Deign to accept these simple offerings For our long-lasting benefit and for the happiness it gives us.

Araha"m sammaasambuddho bhagavaa Buddha"m bhagavanta"m abhivaademi -(bow)- Svaakkhaato bhagavataa dhammo Dhamma"m namassaami -(bow)- Supatipanno bhagavato saavakasa"ngho Sa"ngha"m namaami -(bow)-

The Lord, the Perfectly Enlightened and Blessed One - I render homage to the Buddha, the Blessed One. -(bow)- The Teaching so completely explained by him - I bow to the Dhamma. -(bow)- The Blessed One's disciples who have practised well - I bow to to the Sangha. -(bow)-

 

2. PRELIMINARY HOMAGE  

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammaasambuddhassa -(three times)-	Homage to the Blessed, Noble and Perfectly Enlightened One.
a. RECOLLECTION OF THE BUDDHA
Itipi so bhagavaa araha"m sammaa-sambuddho Vijjaa-cara.na-sampanno sugato lokaviduu Anuttaro purisa-damma-saarathi satthaa deva-manussaana"m buddho bhagavaa Tamaha"m bhagavanta"m abhipuujayaami Tamaha"m bhagavanta"m sirasaa namaami -(bow)-	He, the Blessed One, is indeed the Noble Lord, the Perfectly Enlightened One; He is impeccable in conduct and understanding, the Serene One, the Knower of the Worlds; He trains perfectly those who wish to be trained; he is Teacher of gods and men; he is Awake and Holy. I chant my praise to the Blessed One, I bow my head to the Blessed One. -(bow)-
b. RECOLLECTION OF THE DHAMMA
Svaakkhaato bhagavataa dhammo Sandi.t.thiko akaaliko ehipassiko Opanayiko paccatta"m veditabbo vi~n~nuuhii Tamaha"m dhamma"m abhipuujayaami Tamaha"m dhamma"m sirasaa namaami -(bow)-	The Dhamma is well-expounded by the Blessed One, Apparent here and now, timeless, encouraging investigation, Leading to liberation, to be experienced individually by the wise. I chant my praise to this Teaching, I bow my head to this Truth. -(bow)-
c.RECOLLECTION OF THE SANGHA
Supa.tipanno bhagavato saavaka-sa"ngho Uju-pa.tipanno bhagavato saavaka-sa"ngho ~Naaya-pa.tipanno bhagavato saavaka-sa"ngho Saamiici-pa.tipanno bhagavato saavaka-sa"ngho Yadida"m cattaari purisa-yugaani a.t.tha purisa-puggalaa Esa bhagavato saavaka-sa"ngho Aahuneyyo paahuneyyo dakkhi.neyyo añjali-kara.niiyo Anuttara"m puññakkhetta"m lokassa Tamaha"m sa"ngha"m abhipuujayaami Tamaha"m sa"ngha"m sirasaa namaami -(bow)-	They are the Blessed One's disciples who have practised well, Who have practised directly, Who have practised insightfully, Those who are accomplished in the practice; That is the four pairs, the eight kinds of noble beings, These are the Blessed One's disciples. Such ones are worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect; They give occasion for incomparable goodness to arise in the world I chant my praise to this Sangha, I bow my head to this Sangha -(bow)-

 

3. METTA SUTTA - The Buddha's Words on Loving-Kindness

This is what should be done By one who is skilled in goodness, And who knows the path of peace: Let them be able and upright, Straightforward and gentle in speech. Humble and not conceited, Contented and easily satisfied. Unburdened with duties and frugal in their ways. Peaceful and calm, and wise and skillful, Not proud and demanding in nature. Let them not do the slightest thing That the wise would later reprove. Wishing: In gladness and in saftey, May all beings be at ease. Whatever living beings there may be; Whether they are weak or strong, omitting none, The great or the mighty, medium, short or small, The seen and the unseen, Those living near and far away, Those born and to-be-born, May all beings be at ease! Let none deceive another, Or despise any being in any state. Let none through anger or ill-will Wish harm upon another. Even as a mother protects with her life Her child, her only child, So with a boundless heart Should one cherish all living beings: Radiating kindness over the entire world Spreading upwards to the skies, And downwards to the depths; Outwards and unbounded, Freed from hatred and ill-will. Whether standing or walking, seated or lying down Free from drowsiness, One should sustain this recollection. This is said to be the sublime abiding. By not holding to fixed views, The pure-hearted one, having clarity of vision, Being freed from all sense desires, Is not born again into this world.

 

4. THE REFUGES AND PRECEPTS   

The "Going for Refuge" and taking the Precepts define a person as a practising Buddhist.

Going for Refuge gives a continual perspective on life by referring one's conduct and understanding to the qualities of Buddha (wisdom), Dhamma (truth) and Sangha (virtue). The Precepts are also for reflection and to define one's actions as a responsible human being.

There is a formal means of requesting the Refuges and Precepts from a bhikkhu, which is as follows:

After bowing three times, with hands joined in A~njali, recite the following:

Maya"m bhante, ti-sara.nena saha pa~nca siilaani yaacaama Dutiyampi maya"m bhante, ti-sara.nena saha pa~nca siilaani yaacaama Tatiyampi maya"m bhante, ti-sara.nena saha pa~nca siilaani yaacaama

We, Venerable Sir, request the three Refuges and the Five Precepts. For the second time, we, Venerable Sir, request the three Refuges and the Five Precepts. For the third time, we, Venerable Sir, request the three Refuges and the Five Precepts.

(Note: When requesting individually, change Maya"m to Aha"m, and Yaacaama to Yaacaami)

4.1 GOING TO THE THREE REFUGES

Repeat after the leader:

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammaasambuddhassa Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammaasambuddhassa Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammaasambuddhassa	Homage to the Blessed One, the Noble One, the Perfectly Enlightened One. Homage to the Blessed One, the Noble One, the Perfectly Enlightened One. Homage to the Blessed One, the Noble One, the Perfectly Enlightened One.
Buddha"m sara.na"m gacchaami Dhamma"m sara.na"m gacchaami Sa"ngha"m sara.na"m gacchaami Dutiyampi buddha"m sara.na"m gacchaami Dutiyampi dhamma"m sara.na"m gacchaami Dutiyampi sa"ngha"m sara.na"m gacchaami Tatiyampi buddha"m sara.na"m gacchaami Tatiyampi dhamma"m sara.na"m gacchaami Tatiyampi sa"ngha"m sara.na"m gacchaami	To the Buddha I go for refuge. To the Dhamma I go for refuge. To the Sangha I go for refuge. For the second time, to the Buddha I go for refuge. For the second time, to the Dhamma I go for refuge. For the second time, to the Sangha I go for refuge. For the third time, to the Buddha I go for refuge. For the third time, to the Dhamma 1 go for refuge. For the third time, to the Sangha I go for refuge.
Leader: Tisara.na-gamana"m ni.t.thita"m Response: -- Aama bhante	Leader: This completes the going to the Three Refuges. Response: -- Yes, Venerable Sir.

4.2 THE FIVE PRECEPTS

To undertake the precepts, repeat each precept after the leader:

1. Paa.naatipaataa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada"m samaadiyaami 2. Adinnaadaanaa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada"m samaadiyaami 3. Kaamesu micchaacaaraa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada"m samaadiyaami 4. Musaavaadaa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada"m samaadiyaami 5. Suraa-meraya-majja-pamaada.t.thaanaa verama.nii sikkhaa-pada"m samaadiyaami	1. I undertake the precept to refrain from destroying living creatures. 2. I undertake the precept to refrain from taking that which is not given. 3. I undertake the precept to refrain from sexual misconduct. 4. I undertake the precept to refrain from incorrect speech. 5. I undertake the precept to refrain from intoxicating liquors and drugs which lead to carelessness.
Leader: Imaani pañca sikkhaa-padaani Siilena sugati"m yanti Siilena bhoga-sampadaa Siilena nibbuti"m yanti Tasmaa siila"m visodhaye Response: -- Saadhu, saadhu, saadhu -(bow three times)-	Leader: These Five Precepts Have morality as a vehicle for happiness, Have morality as a vehicle for good fortune, Have morality as a vehicle for liberation. Let morality therefore be purified. Response: -- Well said, well said, well said! -(bow three times)-

 

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About Pali text and pronunciation:

(adopted from Access-to-Insight, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/misc/chanting/index.html )

In this transcription, Pali diacritical marks are represented using plain ASCII characters according to a convention widely used on the Internet by Pali students and scholars. Long vowels (those usually typeset with a bar above them) are doubled: aa ii uu . For consonants, the diacritic mark precedes the letter it affects. Thus, the retroflex (cerebral) consonants (usually typeset with a dot underneath) are: .r .t .th .d .dh .n .m .s .l . The guttural nasals (m or n with a dot above) are represented by "m and "n The palatal nasal is represented here as ~n .

Pronunciation

Paali is the original language of the Theravadin Buddhist scriptures, the closest we have to the dialect spoken by the Buddha himself. It has no written script of its own, and so every country that has adopted Theravada Buddhism has used its own script to transcribe it. In Thailand this has meant that Paali has picked up some of the tones of the Thai language, as each consonant and consonant cluster in the Thai alphabet has a built-in tone -- high, medium, low, rising, or falling. This accounts for the characteristic melody of Thai Paali chanting.

Vowels

Paali has two sorts of vowels, long -- aa, e, ii, o, uu, and ay; and short -- a, i, and u. Unlike long and shorts vowels in English, the length here refers to the actual amount of time used to pronounce the vowel, and not to its quality. Thus aa and a are both pronounced like the a in father, simply that the sound aa is held for approximately twice as long as the sound a. The same principle holds for ii and i, and for uu and u. Thus, when chanting Paali, the vowels are pronounced as follows:

a as in father
o as in go
e as in they
u as in glue
i as in machine
ay as in Aye!

Consonants

Consonants are generally pronounced as they are in English, with a few unexpected twists:

c as in ancient
p unaspirated, as in spot
k unaspirated, as in skin
ph as in upholstery
kh as in backhand
t unaspirated, as in stop
"m and "n as ng
th as in Thomas
~n as in canyon
v as w

Certain two-lettered notations -- bh, dh, .dh, gh, jh -- denote an aspirated sound, somewhat in the throat, that we do not have in English and that the Thais do not have in their language, either. The Thai solution to this problem is to pronounce bh as a throaty ph, dh as a throaty th, and gh as a throaty kh.

Paali also contains retroflex consonants, indicated with a dot under the letter: .d, .dh, .l, .n, .t, .th. These have no English equivalent. They are sounded by curling the tip of the tongue back against the palate, producing a distinct nasal tone.

The meters of Paali poetry consists of various patterns of full-length syllables alternating with half-length syllables.

Full-length syllables:

contain a long vowel (aa, e, ii, o, uu, ay); or
end with "m; or
end with a consonant followed by a syllable beginning with a consonant (e.g., Bud-dho, Dham-mo, Sa"n-gho).

In this last case, the consonant clusters mentioned above -- bh, dh, .dh, gh, jh, kh, ph, th, .th -- count as single consonants, while other combinations containing h -- such as lh and mh -- count as double.)

Half-length syllables end in a short vowel.

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Acknowledgement: Sincere thanks to Dr. James Pinakis who has kindly helped in the conversion of the audio files.