4. Mahāvaggo

1. Ambasakkarapetavatthuvaṇṇanā

Vesālī nāma nagaratthi vajjīnanti idaṃ ambasakkarapetavatthu. Tassa kā uppatti? Bhagavati jetavane viharante ambasakkaro nāma licchavirājā micchādiṭṭhiko natthikavādo vesāliyaṃ rajjaṃ kāresi. Tena ca samayena vesālinagare aññatarassa vāṇijassa āpaṇasamīpe cikkhallaṃ hoti, tattha bahū janā uppatitvā atikkamantā kilamanti, keci kaddamena limpanti. Taṃ disvā so vāṇijo “mā ime manussā kalalaṃ akkamiṃsū”ti apagataduggandhaṃ saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgaṃ gosīsaṭṭhiṃ āharāpetvā nikkhipāpesi. Pakatiyā ca sīlavā ahosi akkodhano saṇhavāco, paresañca yathābhūtaṃ guṇaṃ kitteti.

So ekasmiṃ divase attano sahāyassa nhāyantassa pamādena anolokentassa nivāsanavatthaṃ kīḷādhippāyena apanidhāya taṃ dukkhāpetvā adāsi. Bhāgineyyo panassa corikāya paragehato bhaṇḍaṃ āharitvā tasseva āpaṇe nikkhipi. Bhaṇḍasāmikā vīmaṃsantā bhaṇḍena saddhiṃ tassa bhāgineyyaṃ tañca rañño dassesuṃ. Rājā “imassa sīsaṃ chindatha, bhāgineyyaṃ panassa sūle āropethā”ti āṇāpesi. Rājapurisā tathā akaṃsu. So kālaṃ katvā bhummadevesu uppajji. So gosīsena setuno katattā setavaṇṇaṃ dibbaṃ manojavaṃ assājānīyaṃ paṭilabhi, guṇavantānaṃ vaṇṇakathanena tassa gattato dibbagandho vāyati, sāṭakassa pana apanihitattā naggo ahosi. So attanā pubbe katakammaṃ olokento tadanusārena attano bhāgineyyaṃ sūle āropitaṃ disvā karuṇāya codiyamāno manojavaṃ assaṃ abhiruhitvā aḍḍharattisamaye tassa sūlā ropitaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā avidūre ṭhito “jīva, bho, jīvitameva seyyo”ti divase divase vadati.

Tena ca samayena ambasakkaro rājā hatthikkhandhavaragato nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonto aññatarasmiṃ gehe vātapānaṃ vivaritvā rājavibhūtiṃ passantiṃ ekaṃ itthiṃ disvā paṭibaddhacitto hutvā pacchāsane nisinnassa purisassa “imaṃ gharaṃ imañca itthiṃ upadhārehī”ti saññaṃ datvā anukkamena attano rājagehaṃ paviṭṭho taṃ purisaṃ pesesi– “gaccha, bhaṇe, tassā itthiyā sasāmikabhāvaṃ vā asāmikabhāvaṃ vā jānāhī”ti. So gantvā tassā sasāmikabhāvaṃ ñatvā rañño ārocesi. Rājā tassā itthiyā pariggahaṇūpāyaṃ cintento tassā sāmikaṃ pakkosāpetvā “ehi, bhaṇe, maṃ upaṭṭhāhī”ti āha. So anicchantopi “rājā attano vacanaṃ akaronte mayi rājadaṇḍaṃ kareyyā”ti bhayena rājupaṭṭhānaṃ sampaṭicchitvā divase divase rājupaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati. Rājāpi tassa bhattavetanaṃ dāpetvā katipayadivasātikkamena pātova upaṭṭhānaṃ āgataṃ evamāha– “gaccha, bhaṇe, amumhi ṭhāne ekā pokkharaṇī atthi, tato aruṇavaṇṇamattikaṃ rattuppalāni ca ānehi, sace ajjeva nāgaccheyyāsi, jīvitaṃ te natthī”ti. Tasmiñca gate dvārapālaṃ āha– “ajja anatthaṅgate eva sūriye sabbadvārāni thaketabbānī”ti.

Sā ca pokkharaṇī vesāliyā tiyojanamatthake hoti, tathāpi so puriso maraṇabhayatajjito vātavegena pubbaṇheyeva taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ sampāpuṇi. “Sā ca pokkharaṇī amanussapariggahitā”ti pageva sutattā bhayena so “atthi nu kho ettha koci parissayo”ti samantato anupariyāyati. Taṃ disvā pokkharaṇipālako amanusso karuṇāyamānarūpo manussarūpena upasaṅkamitvā “kimatthaṃ, bho purisa, idhāgatosī”ti āha. So tassa taṃ pavattiṃ kathesi. So “yadi evaṃ yāvadatthaṃ gaṇhāhī”ti attano dibbarūpaṃ dassetvā antaradhāyi.

So tattha aruṇavaṇṇamattikaṃ rattuppalāni ca gahetvā anatthaṅgateyeva sūriye nagaradvāraṃ sampāpuṇi. Taṃ disvā dvārapālo tassa viravantasseva dvāraṃ thakesi. So thakite dvāre pavesanaṃ alabhanto dvārasamīpe sūle āropitaṃ purisaṃ disvā “ete mayi anatthaṅgate eva sūriye āgate viravante evaṃ dvāraṃ thakesuṃ. ‘Ahaṃ kāleyeva āgato, mama dāso natthī’ti tayāpi ñātaṃ hotū”ti sakkhimakāsi. Taṃ sutvā so āha “ahaṃ sūle āvuto vajjho maraṇābhimukho, kathaṃ tava sakkhi homi. Eko panettha peto mahiddhiko mama samīpaṃ āgamissati, taṃ sakkhiṃ karohī”ti. “Kathaṃ pana so mayā daṭṭhabbo”ti? Idheva tvaṃ tiṭṭha, “sayameva dakkhissasī”ti. So tattha ṭhito majjhimayāme taṃ petaṃ āgataṃ disvā sakkhiṃ akāsi. Vibhātāya ca rattiyā raññā “mama āṇā tayā atikkantā, tasmā rājadaṇḍaṃ te karissāmī”ti vutte, deva, mayā tava āṇā nātikkantā, anatthaṅgate eva sūriye ahaṃ idhāgatoti. Tattha ko te sakkhīti? So tassa sūlāvutassa purisassa santike āgacchantaṃ naggapetaṃ “sakkhī”ti niddisitvā “kathametaṃ amhehi saddhātabban”ti raññā vutte “ajja rattiyaṃ tumhehi saddhātabbaṃ purisaṃ mayā saddhiṃ pesethā”ti āha. Taṃ sutvā rājā sayameva tena saddhiṃ tattha gantvā ṭhito petena ca tatthāgantvā “jīva, bho, jīvitameva seyyo”ti vutte taṃ “seyyā nisajjā nayimassa atthī”ti-ādinā pañcahi gāthāhi paṭipucchi. Idāni ādito pana “vesāli nāma nagaratthi vajjīnan”ti gāthā tāsaṃ sambandhadassanatthaṃ saṅgītikārehi ṭhapitā–

517. “Vesālī nāma nagaratthi vajjīnaṃ, tattha ahu licchavi ambasakkaro;

disvāna petaṃ nagarassa bāhiraṃ, tattheva pucchittha taṃ kāraṇatthiko.

518. “Seyyā nisajjā nayimassa atthi, abhikkamo natthi paṭikkamo ca;

asitapītakhāyitavatthabhogā, paricāraṇā sāpi imassa natthi.

519. “Ye ñātakā diṭṭhasutā suhajjā, anukampakā yassa ahesuṃ pubbe;

daṭṭhumpi te dāni na taṃ labhanti, virājitato hi janena tena.

520. “Na oggatattassa bhavanti mittā, jahanti mittā vikalaṃ viditvā;

atthañca disvā parivārayanti, bahū mittā uggatattassa honti.

521. “Nihīnatto sabbabhogehi kiccho, sammakkhito samparibhinnagatto;

ussāvabindūva palimpamānā, ajja suve jīvitassūparodho.

522. “Etādisaṃ uttamakicchappattaṃ,

uttāsitaṃ pucimandassa sūle;
atha tvaṃ kena vaṇṇena vadesi yakkha,
‘jīva bho jīvitameva seyyo”’ti.

517. Tattha tatthāti tassaṃ vesāliyaṃ. Nagarassa bāhiranti nagarassa bahi bhavaṃ, vesālinagarassa bahi eva jātaṃ pavattaṃ sambandhaṃ. Tatthevāti yattha taṃ passi, tattheva ṭhāne. Tanti taṃ petaṃ. Kāraṇatthikoti “jīva, bho, jīvitameva seyyo”ti vutta-atthassa kāraṇena atthiko hutvā.

518. Seyyā nisajjā nayimassa atthīti piṭṭhipasāraṇalakkhaṇā seyyā, pallaṅkābhujanalakkhaṇā nisajjā ca imassa sūle āropitapuggalassa natthi. Abhikkamo natthi paṭikkamo cāti abhikkamādilakkhaṇaṃ appamattakampi gamanaṃ imassa natthi. Paricārikā sāpīti yā asitapītakhāyitavatthaparibhogādilakkhaṇā indriyānaṃ paricāraṇā, sāpi imassa natthi. “Pariharaṇā sāpī”ti vā pāṭho, asitādiparibhogavasena indriyānaṃ pariharaṇā, sāpi imassa natthi vigatajīvitattāti attho. “Paricāraṇā sāpī”ti keci paṭhanti.

519. Diṭṭhasutā suhajjā, anukampakā yassa ahesuṃ pubbeti sandiṭṭhasahāyā ceva adiṭṭhasahāyā ca yassa mittā anuddayāvanto ye assa imassa pubbe ahesuṃ. Daṭṭhumpīti passitumpi na labhanti, kuto saha vasitunti attho. Virājitattoti pariccattasabhāvo. Janena tenāti tena ñāti-ādijanena.

520. Na oggatattassa bhavanti mittāti apagataviññāṇassa matassa mittā nāma na honti tassa mittehi kātabbakiccassa atikkantattā. Jahanti mittā vikalaṃ viditvāti mato tāva tiṭṭhatu, jīvantampi bhogavikalaṃ purisaṃ viditvā “na ito kiñci gayhūpagan”ti mittā pajahanti. Atthañca disvā parivārayantīti tassa pana santakaṃ atthaṃ dhanaṃ disvā piyavādino mukhullokikā hutvā taṃ parivārenti. Bahū mittā uggatattassa hontīti vibhavasampattiyā uggatasabhāvassa samiddhassa bahū anekā mittā honti, ayaṃ lokiyasabhāvoti attho.

521. Nihīnatto sabbabhogehīti sabbehi upabhogaparibhogavatthūhi parihīnatto. Kicchoti dukkhito. Sammakkhitoti ruhirehi sammakkhitasarīro. Samparibhinnagattoti sūlena abbhantare vidālitagatto. Ussāvabindūva palimpamānoti tiṇagge limpamāna-ussāvabindusadiso. Ajja suveti ajja vā suve vā imassa nāma purisassa jīvitassa uparodho nirodho, tato uddhaṃ nappavattatīti attho.

522. Uttāsitanti āvutaṃ āropitaṃ. Pucimandassa sūleti nimbarukkhassa daṇḍena katasūle Kena vaṇṇenāti kena kāraṇena. Jīva, bho, jīvitameva seyyoti, bho purisa, jīva. Kasmā? Sūlaṃ āropitassāpi hi te idha jīvitameva ito cutassa jīvitato satabhāgena sahassabhāgena seyyo sundarataroti.

Evaṃ tena raññā pucchito so peto attano adhippāyaṃ pakāsento–

523. “Sālohito esa ahosi mayhaṃ, ahaṃ sarāmi purimāya jātiyā;

disvā ca me kāruññamahosi rāja, mā pāpadhammo nirayaṃ patāyaṃ.

524. “Ito cuto licchavi esa poso, satthussadaṃ nirayaṃ ghorarūpaṃ;

upapajjati dukkaṭakammakārī, mahābhitāpaṃ kaṭukaṃ bhayānakaṃ.

525. “Anekabhāgena guṇena seyyo, ayameva sūlo nirayena tena;

ekantadukkhaṃ kaṭukaṃ bhayānakaṃ, ekantatibbaṃ nirayaṃ patāyaṃ.

526. “Idañca sutvā vacanaṃ mameso, dukkhūpanīto vijaheyya pāṇaṃ;

tasmā ahaṃ santike na bhaṇāmi, mā mekato jīvitassūparodho”ti.–

Catasso gāthā abhāsi.

523. Tattha sālohito samānalohito yonisambandhena sambandho, ñātakoti attho. Purimāya jātiyāti purimattabhāve. Mā pāpadhammo nirayaṃ patāyanti ayaṃ pāpadhammo puriso nirayaṃ mā pati, mā nirayaṃ upapajjīti imaṃ disvā me kāruññaṃ ahosīti yojanā.

524. Sattussadanti pāpakārīhi sattehi ussannaṃ, atha vā pañcavidhabandhanaṃ, mukhe tattalohasecanaṃ, aṅgārapabbatāropanaṃ, lohakumbhipakkhepanaṃ, asipattavanappavesanaṃ, vettaraṇiyaṃ samotaraṇaṃ, mahāniraye pakkhepoti. Imehi sattahi pañcavidhabandhanādīhi dāruṇakāraṇehi ussannaṃ, uparūpari nicitanti attho. Mahābhitāpanti mahādukkhaṃ, mahā-aggisantāpaṃ vā. Kaṭukanti aniṭṭhaṃ. Bhayānakanti bhayajanakaṃ.

525. Anekabhāgena guṇenāti anekakoṭṭhāsena ānisaṃsena. Ayameva sūlo nirayena tenāti tato imassa uppattiṭṭhānabhūtato nirayato ayameva sūlo seyyoti. Nissakke hi idaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ. Ekanta tibbanti ekanteneva tikhiṇadukkhaṃ, niyatamahādukkhanti attho.

526. Idañca sutvā vacanaṃ mamesoti “ito cuto”ti-ādinā vuttaṃ mama vacanaṃ sutvā eso puriso dukkhūpanīto mama vacanena nirayadukkhaṃ upanīto viya hutvā. Vijaheyya pāṇanti attano jīvitaṃ pariccajeyya. Tasmāti tena kāraṇena. Mā mekatoti “mayā ekato imassa purisassa jīvitassa uparodho mā hotū”ti imassa santike idaṃ vacanaṃ ahaṃ na bhaṇāmi, atha kho “jīva, bho, jīvitameva seyyo”ti idameva bhaṇāmīti adhippāyo.