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References:
Mulapariyaya Resources section of BuddhaDust
PTS: Middle Length Sayings I, #1: Discourse on the Synopsis of Fundamentals, Horner, trans., pp 3.
WP: Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: The Root of All Things, Bhikkhu Nanamoli and Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans., pp 83
Examining the Mulapariyaya -- Analysis
The Root Sequence, Bhikkhu Thanissaro, translation of the Mulapariyaya
Pali | MO | Hare | Horner | Punnaji | Bodhi | Rhys Davids | (Mrs)Rhys Davids | Thanissaro | Walshe | Woodward |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
devas | gods | devas | gods | devas | gods |
Deva: [Vedic deva. Indogermanic dej¤ to shine...orig. adj. *dei¬os belonging to the sky, cp. AV da¦vª (demon), Latin deus, Lith. d¦vas; Old High German Zio; AngloSaxon T¨g, gen. T¨wes (=Tuesday); Old Irish. dia (god).] The popular etymology refers it to the root div in the sense of playing, sporting or amusing oneself...a god, a divine being; usually in pl. dev¤ the gods. As title attributed to any superhuman being or beings regarded to be in certain respects above the human level. Thus primarily ...used of the first of the next-world devas, Sakka, then also of subordinate deities, demons and spirits (deva¾¾atar¤ some kind of deity; snake-demons; n¤gas, tree-gods; rukkha-devat¤, etc.) Also title of the king. Always implying splendour...and mobility, beauty goodness and light, and as such opposed to the dark powers of mischief and destruction (asur¤, Titans; pet¤: miserable ghosts; nerayik¤ satta: beings in Niraya). A double position (dark and light) is occupied by Yama, the god of the Dead...Always implying also a kinship and continuity of life with humanity and other beings; all devas have been man and may again become men (cp. D I.17; S III. 85), hence "gods" is not a coincident term. All devas are themselves in sa¸s¤ra, needing salvation. Many are found worshipping saints...The collective appellations differ; there are various groups of divine beings, which in their totality ...include some or most of the well-known Vedic deities...Lists of popular gods are to be found, e.g. at D II.253; III.194 |
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