Ayaṃ panettha piṇḍattho– yathā paṭhamagimhanāmake bālavasante nānāvidharukkhagahane vane supupphitaggasākho taruṇarukkhagacchapariyāyanāmo pagumbo ativiya sassiriko hoti, evamevaṃ khandhāyatanādīhi satipaṭṭhānasammappadhānādīhi sīlasamādhikkhandhādīhi vā nānappakārehi atthappabhedapupphehi ativiya sassirikattā tathūpamaṃ nibbānagāmimaggadīpanato nibbānagāmiṃ pariyattidhammavaraṃ neva lābhahetu na sakkārādihetu, kevalañhi mahākaruṇāya abbhussāhitahadayo sattānaṃ paramaṃhitāya adesayīti. Paramaṃhitāyāti ettha ca gāthābandhasukhatthaṃ anunāsiko, ayaṃ panattho “paramahitāya nibbānāya adesayī”ti.

Evaṃ bhagavā imaṃ supupphitaggavanappagumbasadisaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ vatvā idāni tameva nissāya buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjati “idampi buddhe”ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo, kevalaṃ pana idampi yathāvuttappakārapariyattidhammasaṅkhātaṃ buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītanti yojetabbaṃ. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.

237. Evaṃ bhagavā pariyattidhammena buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni lokuttaradhammena vattumāraddho “varo varaññū”ti. Tattha varoti paṇītādhimuttikehi icchito “aho vata mayampi evarūpā assāmā”ti, varaguṇayogato vā varo, uttamo seṭṭhoti attho. Varaññūti nibbānaññū. Nibbānañhi sabbadhammānaṃ uttamaṭṭhena varaṃ, tañcesa bodhimūle sayaṃ paṭivijjhitvā aññāsi. Varadoti pañcavaggiyabhaddavaggiyajaṭilādīnaṃ aññesañca devamanussānaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyavāsanābhāgiyavaradhammadāyīti attho. Varāharoti varassa maggassa āhaṭattā varāharoti vuccati. So hi bhagavā dīpaṅkarato pabhuti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūrento pubbakehi sammāsambuddhehi anuyātaṃ purāṇaṃ maggavaraṃ āhari, tena varāharoti vuccati. Apica sabbaññutaññāṇapaṭilābhena varo, nibbānasacchikiriyāya varaññū, sattānaṃ vimuttisukhadānena varado, uttamapaṭipadāharaṇena varāharo, etehi lokuttaraguṇehi adhikassa kassaci abhāvato anuttaro.

Aparo nayo– varo upasamādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varaññū paññādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varado cāgādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varāharo saccādhiṭṭhānaparipūraṇena, varaṃ maggasaccamāharīti. Tathā varo puññussayena, varaññū paññussayena, varado buddhabhāvatthikānaṃ tadupāyasampadānena, varāharo paccekabuddhabhāvatthikānaṃ tadupāyāharaṇena, anuttaro tattha tattha asadisatāya, attanā vā anācariyako hutvā paresaṃ ācariyabhāvena, dhammavaraṃ adesayi sāvakabhāvatthikānaṃ tadatthāya svākhātatādiguṇayuttassa varadhammassa desanato. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.

Evaṃ bhagavā navavidhena lokuttaradhammena attano guṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjati “idampi buddhe”ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kevalaṃ pana yaṃ varaṃ navalokuttaradhammaṃ esa aññāsi, yañca adāsi, yañca āhari, yañca adesayi, idampi buddhe ratanaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.

238. Evaṃ bhagavā pariyattidhammaṃ lokuttaradhammañca nissāya dvīhi gāthāhi buddhādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vatvā idāni ye taṃ pariyattidhammaṃ assosuṃ sutānusārena ca paṭipajjitvā navappakārampi lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigamiṃsu, tesaṃ anupādisesanibbānappattiguṇaṃ nissāya puna saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccaṃ vattumāraddho “khīṇaṃ purāṇan”ti. Tattha khīṇanti samucchinnaṃ. Purāṇanti purātanaṃ. Navanti sampati vattamānaṃ. Natthisambhavanti avijjamānapātubhāvaṃ. Virattacittāti vigatarāgacittā. Āyatike bhavasminti anāgatamaddhānaṃ punabbhave. Teti yesaṃ khīṇaṃ purāṇaṃ navaṃ natthisambhavaṃ, ye ca āyatike bhavasmiṃ virattacittā, te khīṇāsavā bhikkhū. Khīṇabījāti ucchinnabījā. Avirūḷhichandāti virūḷhichandavirahitā. Nibbantīti vijjhāyanti. Dhīrāti dhitisampannā. Yathāyaṃ padīpoti ayaṃ padīpo viya.

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yaṃ taṃ sattānaṃ uppajjitvā niruddhampi purāṇaṃ atītakālikaṃ kammaṃ taṇhāsinehassa appahīnattā paṭisandhi-āharaṇasamatthatāya akhīṇaṃyeva hoti, taṃ purāṇaṃ kammaṃ yesaṃ arahattamaggena taṇhāsinehassa sositattā agginā daḍḍhabījamiva āyatiṃ vipākadānāsamatthatāya khīṇaṃ. Yañca nesaṃ buddhapūjādivasena idāni pavattamānaṃ kammaṃ navanti vuccati, tañca taṇhāpahāneneva chinnamūlapādapapupphamiva āyatiṃ phaladānāsamatthatāya yesaṃ natthisambhavaṃ, ye ca taṇhāpahāneneva āyatike bhavasmiṃ virattacittā, te khīṇāsavā bhikkhū “kammaṃ khettaṃ viññāṇaṃ bījan”ti (a. ni. 3.77) ettha vuttassa paṭisandhiviññāṇassa kammakkhayeneva khīṇattā khīṇabījā. Yopi pubbe punabbhavasaṅkhātāya virūḷhiyā chando ahosi, tassāpi samudayappahāneneva pahīnattā pubbe viya cutikāle asambhavena avirūḷhichandā dhitisampannattā dhīrā carimaviññāṇanirodhena yathāyaṃ padīpo nibbuto, evaṃ nibbanti, puna “rūpino vā arūpino vā”ti evamādiṃ paññattipathaṃ accentīti. Tasmiṃ kira samaye nagaradevatānaṃ pūjanatthāya jālitesu padīpesu eko padīpo vijjhāyi, taṃ dassento āha– “yathāyaṃ padīpo”ti.

Evaṃ bhagavā ye taṃ purimāhi dvīhi gāthāhi vuttaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ assosuṃ, sutānusāreneva paṭipajjitvā navappakārampi lokuttaradhammaṃ adhigamiṃsu, tesaṃ anupādisesanibbānappattiguṇaṃ vatvā idāni tameva guṇaṃ nissāya saṅghādhiṭṭhānaṃ saccavacanaṃ payuñjanto desanaṃ samāpesi “idampi saṅghe”ti. Tassattho pubbe vuttanayeneva veditabbo, kevalaṃ pana idampi yathāvuttena pakārena khīṇāsavabhikkhūnaṃ nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ saṅghe ratanaṃ paṇītanti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Imissāpi gāthāya āṇā koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷesu amanussehi paṭiggahitāti.

Desanāpariyosāne rājakulassa sotthi ahosi, sabbūpaddavā vūpasamiṃsu caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.

239-241. Atha sakko devānamindo “bhagavatā ratanattayaguṇaṃ nissāya saccavacanaṃ payuñjamānena nāgarassa sotthi katā, mayāpi nāgarassa sotthitthaṃ ratanattayaguṇaṃ nissāya kiñci vattabban”ti cintetvā avasāne gāthāttayaṃ abhāsi “yānīdha bhūtānī”ti. Tattha yasmā buddho yathā lokahitatthāya ussukkaṃ āpannehi āgantabbaṃ, tathā āgatato, yathā ca etehi gantabbaṃ, tathā gatato, yathā vā etehi ājānitabbaṃ, tathā ājānanato, yathā ca jānitabbaṃ, tathā jānanato, yañca tatheva hoti, tassa gadanato ca “tathāgato”ti vuccati. Yasmā ca so devamanussehi pupphagandhādinā bahinibbattena upakaraṇena, dhammānudhammappaṭipattādinā ca attani nibbattena ativiya pūjito, tasmā sakko devānamindo sabbadevaparisaṃ attanā saddhiṃ sampiṇḍetvā āha “tathāgataṃ devamanussapūjitaṃ, buddhaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotū”ti.

Yasmā pana dhamme maggadhammo yathā yuganandha samathavipassanābalena gantabbaṃ kilesapakkhaṃ samucchindantena, tathā gatoti tathāgato. Nibbānadhammopi yathā gato paññāya paṭividdho sabbadukkhavighātāya sampajjati, buddhādīhi tathā avagato, tasmā “tathāgato”ti vuccati. Yasmā ca saṅghopi yathā attahitāya paṭipannehi gantabbaṃ tena tena maggena, tathā gato, tasmā “tathāgato” tveva vuccati. Tasmā avasesagāthādvayepi tathāgataṃ dhammaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotu, tathāgataṃ saṅghaṃ namassāma suvatthi hotūti vuttaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.

Evaṃ sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthāttayaṃ bhāsitvā bhagavantaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā devapurameva gato saddhiṃ devaparisāya. Bhagavā pana tadeva ratanasuttaṃ dutiyadivasepi desesi, puna caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Evaṃ bhagavā yāva sattamaṃ divasaṃ desesi, divase divase tatheva dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Bhagavā aḍḍhamāsameva vesāliyaṃ viharitvā rājūnaṃ “gacchāmā”ti paṭivedesi. Tato rājāno diguṇena sakkārena puna tīhi divasehi bhagavantaṃ gaṅgātīraṃ nayiṃsu. Gaṅgāyaṃ nibbattā nāgarājāno cintesuṃ– “manussā tathāgatassa sakkāraṃ karonti, mayaṃ kiṃ na karissāmā”ti suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimayā nāvāyo māpetvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimaye eva pallaṅke paññāpetvā pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ udakaṃ karitvā “amhākaṃ anuggahaṃ karothā”ti bhagavantaṃ upagatā. Bhagavā adhivāsetvā ratananāvamārūḷho pañca ca bhikkhusatāni sakaṃ sakaṃ nāvaṃ. Nāgarājāno bhagavantaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena nāgabhavanaṃ pavesesuṃ. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sabbarattiṃ nāgaparisāya dhammaṃ desesi. Dutiyadivase dibbehi khādanīyabhojanīyehi mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Bhagavā anumoditvā nāgabhavanā nikkhami.

Bhūmaṭṭhā devā “manussā ca nāgā ca tathāgatassa sakkāraṃ karonti, mayaṃ kiṃ na karissāmā”ti cintetvā vanagumbarukkhapabbatādīsu chattātichattāni ukkhipiṃsu. Eteneva upāyena yāva akaniṭṭhabrahmabhavanaṃ, tāva mahāsakkāraviseso nibbatti. Bimbisāropi licchavīhi āgatakāle katasakkārato diguṇamakāsi, pubbe vuttanayeneva pañcahi divasehi bhagavantaṃ rājagahaṃ ānesi.

Rājagahamanuppatte bhagavati pacchābhattaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannipatitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ayamantarakathā udapādi– “aho buddhassa bhagavato ānubhāvo, yaṃ uddissa gaṅgāya orato ca pārato ca aṭṭhayojano bhūmibhāgo ninnañca thalañca samaṃ katvā vālukāya okiritvā pupphehi sañchanno, yojanappamāṇaṃ gaṅgāya udakaṃ nānāvaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannaṃ, yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanā chattātichattāni ussitānī”ti. Bhagavā taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā taṅkhaṇānurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā maṇḍalamāḷe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi– “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā”ti? Bhikkhū sabbaṃ ārocesuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca– “na, bhikkhave, ayaṃ pūjāviseso mayhaṃ buddhānubhāvena nibbatto, na nāgadevabrahmānubhāvena, apica kho pubbe appamattakapariccāgānubhāvena nibbatto”ti. Bhikkhū āhaṃsu– “na mayaṃ, bhante, taṃ appamattakaṃ pariccāgaṃ jānāma, sādhu no bhagavā tathā kathetu, yathā mayaṃ taṃ jāneyyāmā”ti.

Bhagavā āha– bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, takkasilāyaṃ saṅkho nāma brāhmaṇo ahosi. Tassa putto susīmo nāma māṇavo soḷasavassuddesiko vayena, so ekadivasaṃ pitaraṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ pitā āha– “kiṃ, tāta susīmā”ti? So āha– “icchāmahaṃ, tāta, bārāṇasiṃ gantvā sippaṃ uggahetun”ti. “Tena hi, tāta susīma, asuko nāma brāhmaṇo mama sahāyako, tassa santikaṃ gantvā uggaṇhāhī”ti kahāpaṇasahassaṃ adāsi. So taṃ gahetvā mātāpitaro abhivādetvā anupubbena bārāṇasiṃ gantvā upacārayuttena vidhinā ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā attānaṃ nivedesi. Ācariyo “mama sahāyakassa putto”ti māṇavaṃ sampaṭicchitvā sabbaṃ pāhuneyyamakāsi. So addhānakilamathaṃ paṭivinodetvā taṃ kahāpaṇasahassaṃ ācariyassa pādamūle ṭhapetvā sippaṃ uggahetuṃ okāsaṃ yāci. Ācariyo okāsaṃ katvā uggaṇhāpesi.

So lahuñca gaṇhanto bahuñca gaṇhanto gahitagahitañca suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittamiva sīhatelaṃ avinassamānaṃ dhārento dvādasavassikaṃ sippaṃ katipayamāseneva pariyosāpesi. So sajjhāyaṃ karonto ādimajjhaṃyeva passati, no pariyosānaṃ. Atha ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha– “imassa sippassa ādimajjhameva passāmi, pariyosānaṃ na passāmī”ti. Ācariyo āha– “ahampi, tāta, evamevā”ti. “Atha ko, ācariya, imassa sippassa pariyosānaṃ jānātī”ti? “Isipatane, tāta, isayo atthi, te jāneyyun”ti. Te upasaṅkamitvā “pucchāmi, ācariyā”ti. “Puccha, tāta, yathāsukhan”ti. So isipatanaṃ gantvā paccekabuddhe upasaṅkamitvā pucchi– “ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ jānāthā”ti? “Āmāvuso, jānāmā”ti. “Taṃ mampi sikkhāpethā”ti. “Tena, hāvuso, pabbajāhi, na sakkā apabbajitena sikkhitun”ti. “Sādhu, bhante, pabbājetha vā maṃ, yaṃ vā icchatha, taṃ katvā pariyosānaṃ jānāpethā”ti. Te taṃ pabbājetvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojetuṃ asamatthā “evaṃ te nivāsetabbaṃ, evaṃ pārupitabban”ti-ādinā nayena ābhisamācārikaṃ sikkhāpesuṃ. So tattha sikkhanto upanissayasampannattā na cireneva paccekabodhiṃ abhisambujjhi. Sakalabārāṇasiyaṃ “susīmapaccekabuddho”ti pākaṭo ahosi lābhaggayasaggappatto sampannaparivāro. So appāyukasaṃvattanikassa kammassa katattā na cireneva parinibbāyi. Tassa paccekabuddhā ca mahājanakāyo ca sarīrakiccaṃ katvā dhātuto gahetvā nagaradvāre thūpaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.

Atha kho saṅkho brāhmaṇo “putto me ciragato, na cassa pavattiṃ jānāmī”ti puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo takkasilāya nikkhamitvā anupubbena bārāṇasiṃ patvā mahājanakāyaṃ sannipatitaṃ disvā “addhā bahūsu ekopi me puttassa pavattiṃ jānissatī”ti cintento upasaṅkamitvā pucchi– “susīmo nāma māṇavo idha āgato atthi, api nu tassa pavattiṃ jānāthā”ti? Te “āma, brāhmaṇa, jānāma, asmiṃ nagare brāhmaṇassa santike tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū hutvā paccekabuddhānaṃ santike pabbajitvā paccekabuddho hutvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, ayamassa thūpo patiṭṭhāpito”ti āhaṃsu. So bhūmiṃ hatthena paharitvā, roditvā ca paridevitvā ca taṃ cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā tiṇāni uddharitvā uttarasāṭakena vālukaṃ ānetvā, paccekabuddhacetiyaṅgaṇe ākiritvā, kamaṇḍaluto udakena samantato bhūmiṃ paripphositvā vanapupphehi pūjaṃ katvā uttarasāṭakena paṭākaṃ āropetvā thūpassa upari attano chattaṃ bandhitvā pakkāmīti.

Evaṃ atītaṃ dassetvā taṃ jātakaṃ paccuppannena anusandhento bhikkhūnaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathesi– “siyā kho pana vo, bhikkhave, evamassa añño nūna tena samayena saṅkho brāhmaṇo ahosī”ti, na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, ahaṃ tena samayena saṅkho brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ, mayā susīmassa paccekabuddhassa cetiyaṅgaṇe tiṇāni uddhaṭāni, tassa me kammassa nissandena aṭṭhayojanamaggaṃ vigatakhāṇukaṇṭakaṃ katvā samaṃ suddhamakaṃsu, mayā tattha vālukā okiṇṇā, tassa me nissandena aṭṭhayojanamagge vālukaṃ okiriṃsu. Mayā tattha vanakusumehi pūjā katā, tassa me nissandena navayojanamagge thale ca udake ca nānāpupphehi pupphasantharaṃ akaṃsu. Mayā tattha kamaṇḍaludakena bhūmi paripphositā, tassa me nissandena vesāliyaṃ pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Mayā tasmiṃ cetiye paṭākā āropitā, chattañca baddhaṃ, tassa me nissandena yāva akaniṭṭhabhavanā paṭākā ca āropitā, chattātichattāni ca ussitāni. Iti kho, bhikkhave, ayaṃ mayhaṃ pūjāviseso neva buddhānubhāvena nibbatto, na nāgadevabrahmānubhāvena, apica kho appamattakapariccāgānubhāvena nibbatto”ti. Dhammakathāpariyosāne imaṃ gāthamabhāsi–

“Mattāsukhapariccāgā, passe ce vipulaṃ sukhaṃ;
caje mattāsukhaṃ dhīro, sampassaṃ vipulaṃ sukhan”ti. (Dha. pa. 290).

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya ratanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.