Striking a very high note, as it were, in his personal admonition to his own son Rahula in the Mahàràhulovàda Sutta [ M.1.424 ], the Buddha tells that the cultivation and practice of mettà or universal loving kindness, dispels the unwholesome mental frame called enmity or hostility. It eliminates the possibility of 'coming into conflict with' those around us. This conflict and confrontation is referred to as vyàpàda and is considered as leading thereafter to violence or vihimsà. [Mettaü hi te Ràhula bhàvanaü bhàvayato yo vyàpàdo so pahãyissati. loc.cit.].

In loving via the medium of mettà, one expects nothing back as a return or reward. Love in mettà knows of no bleeding hearts, with or without arrows piercing through them. This concept of love also brings along with it the cognate virtue of equality [or egalite]. In love, all have to become equal, and where honest equality prevails love must know no barriers, as known or unknown, friendly or otherwise. Not even as I and another. The amount of love one is required to give to others cannot in any way be less than what one wishes and expects others to bestow upon oneself.

Phrases like ' He who loves himself harms not another ' [Tasmà na hiüse paraü attakàmo as at S.1.75] or ' Taking oneself as the norm [i.e. that one likes to be loved and treated with respect ] let one cause no harm or injury to others ' [Attànaü upamaü katvà na haneyya na ghàtaye as at Dhp. v. 129] clearly indicate the Buddhist self-stand [attåpanàyika] judgement in the practice of love towards others. This applies to all grades of life [sabba-pàõa-bhåta-hita-anukampã], literally all living things.To us, this practice of love does not appear as an injunction that one must love oneself first, and then and thereafter, extend love to others. The direction given is that one must love others to the same extent that one wishes to be loved by others. That is the meaning of attànaü upamaü katvà = taking oneself as the model of loving. It certainly does not mean giving priority to oneself.

The Buddhist concept of love has the capacity to extend not only from human to animal but also from animal to the world of plants as well. There are schools of scientists in the world today who maintain that the world of plants also yearn for love and care. They claim that plants react very specifically to human emotions like love and cruelty in their own way. Besides, the plants as an integral part of our ecosystem have to be treated with utmost respect and recognition. For in the guarantee of their survival lies our own survival. There seems to be very little doubt about that. We shall discuss elsewhere, from the Buddhist point of view, about their being animate or inanimate, sentient or insentient. At any rate, it appears to be the greatest day in the life of a Buddhist saint when he sees no difference between his own body of flesh and blood and the trees and the grass that grow in the wild around him. So wishes Thera Tàlapuña in verse No. 1101 of the Theragàthà.

In Buddhism, this practice of universal loving kindness or mettà is called ' the Godly way of living ' or brahma-vihàra. It knows no revenge. It is one of four gradually upgraded qualities of love. Collectively they are also called 'sates of unbounded or magnanimous living' : appamàna-vihàra or appama¤¤a. The other three are compassion or karuõà , appreciative [not sympathetic] joy or mudità and equanimity or upekkhà . We wish to stress here adequately the word living [vihàra]. These aspects of love cannot remain as mere thoughts in one's head or as mere wishes on one's lips. They must necessarily get translated into a philosophy of living. It must indeed be lived. If wishes were horses, then beggars would be kings. By virtue of their being life-toners, they are literally soul-elevating. They enrich our lives as we live that way. Hence they are called Brahma-vihàra , i.e. Godly or Heavenly Modes of Living.

At the same time, universal loving kindness [or universal acceptance of friendship with everything that lives] practiced in this manner contributes to the much needed Buddhist virtue of ego-destruction or ridding oneself of the menacing notion of I and mine [ahaükàra- mamiükàra- mànànusaya ]. This absence of ego is the basic character of the goal of Nirvana. The over-inflation of the ego or self-hood is said to stand in the way of true happiness in this life as well as in the way of final release out of the painful round of births and deaths of saüsàra. It warps and distorts good human relationships. It takes the lubricants off our interpersonal relationships.

Because we know we love ourselves and we know love plays such a great role in our lives, let us give this freely to others. Let none in the world we live in suffer for want of love. And let none suffer because we do not truly practice love towards all that live, like ourselves. Let us not forget our callous disrespect for the lives of others and the pain we thereby bring upon them.