1. Tissa.-The seventeenth of the twenty-four Buddhas.
He was born in the Anomá pleasaunce in Khemaka.
His father was Janasandha (v.l. Saccasandha) and his mother Padumá.
He lived the household life for seven thousand years, in three palaces - Guhásala, Nárí (Nárisa) and Nisabha
He left the world on a horse named Sonuttara.
For eight months he practised austerities.
After a meal of milk rice given by the daughter of Vírasetthi of Víragáma,
he sat on grass given by a yavapálaka named Vijitasangáma
He attained Buddhahood under an asana tree.
He preached his first sermon at Yasavatí to Brahmadeva and Udaya (Udayana) of Hamsavatí, who later became his chief disciples.
His attendant was Samanga (Sambhava)
His chief patrons being Sambala and Siri among men and Kiságotamí and Upasená among women.
His chief women disciples were Phussá and Sudattá.
His body was sixty cubits high
After a life of one hundred thousand years he died at Nandáráma (Sunandáráma) in Sunandavatí.
His body was cremated and a thúpa was erected three leagues in height. Bu.xviii.1ff; BuA.188ff; J.i.40.
2. Tissa.-The ninth future Buddha. See Anágasavamsa, p.40.
3. Tissa.-One of the two chief disciples of Vipassí Buddha (Bu.xx.28; J.i.41; D.ii.4). He was the son of the purohita Bandhumatí, and the Buddha's first sermon was preached to him and Khanda. BuA.196.
4. Tissa.-One of the two chief disciples of Dípankara Buddha. Bu.ii.213; J.i.29; Mbv.5.
5. Tissa.-An aggasávaka of Kassapa Buddha. He was the Buddha's brother and, having renounced the household, became an ascetic. On hearing that Kassapa had become Buddha, he visited him but expressed great disappointment on discovering that he ate flesh food (ámagandha). The Buddha taught him that ámagandha was not really flesh but the kilesas which corrupt the heart, and he preached to him the Ámagandha Sutta. Tissa immediately entered the Order and became an aggasávaka (Bu.xxv.39; SNA.i.280-2, 293; D.ii.4). Tissa's father was born as Subhadda in this age. Ap.i.101.
6. Tissa.-A monk who was reborn as a Brahmá with great iddhi-powers. Moggallána visited him soon after his birth in the Brahma-world and asked him questions about devas and Brahmas who were assured of salvation (A.iii.331; iv.75ff). He was evidently the Tissa mentioned as being present at the Mahásamaya. D.ii.261; DA.ii.692.
7. Tissa.-A friend of Metteyya. They together visited the Buddha at Jetavana and, having listened to his teaching, entered the Order. Metteyya retired with his teacher into the forest and not long after became an arahant. Tissa lived in Sávatthi and when his elder brother died, he went home and was persuaded by his relations to return to the lay life. Later, Metteyya, passing through the village with the Buddha, during a journey, visited Tissa and brought him once more to the Buddha. The Buddha preached to them the Tissa-Metteyya Sutta, at the end of which Tissa became a Sotápanna, later attaining arahantship. SN., p.160f; SNA.ii.535f, NidA.184.
8. Tissa.-The personal name of Metteyya, friend of Tissa (7). Metteyya was his gotta-name by which he became known (SNA.ii.536; NidA.184). In the Sutta Nipáta (vs.814) he is called Tissa-Metteyya.
9. Tissa-Metteyya.-A disciple of Bávarí. He visited the Buddha with his colleagues and when the Buddha answered his questions, he, and his thousand pupils became arahants. Tissa was his personal name and Metteyya that of his clan. SN., vs.1040-2; SNA.ii.588.
10. Tissa.-An Elder of Sávatthi. He once received a length of coarse cloth as a gift and handed it to his sister to be made into a robe. She had the cloth pounded and spun into fine yarn and made of it a soft robe-cloth. At first Tissa would not accept it but was prevailed upon to do so and had it made into a soft robe by skilled robe-makers. He died on the night it was finished and, as a result of his fancy for it, was reborn as a louse in the robe. After his death, the monks wished to divide the robe but the louse started shouting. The Buddha, hearing this by his power of divine audience, asked the monks to lay the robe aside for seven days. At the end of that period, the louse was reborn in the Tusita world. DhA.iii.341ff.
11. Tissa.-A monk. When the Buddha declared that in four months he would pass away, many monks were greatly excited, collecting in groups, not knowing what to do. But Tissa remained aloof, determined to win arahantship before the Buddha's death. The others, misunderstanding him, reported to the Buddha that Tissa had no love for him, but the Buddha, having questioned him, praised his earnestness. DhA.iii.267f.
12. Tissa Thera.-An arahant. He belonged to a brahmin family of Rájagaha and, having attained great proficiency in the Vedas, became a teacher of five hundred young men. When the Buddha visited Rájagaha, Tissa was so struck by his majesty that he joined the Order, later winning arahantship. The Theragáthá contains verses uttered by him regarding certain monks who were jealous of his great renown.
In the time of Piyadassí Buddha, Tissa was an ascetic. Seeing the Buddha in samádhi in a forest-grove, he built over him an arbour of silo flowers and for seven days paid him homage. (Thag.vv.153-4; ThagA.i.272f).
He is evidently identical with Sálamandapiya of the Apadána (ii.431f).
13. Tissa.-A rájá of Roruva. He was an "unseen" ally of Bimbisára and, as such, sent him various gifts. The king sent him in return a painted panel on which was depicted the life of the Buddha and a gold plate specially inscribed with the Paticcasamuppáda. On seeing these, Tissa's mind was filled with agitation and, giving up his title, he came to Rájagaha as a monk and lived in the Sappasondika cave, from there visiting the Buddha, and soon afterwards becoming an arahant.
In the time of Vipassí Buddha he was a chariot-maker and gave the Buddha a stool made of sandalwood. Fifty-seven kappas ago he was four times king under the name of Santa (Bhavanimmita) (Thag.97; ThagA.i.199f). He is probably identical with Phalakadáyaka of the Apadána (i.174).
14. Tissa Thera.-An arahant. Son of the Buddha's paternal aunt, Amitá. He entered the Order and dwelt in a woodland settlement, but he was proud of his rank and irritable and captious in his conduct. He once came to the Buddha in tears because his colleagues had teased him on account of his talkativeness (S.ii.282; MA.i.289). On another occasion, the Buddha, with his celestial eye, saw Tissa sleeping with open mouth during the siesta and, sending a ray of glory, woke him. Tissa's heart was filled with anguish and when he confessed to his colleagues his mental laziness and distaste for religion, they brought him to the Buddha. The Buddha preached to him the Tissa Sutta, at the end of which he became an arahant (Thag.v.39; but see v.1162; S.iii.106f; ThagA.i.105).
In the time of Tissa Buddha he swept the leaves from the foot of the Bodhi-tree. He is evidently identical with Bodhisammajjaka of the Apadána (Ap.ii.457f).
The Dhammapada Commentary (i.31ff) calls him Thullatissa. He entered the Order when old and became fat through idleness. He spent most of his time in the Waiting-hall draped in rich robes. Monks, taking him for a Mahá Thera, begged the privilege of performing various services for him, such as massaging his feet. But when they discovered his attainments, they reviled him and he sought the Buddha. The Buddha, however, asked him to obtain their pardon for having failed to show them due honour, and when he refused, related to him the story of Nárada and Devala.
15. Tissa.-A novice. He was a gatekeeper's son and, coming with some carpenters to Sávatthi, joined the Order. He was constantly finding fault with the food and other offerings, even those given by Anáthapindika, and he boasted of the riches enjoyed by his kinsfolk. His colleagues made enquiries and, discovering the truth about his antecedents, reported him to the Buddha who preached the Katáhaka Játaka (q.v.) to show his similar tendencies in the past (DhA.iii.367). Tissa was identified with Katáhaka of the Játaka. J.i.455.
16. Tissa.-A monk. He was called Kosambivásí Tissa. He spent the rainy season at Kosambí and, on his departure, his supporter gave him three robes and other offerings; he, however, refused them saying that he had no novice to look after them. The layman immediately gave his son, then seven years old, to be his novice. The boy attained arahantship in the Tonsure-hall. While on his way to Sávatthi to see the Buddha, Tissa accidentally blinded the novice by hitting his eye with a fan at dawn. The Elder was filled with remorse and, falling at the boy's feet, asked his pardon. But the answer was that there was no fault to pardon, the accident was due to samsára. When the matter was reported to the Buddha he said that such was the nature of arahants. They felt no resentment. At the end of the discourse, Tissa became an arahant (DhA.ii.182ff).
17. Tissa.-A monk, called Asubhakammika-Tissa. He is mentioned in the Commentaries (VibhA.270) as an example of a good friend, devoted to the contemplation of asubha, association with whom helps one to get rid of lust. His teacher was Mahátissa of Kotapabbata-vihára. MT.553.
18. Tissa.-A master of writing (lekhácariya). Even after his death he was known by reason of his writing. Mil., p.70; see J.R.A.S.xii.159.
19. Tissa.-One of the chief lay patrons of Padumuttara Buddha. Bu.xi.26.
20. Tissa.-A monk known as Áraddhavipassaka-Tissa. While walking about he saw a lotus open at the rising of the sun. Immediately afterwards, he heard a slave-girl singing; her song told of how men are subject to death just as the lotus opens to the sun. Tissa thereupon developed insight and became an arahant. SNA.ii.397.
21. Tissa.-Uncle of Pandukábhaya. He administered the kingdom when his elder brother, Abhaya, gave up the government. He was killed by Pandukábhaya. Mhv.x.51, 70.
22. Tissa-Kontiputta.-An Elder of Asoka's time, a disciple of Mahávaruna and brother of Sumitta. He was the son of a kinnarí called Kuntí. He died of a bite by a venomous insect. Asoka was grieved on learning that Tissa's death was due to his failure to obtain ghee in his illness. Mhv.v.213ff.
23. Tissa-kumára.-Brother of Asoka and his vice-regent. He once asked Asoka why monks were not joyful and gay and Asoka, in order to teach him the reason, gave him the throne for a week, saying that at the end of the week he would be put to death. Tissa then realised that monks, who had the constant consciousness of death, could not be merry.
He later became a monk under Yonaka Mahádhammarakkhita and lived in the Asokáráma, where he prevented the murder of the theras by the minister sent by Asoka to make the monks hold the uposatha together. He became an arahant and, on account of his love of solitude, came to be known as Ekaviháriya. Thag.vv.537-46; ThagA.i.503f; Mhv.v.33, 60, 154ff, 241; SA.iii.125.
24. Tissa.-King of Kalyáni and father of Viháramahádeví (Mhv.xxii.13ff). His brother Ayya-Uttika entered into an intrigue with the queen and was banished. He sent the queen a letter through an attendant to an arahant who was in the habit of visiting the palace. This letter fell into the hands of the king who suspected the arahant himself, owing to a similarity in his writing to that of the intriguer. The king ordered the arahant to be killed and cast into the sea. The devas, being offended, caused the sea to overflow the land. The total destruction of the country was only averted by the king sending his daughter Deví (afterwards Viháramahadeví), to sea in a golden boat. The Rasaváhini, however, says he was thrown into a cauldron of boiling oil; see Telakatáhagáthá.
Tissa's father was Mutasiva and his grandfather Uttiya. MT.431.
25. Tissa.-A minister of Dutthagámani. When the latter fled from Saddhátissa, Tissa joined him and he gave him his own food during the flight. But the food was ultimately given to a monk (see Tissa 26) who accepted their invitation to the meal. (For details see Mhv.xxiv.22ff; AA.i.365). It was probably the mother of this Tissa who, we are told (Vsm., p.63), used a cloth worth one hundred to wipe away the impurities of her son's birth, which cloth she afterwards threw out on to the Tálaveli road hoping that it might prove useful to a pámsukúlika monk.
26. Tissa.-A thera in Piyangudípa. He it was who accepted the meal given by Dutthagámani while fleeing from his brother. Mhv.xxiv.25.
27. Tissa.-A brahmin youth of Rohana who rebelled against Vattagámani in the fifth year of his reign. At that time Damilas invaded Ceylon and Vattagámani sent word to Tissa asking him to fight them, and take the throne for himself; Tissa did, but was conquered by them (Mhv.xxxiii.38ff). See also Bráhmana-Tissa.
28. Tissa.-A monk of Kambugallaka; he was very learned and helped to reconcile Vattagámani and his discontented ministers (Mhv.xxxiii.71, 75). Later, the ministers built several viháras - the Múlavokása, the Sáliyáráma, the Pabbatáráma and the Uttaratissáráma - and handed them over to Tissa. Ibid., 91.
29. Tissa.-A minister of Vattagámani; he built the Uttamtissáráma. Mhv.xxxiii.91.
30. Tissa.-Son of Mahácúla and king of Ceylon (9-12 A.D.). He was poisoned by his wife Anulá. Mhv.xxxiv.15ff.
31. Tissa.-A paramour of Queen Anulá. He was a wood-carrier and was therefore called Dárubhatika-Tissa. He reigned for one year and one month and built a bathing-tank in the Mahámeghavana. He was poisoned by Anulá. Mhv.xxxiv.22ff.
32. Tissa.-A monk of the Dakkhináráma, for whom Mahásena built the Jetavana-vihára. Mhv.xxxvii.32, 38.
33. Tissa.-Younger son of Mahádáthika-Mahánága and brother of Amandagámani Abhaya. He was known as Kanirajánu-tissa. Mhv.xxxv.11ff; MT.640.
34. Tissa.-Nephew of Khallátanága and son of Sumanadeví, step-sister to the king. With his brothers, Abhaya and Uttara, he conspired to kill the king. But the conspiracy failed and they committed suicide. MT.612.
35. Tissa.-An artisan (kammáraputta), a previous incarnation of Sáliya. He lived in Mundagangá and receiving one day as wages the flesh of a boar, he had it cooked by his wife. When the meal was ready he announced alms; the theras Dhammadinna, Godhiya-Mahátissa, Mahánága of Samuddavihára, Mahánága of Kálavallimandapa, Mahásangharakkhita, Dhammagutta, Mahánága of Bhátiyavanka and Maliyamahádeva appeared to accept the alms. MT.605f.
36. Tissa.-A monk resident in Lonagiri (Lenagiri). He once saw fifty monks, on their way to Nágadipa on a pilgrimage, returning from their alms-rounds in Mahákhíragáma, with their bowls empty. Asking them to wait, he returned in a little while with his bowl of milk rice which proved more than enough for the whole company. Seeing their astonishment, he explained that since he had begun to practise the sáráníya-dhammá, his bowl had never lacked food.
At the Giribhandamahápújá at Cetiyapabbata, Tissa wished to have for himself two shawls, the most precious things there. He declared his wish in the presence of others and the king, on being informed, determined that Tissa should not have them, but every time he put out his hand to take the robes, they slipped away, and others took their place. In the end the robes were given to Tissa (DA.ii.534f; MA.i.545).
37. Tissa.-A Thera of Sávatthi, better known as Kutumbiyaputta-Tissa. He renounced forty crores of wealth and became a monk dwelling in the forest. His younger brother's wife sent five hundred ruffians to kill him. He begged them to spare his life for one night and broke his thigh-bone with a stone as token that he would not attempt to escape. During the night he overcame his pain and, dwelling on his virtues, became an arahant (MA.i.188f; DA.iii.747; Vsm.48).
38. Tissa.-A Thera of Sáketa. He refused to answer questions, saying that he had no time. On being asked, "Can you find time to die?" he felt ashamed, and going to the Kanikáraválikasamudda-vihára, instructed monks of varying grades during the rainy season, rousing great enthusiasm among the populace by his preaching (MA.i.350f; DA.iii.1061).
39. Tissa.-A monk of Kotapabbata.
40. Tissa.-A minister. The scholiast to the Kanha Játaka mentions a story of an amacca called Tissa who, in a rage, killed his wife and all his retinue and, finally, himself. J.iv.11.
41. Tissa.-A novice of Pańcaggalalena. While travelling through the air he heard the daughter of the artisan of Girigáma singing, after having bathed with her companions in a lotus-pond. Being attracted by the sound, he lost his power of travelling through the air. MA.i.353; SNA.i.70.
42. Tissa.-A novice of Tissamahá-vihára. He complained to his teacher of his distaste for the Order and the latter took him to Cittalapabbata. There, with great effort, Tissa built for himself a cave and while lying there during the night, became an arahant, dying the next day. A thúpa called the Tissa-thera-cetiya was erected over his relics and this was still in existence in Buddhaghosa's day (MA.i.312f).
43. Tissa.-An attendant of King Saddhá-Tissa. The king, wishing to eat pheasants, asked Tissa to procure some, having first tested him by threatening to have him executed if he refused to kill fowl for the king's table. Tissa, even when led to the executioner's block, refused to kill the birds. The king was thus satisfied that Tissa would not kill pheasants for him. The next day, Tissa, seeing a fowler hawking some dead pheasants, obtained them for the king (SA.iii.49ff; AA.i.262).
44. See also:
45. Tissa. A sámanera of Tissa-vihára in Mahágáma. See Kundalá.
46. Tissa. A novice who later became a devaputta on a tree near Nága-vihára. For details see Ras.ii.168.
47. Tissa. A monk who, when his brother's wife sent men to kill him, broke his thigh bones as token he would not run away, and having begged leave for one night, attained arahantship. MA.i.188f.