Nidānagāthāvaṇṇanā

Evaṃ paricchinnaparimāṇāsu panetāsu theragāthā ādi. Tatthāpi–

“Sīhānaṃva nadantānaṃ, dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare;
suṇātha bhāvitattānaṃ, gāthā atthūpanāyikā”ti.

Ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle āyasmatā ānandena tesaṃ therānaṃ thomanatthaṃ bhāsitā gāthā ādi. Tattha sīhānanti sīhasaddo “sīho, bhikkhave, migarājā”ti-ādīsu (a. ni. 4.33) migarāje āgato. “Atha kho sīho senāpati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamī”ti-ādīsu (a. ni. 5.34) paññattiyaṃ. “Sīhoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā”ti-ādīsu (a. ni. 5.99; 10.21) tathāgate. Tattha yathā tathāgate sadisakappanāya āgato, evaṃ idhāpi sadisakappanāvaseneva veditabbo, tasmā sīhānaṃvāti sīhānaṃ iva. Sandhivasena saralopo “evaṃsa te”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.22) viya. Tattha ivāti nipātapadaṃ. Suṇāthāti ākhyātapadaṃ. Itarāni nāmapadāni. Sīhānaṃvāti ca sambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. Kāmañcettha sambandhī sarūpato na vutto, atthato pana vuttova hoti. Yathā hi “oṭṭhasseva mukhaṃ etassā”ti vutte oṭṭhassa mukhaṃ viya mukhaṃ etassāti ayamattho vutto eva hoti, evamidhāpi “sīhānaṃvā”ti vutte sīhānaṃ nādo viyāti ayamattho vutto eva hoti. Tattha mukhasaddasannidhānaṃ hotīti ce, idhāpi “nadantānan”ti padasannidhānato, tasmā sīhānaṃvāti nidassanavacanaṃ. Nadantānanti tassa nidassitabbena sambandhadassanaṃ. Dāṭhīnanti tabbisesanaṃ. Girigabbhareti tassa pavattiṭṭhānadassanaṃ. Suṇāthāti savane niyojanaṃ. Bhāvitattānanti sotabbassa pabhavadassanaṃ. Gāthāti sotabbavatthudassanaṃ. Atthupanāyikāti tabbisesanaṃ. Kāmañcettha “sīhānaṃ nadantānaṃ dāṭhīnan”ti pulliṅgavasena āgataṃ, liṅgaṃ pana parivattetvā “sīhīnan”ti-ādinā itthiliṅgavasenāpi attho veditabbo. Ekasesavasena vā sīhā ca sīhiyo ca sīhā, tesaṃ sīhānanti-ādinā sādhāraṇā hetā tisso nidānagāthā theragāthānaṃ therīgāthānañcāti.

Tattha sahanato hananato ca sīho. Yathā hi sīhassa migarañño balavisesayogato sarabhamigamattavaravāraṇāditopi parissayo nāma natthi, vātātapādiparissayampi so sahatiyeva, gocarāya pakkamantopi tejussadatāya mattagandhahatthivanamahiṃsādike samāgantvā abhīrū achambhī abhibhavati, abhibhavanto ca te aññadatthu hantvā tattha mudumaṃsāni bhakkhayitvā sukheneva viharati, evametepi mahātherā ariyabalavisesayogena sabbesampi parissayānaṃ sahanato, rāgādisaṃkilesabalassa abhibhavitvā hananato pajahanato tejussadabhāvena kutocipi abhīrū achambhī jhānādisukhena viharantīti sahanato hananato ca sīhā viyāti sīhā. Saddatthato pana yathā kantanatthena ādi-antavipallāsato takkaṃ vuccati, evaṃ hiṃsanaṭṭhena sīho veditabbo. Tathā sahanaṭṭhena. Pisodarādipakkhepena niruttinayena pana vuccamāne vattabbameva natthi.

Atha vā yathā migarājā kesarasīho attano tejussadatāya ekacārī viharati, na kañci sahāyaṃ paccāsīsati, evametepi tejussadatāya vivekābhiratiyā ca ekacārinoti ekacariyaṭṭhenapi sīhā viyāti sīhā, tenāha– bhagavā “sīhaṃvekacaraṃ nāgan”ti (saṃ. ni. 1.30; su. ni. 168).

Atha vā asantāsanajavaparakkamādivisesayogato sīhā viyāti sīhā, ete mahātherā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā–

“Dveme, bhikkhave, asaniyā phalantiyā na santasanti, katameva dve? Bhikkhu ca khīṇāsavo sīho ca migarājā”ti (a. ni. 2.60).

Javopi sīhassa aññehi asādhāraṇo, tathā parakkamo. Tathā hi so usabhasatampi laṅghitvā vanamahiṃsādīsu nipatati, potakopi samāno pabhinnamadānampi mattavaravāraṇānaṃ paṭimānaṃ bhinditvā dantakaḷīraṃva khādati. Etesaṃ pana ariyamaggajavo iddhijavo ca aññehi asādhāraṇo, sammappadhānaparakkamo ca niratisayo. Tasmā sīhānaṃvāti sīhasadisānaṃ viya. Sīhassa cettha hīnūpamatā daṭṭhabbā, accantavisiṭṭhassa sahanādi-atthassa theresveva labbhanato.

Nadantānanti gajjantānaṃ. Gocaraparakkamatuṭṭhivelādīsu hi yathā sīhā attano āsayato nikkhamitvā vijambhitvā sīhanādaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadanti, evaṃ etepi visayajjhattapaccavekkhaṇa-udānādikālesu imaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ– “sīhānaṃva nadantānan”ti. Dāṭhīnanti dāṭhāvantānaṃ. Pasaṭṭhadāṭhīnaṃ, atisayadāṭhānanti vā attho. Yathā hi sīhā ativiya daḷhānaṃ tikkhānañca catunnaṃ dāṭhānaṃ balena paṭipakkhaṃ abhibhavitvā attano manorathaṃ matthakaṃ pūrenti, evametepi catunnaṃ ariyamaggadāṭhānaṃ balena anādimati saṃsāre anabhibhūtapubbapaṭipakkhaṃ abhibhavitvā attano manorathaṃ matthakaṃ pāpesuṃ. Idhāpi dāṭhā viyāti dāṭhāti sadisakappanāvaseneva attho veditabbo.

Girigabbhareti pabbataguhāyaṃ, samīpatthe bhummavacanaṃ. “Girigavhare”ti keci paṭhanti. Pabbatesu vanagahane vanasaṇḍeti attho. Idaṃ pana nesaṃ virocanaṭṭhānadassanañceva sīhanādassa yogyabhūmidassanañca. Nadantānaṃ girigabbhareti yojanā. Yathā hi sīhā yebhuyyena girigabbhare aññehi durāsadatāya janavivitte vasantā attano dassanena uppajjanakassa khuddakamigasantāsassa pariharaṇatthaṃ gocaragamane sīhanādaṃ nadanti, evametepi aññehi durāsadagirigabbharasadiseva suññāgārevasantā guṇehi khuddakānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ taṇhādiṭṭhiparittāsaparivajjanatthaṃ vakkhamānagāthāsaṅkhātaṃ abhītanādaṃ nadiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ “sīhānaṃva nadantānaṃ, dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare”ti.

Suṇāthāti savanāṇattikavacanaṃ, tena vakkhamānānaṃ gāthānaṃ sannipatitāya parisāya sotukāmataṃ uppādento savane ādaraṃ janeti, ussāhaṃ samuṭṭhāpento gāravaṃ bahumānañca upaṭṭhapeti. Atha vā “sīhānan”ti-ādīnaṃ padānaṃ sadisakappanāya vinā mukhyavaseneva attho veditabbo. Tasmā daḷhatikkhabhāvena pasaṭṭhātisayadāṭhatāya dāṭhīnaṃ girigabbhare nadantānaṃ sīhagajjitaṃ gajjantānaṃ sīhānaṃ migarājūnaṃ viya tesaṃ abhītanādasadisā gāthā suṇāthāti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti– “yathā sīhanādaṃ nadantānaṃ sīhānaṃ migarājūnaṃ kutocipi bhayābhāvato so abhītanādo tadaññamigasantāsakaro, evaṃ bhāvitattānaṃ appamattānaṃ therānaṃ sīhanādasadisiyo sabbaso bhayahetūnaṃ suppahīnattā abhītanādabhūtā, pamattajanasantāsakarā gāthā suṇāthā”ti.

Bhāvitattānanti bhāvitacittānaṃ. Cittañhi “attā hi kira duddamo (dha. pa. 159) yo ve ṭhitatto tasaraṃva ujjū”ti (su. ni. 217) ca “attasammāpaṇidhī”ti (khu. pā. 5.4; su. ni. 263) ca evamādīsu attāti vuccati, tasmā adhicittānuyogena samathavipassanābhivaḍḍhitacittānaṃ samathavipassanābhāvanāmatthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhitānanti attho. Atha vā bhāvitattānanti bhāvitasabhāvānaṃ, sabhāvabhūtasīlādibhāvitānanti attho. Gīyatīti gāthā, anuṭṭhubhādivasena isīhi pavattitaṃ catuppadaṃ chappadaṃ vā vacanaṃ. Aññesampi taṃsadisatāya tathā vuccanti. Attatthādibhede atthe upanenti tesu vā upaniyyantīti atthūpanāyikā.

Atha vā bhāvitattānanti bhāvitattābhāvānaṃ, attabhāvo hi āhito ahaṃ māno etthāti “attā”ti vuccati, so ca tehi appamādabhāvanāya anavajjabhāvanāya bhāvito sammadeva guṇagandhaṃ gāhāpito. Tena tesaṃ kāyabhāvanā sīlabhāvanā cittabhāvanā paññābhāvanāti catunnampi bhāvanānaṃ paripuṇṇabhāvaṃ dasseti. “Bhāvanā”ti ca sambodhipaṭipadā idhādhippetā. Yāyaṃ saccasambodhi atthi, sā duvidhā abhisamayato tadatthato ca. Sambodhi pana tividhā sammāsambodhi paccekasambodhi sāvakasambodhīti. Tattha sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ bujjhanato bodhanato ca sammāsambodhi. Sabbaññutaññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ maggañāṇaṃ maggañāṇapadaṭṭhānañca sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ “sammāsambodhī”ti vuccati. Tenāha–

“Buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāvan”ti (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.161).

Bodhaneyyabodhanattho hi balesu vasībhāvo. Paccekaṃ sayameva bodhīti paccekasambodhi, ananubuddho sayambhūñāṇena saccābhisamayoti attho. Sammāsambuddhānañhi sayambhūñāṇatāya sayameva pavattamānopi saccābhisamayo sānubuddho aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ saccābhisamayassa hetubhāvato. Imesaṃ pana so ekassāpi sattassa saccābhisamayahetu na hoti. Satthu dhammadesanāya savanante jātāti sāvakā. Sāvakānaṃ saccābhisamayo sāvakasambodhi. Tividhāpesā tiṇṇaṃ bodhisattānaṃ yathāsakaṃ āgamanīyapaṭipadāya matthakappattiyā satipaṭṭhānādīnaṃ sattatiṃsāya bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ bhāvanāpāripūrīti veditabbā itarābhisamayānaṃ tadavinābhāvato. Na hi sacchikiriyābhisamayena vinā bhāvanābhisamayo sambhavati, sati ca bhāvanābhisamaye pahānābhisamayo pariññābhisamayo ca siddhoyeva hotīti.

Yadā hi mahābodhisatto paripūritabodhisambhāro carimabhave katapubbakicco bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha– “na tāvimaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi, yāva na me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccissatī”ti paṭiññaṃ katvā aparājitapallaṅke nisinno asampattāya eva sañjhāvelāya mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā purimayāme pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇena anekākāravokāre pubbe nivutthakkhandhe anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuvisodhanena cutūpapātañāṇa-anāgataṃsañāṇāni adhigantvā pacchimayāme “kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraṇaṃ nappajānāti jarāmaraṇassā”ti-ādinā (dī. ni. 2.57) jarāmaraṇato paṭṭhāya paṭiccasamuppādamukhena vipassanaṃ abhinivisitvā mahāgahanaṃ chindituṃ nisadasilāyaṃ pharasuṃ nisento viya kilesagahanaṃ chindituṃ lokanātho ñāṇapharasuṃ tejento buddhabhāvāya hetusampattiyā paripākaṃ gatattā sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamāya vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpento antarantarā nānāsamāpattiyo samāpajjitvā yathāvavatthāpite nāmarūpe tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā anupadadhammavipassanāvasena anekākāravokārasaṅkhāre sammasanto chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena sammasanavāraṃ vitthāretvā tattha mahāvajirañāṇasaṅkhāte vipassanāñāṇe tikkhe sūre pasanne vuṭṭhānagāminibhāvena pavattamāne yadā taṃ maggena ghaṭeti, tadā maggapaṭipāṭiyā diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ khepento aggamaggakkhaṇe sammāsambodhiṃ adhigacchati nāma, aggaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya adhigato nāma. Sammāsambuddhabhāvato dasabalacatuvesārajjādayopi tassa tadā hatthagatāyeva hontīti ayaṃ tāva abhisamayato sammāsambodhipaṭipadā. Tadatthato pana mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya yāva tusitabhavane nibbatti, etthantare pavattaṃ bodhisambhārasambharaṇaṃ. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ sabbākārasampannaṃ cariyāpiṭakavaṇṇanāyaṃ vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ.

Paccekabodhisattāpi paccekabodhiyā katābhinīhārā anupubbena sambhatapaccekasambodhisambhārā tādise kāle carimattabhāve ṭhitā ñāṇassa paripākagatabhāvena upaṭṭhitaṃ saṃveganimittaṃ gahetvā savisesaṃ bhavādīsu ādīnavaṃ disvā sayambhūñāṇena pavatti pavattihetuṃ nivatti nivattihetuñca paricchinditvā “so ‘idaṃ dukkhan’ti yoniso manasi karotī”ti-ādinā āgatanayena catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ paribrūhentā attano abhinīhārānurūpaṃ saṅkhāre parimaddantā anukkamena vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā aggamaggaṃ adhigacchantā paccekasambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanti nāma, aggaphalakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya paccekasambuddhā nāma hutvā sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyā honti.