Nidānavaṇṇanā
Yaṃ panetaṃ vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatāti-ādikaṃ nidānaṃ. Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahathāti-ādikaṃ suttaṃ. Tattha vuttaṃ bhagavatātiādīni nāmapadāni. Itīti nipātapadaṃ. Pajahathāti ettha pa-iti upasaggapadaṃ, jahathā-ti ākhyātapadaṃ. Iminā nayena sabbattha padavibhāgo veditabbo. Atthato pana vuttasaddo tāva sa-upasaggo anupasaggo ca vapane vāpasamakaraṇe kesohāraṇe jīvitavuttiyaṃ pavuttabhāve pāvacanabhāvena pavattite ajjhesane kathaneti evamādīsu dissati. Tathā hesa–
“Gāvo tassa pajāyanti, khette vuttaṃ virūhati;
vuttānaṃ phalamasnāti, yo mittānaṃ na dubbhatī”ti.–
Ādīsu (jā. 2.22.19) vapane āgato. “No ca kho paṭivuttan”ti-ādīsu (pārā. 289) aṭṭhadantakādīhi vāpasamakaraṇe. “Kāpaṭiko māṇavo daharo vuttasiro”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 2.426) kesohāraṇe. “Pannalomo paradattavutto migabhūtena cetasā viharatī”ti-ādīsu (cūḷava. 332) jīvitavuttiyaṃ. “Seyyathāpi nāma paṇḍupalāso bandhanā pavutto abhabbo haritatthāyā”ti-ādīsu (pārā. 92; pāci. 666; mahāva. 129) bandhanato pavuttabhāve. “Yesamidaṃ etarahi, brāhmaṇā, porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitan”ti-ādīsu pāvacanabhāvena pavattite. Loke pana– “vutto gaṇo vutto pārāyano”ti-ādīsu ajjhene. “Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.30) kathane. Idhāpi kathane daṭṭhabbo. Tasmā vuttaṃ kathitaṃ bhāsitanti attho.
Dutiyo pana vuttasaddo vacane ciṇṇabhāve ca veditabbo. Hi-iti jātu vibyattanti etasmiṃ atthe nipāto. So idāni vuccamānasuttassa bhagavato vibyattaṃ bhāsitabhāvaṃ joteti. Vācakasaddasannidhāne hi payuttā nipātā. Tehi vattabbamatthaṃ jotenti. Etanti ayaṃ etasaddo–
“Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;
cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.
“Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;
ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
“Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;
etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī”ti. (Dha. pa. 190-192)–
Ādīsu yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato. “Appamattakaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, oramattakaṃ sīlamattakaṃ, yena puthujjano tathāgatassa vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno vadeyyā”ti-ādīsu (dī. ni. 1.7) pana vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva daṭṭhabbo. Saṅgāyanavasena vakkhamānañhi suttaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena buddhiyaṃ ṭhapetvā tadā “etan”ti vuttaṃ.
Bhagavatāti ettha bhagavāti garuvacanaṃ. Garuṃ hi loke bhagavāti vadanti. Tathāgato ca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sattānaṃ garu, tasmā bhagavāti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ–
“Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;
garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī”ti.
Seṭṭhavācakañhi vacanaṃ seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ. Atha vā vuccatīti vacanaṃ, attho. Tasmā bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhanti bhagavāti iminā vacanena vacanīyo yo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. Bhagavāti vacanamuttamanti etthāpi eseva nayo. Gāravayuttoti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato, garukaraṇaṃ vā sātisayaṃ arahatīti gāravayutto, gāravārahoti attho. Evaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanametaṃ yadidaṃ bhagavāti. Apica–
“Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti,
akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;
bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,
bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī”ti.–
Niddese āgatanayena–
“Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;
bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato”ti.
Imissā gāthāya ca vasena bhagavāti padassa attho vattabbo. So panāyaṃ attho sabbākārena visuddhimagge buddhānussatiniddese vuttoti. Tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Aparo nayo– bhāgavāti bhagavā, bhatavāti bhagavā, bhāge vanīti bhagavā, bhage vanīti bhagavā, bhattavāti bhagavā, bhage vamīti bhagavā, bhāge vamīti bhagavā.
“Bhāgavā bhatavā bhāge, bhage ca vani bhattavā;
bhage vami tathā bhāge, vamīti bhagavā jino”.
Tattha kathaṃ bhāgavāti bhagavā? Ye te sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā guṇakoṭṭhāsā, te anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā tathāgatassa atthi upalabbhanti. Tathā hissa sīlaṃ, samādhi, paññā, vimutti, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ, hirī, ottappaṃ, saddhā, vīriyaṃ, sati, sampajaññaṃ, sīlavisuddhi, cittavisuddhi, diṭṭhivisuddhi, samatho, vipassanā, tīṇi kusalamūlāni, tīṇi sucaritāni, tayo sammāvitakkā, tisso anavajjasaññā, tisso dhātuyo, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, cattāro ariyamaggā, cattāri ariyaphalāni catasso paṭisambhidā, catuyoniparicchedakañāṇāni, cattāro ariyavaṃsā, cattāri vesārajjañāṇāni, pañca padhāniyaṅgāni, pañcaṅgiko sammāsamādhi, pañcañāṇiko sammāsamādhi, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, pañca nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, pañca vimuttāyatanañāṇāni, pañca vimuttiparipācanīyā saññā, cha anussatiṭṭhānāni, cha gāravā, cha nissāraṇīyā dhātuyo, cha satatavihārā, cha anuttariyāni, cha nibbedhabhāgiyā saññā, cha abhiññā, cha asādhāraṇañāṇāni, satta aparihāniyā dhammā, satta ariyadhanāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, satta sappurisadhammā, satta nijjaravatthūni, satta saññā, satta dakkhiṇeyyapuggaladesanā, satta khīṇāsavabaladesanā, aṭṭha paññāpaṭilābhahetudesanā, aṭṭhasammattāni, aṭṭha lokadhammātikkamo, aṭṭha ārambhavatthūni, aṭṭha akkhaṇadesanā, aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakkā, aṭṭha abhibhāyatanadesanā, aṭṭha vimokkhā, nava yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā, nava pārisuddhipadhāniyaṅgāni, nava sattāvāsadesanā, nava āghātappaṭivinayā, nava saññā, nava nānattā, nava anupubbavihārā, dasa nāthakaraṇā dhammā, dasa kasiṇāyatanāni, dasa kusalakammapathā, dasa sammattāni, dasa ariyavāsā, dasa asekkhā dhammā, dasa tathāgatabalāni, ekādasa mettānisaṃsā, dvādasa dhammacakkākārā, terasa dhutaguṇā, cuddasa buddhañāṇāni, pañcadasa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā, soḷasavidhā ānāpānassati, soḷasa aparantapanīyā dhammā, aṭṭhārasa buddhadhammā, ekūnavīsati paccavekkhaṇañāṇāni, catucattālīsa ñāṇavatthūni, paññāsa udayabbayañāṇāni, paropaṇṇāsa kusaladhammā, sattasattati ñāṇavatthūni, catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasamāpattisañcārimahāvajirañāṇaṃ, anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānapavicayapaccavekkhaṇadesanāñāṇāni, tathā anantāsu lokadhātūsu anantānaṃ sattānaṃ āsayādivibhāvanañāṇāni cāti, evamādayo anantā aparimāṇabhedā anaññasādhāraṇā niratisayā guṇabhāgā guṇakoṭṭhāsā vijjanti upalabbhanti. Tasmā yathāvuttavibhāgā guṇabhāgā assa atthīti bhāgavāti vattabbe. Ākārassa rassattaṃ katvā “bhagavā”ti vutto. Evaṃ tāva bhāgavāti bhagavā.
“Yasmā sīlādayo sabbe, guṇabhāgā asesato;
vijjanti sugate tasmā, bhagavāti pavuccati”.
Kathaṃ bhatavāti bhagavā? Ye te sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannehi manussattādike aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā sammāsambodhiyā katamahābhinīhārehi mahābodhisattehi paripūretabbā dānapāramī, sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisacca-adhiṭṭhānamettā-upekkhāpāramīti dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo, dānādīni cattāri saṅgahavatthūni, cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni, attapariccāgo, nayanadhanarajjaputtadārapariccāgoti pañca mahāpariccāgā, pubbayogo, pubbacariyā, dhammakkhānaṃ, lokatthacariyā, ñātatthacariyā, buddhatthacariyāti evamādayo saṅkhepato vā puññasambhārañāṇasambhārā buddhakaradhammā, te mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya kappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni yathā hānabhāgiyā, saṃkilesabhāgiyā ṭhitibhāgiyā, vā na honti; atha kho uttaruttari visesabhāgiyāva honti; evaṃ sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ anavasesato bhatā sambhatā assa atthīti bhatavāti bhagavā; niruttinayena takārassa gakāraṃ katvā. Atha vā bhatavāti teyeva yathāvutte buddhakaradhamme vuttanayena bhari sambhari paripūresīti attho. Evampi bhatavāti bhagavā.
“Yasmā sambodhiyā sabbe, dānapārami-ādike;
sambhāre bhatavā nātho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato”.
Kathaṃ bhāge vanīti bhagavā? Ye te catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhā devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakasamāpattibhāgā, te anavasesato lokahitatthaṃ attano diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthañca niccakappaṃ vani bhaji sevi bahulamakāsīti bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā abhiññeyyesu dhammesu kusalādīsu khandhādīsu ca ye te pariññeyyādivasena saṅkhepato vā catubbidhā abhisamayabhāgā, vitthārato pana “cakkhu pariññeyyaṃ pe… jarāmaraṇaṃ pariññeyyan”ti-ādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.21) aneke pariññeyyabhāgā, “cakkhussa samudayo pahātabbo…pe… jarāmaraṇassa samudayo pahātabbo”ti-ādinā pahātabbabhāgā, “cakkhussa nirodho sacchikātabbo…pe… jarāmaraṇassa nirodho sacchikātabbo”ti-ādinā sacchikātabbabhāgā, “cakkhunirodhagāminīpaṭipadā bhāvetabbā…pe… cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā”ti-ādinā ca anekabhedā bhāvetabbabhāgā ca dhammā, te sabbe vani bhaji yathārahaṃ gocarabhāvanāsevanānaṃ vasena sevi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā. Atha vā ye ime sīlādayo dhammakkhandhā sāvakehi sādhāraṇā guṇakoṭṭhāsā guṇabhāgā, kinti nu kho te veneyyasantānesu patiṭṭhapeyyanti mahākaruṇāya vani abhipatthayi. Sā cassa abhipatthanā yathādhippetaphalāvahā ahosi. Evampi bhāge vanīti bhagavā.
“Yasmā ñeyyasamāpatti-guṇabhāge tathāgato;
bhaji patthayi sattānaṃ, hitāya bhagavā tato”.
Kathaṃ bhage vanīti bhagavā? Samāsato tāva katapuññehi payogasampannehi yathāvibhavaṃ bhajīyantīti bhagā, lokiyalokuttarā sampattiyo. Tattha lokiye tāva tathāgato sambodhito pubbe bodhisattabhūto paramukkaṃsagate vani bhaji sevi, yattha patiṭṭhāya niravasesato buddhakaradhamme samannānento buddhadhamme paripācesi. Buddhabhūto pana te niravajjasukhūpasaṃhite anaññasādhāraṇe lokuttarepi vani bhaji sevi. Vitthārato pana padesarajja-issariyacakkavattisampattidevarajjasampatti-ādivasena jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattiñāṇadassanamaggabhāvanāphala- sacchikiriyādi-uttarimanussadhammavasena ca anekavihite anaññasādhāraṇe bhage vani bhaji sevi. Evaṃ bhage vanīti bhagavā.
“Yā tā sampattiyo loke, yā ca lokuttarā puthū;
sabbā tā bhaji sambuddho, tasmāpi bhagavā mato”.
Kathaṃ bhattavāti bhagavā? Bhattā daḷhabhattikā assa bahū atthīti bhagavā. Tathāgato hi mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādi-aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgibhāvato sabbasattuttamo, sabbānatthaparihārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantūpakāritāya dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇa-asīti-anubyañjanabyāmappabhādi- anaññasādhāraṇaguṇavisesapaṭimaṇḍitarūpakāyatāya, yathābhuccaguṇādhigatena “itipi so bhagavā”ti-ādinayappavattena lokattayabyāpinā suvipulena suvisuddhena ca thutighosena samannāgatattā ukkaṃsapāramippattāsu appicchatāsantuṭṭhitādīsu suppatiṭṭhitabhāvato dasabalacatuvesārajjādiniratisayaguṇavisesasamaṅgibhāvato ca rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno, ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno, lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno, dhammappamāṇo dhammappasannoti evaṃ catuppamāṇike lokasannivāse sabbathāpi pasādāvahabhāvena samantapāsādikattā aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ sadevamanussānaṃ ādarabahumānagāravāyatanatāya paramapemasambhattiṭṭhānaṃ. Ye ca tassa ovāde patiṭṭhitā aveccappasādena samannāgatā honti, kenaci asaṃhāriyā tesaṃ sambhatti samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā. Tathā hi te attano jīvitapariccāgepi tattha pasādaṃ na pariccajanti, tassa vā āṇaṃ daḷhabhattibhāvato. Tenevāha–