10. Sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Te me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappāti āyasmato sīvalittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle heṭṭhā vuttanayena vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ lābhīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā “mayāpi anāgate evarūpena bhavituṃ vaṭṭatī”ti dasabalaṃ nimantetvā sattāhaṃ satthu bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahādānaṃ datvā “bhagavā ahaṃ iminā adhikārakammena aññaṃ sampattiṃ na patthemi, anāgate pana ekabuddhassa sāsane ahampi tumhehi so etadagge ṭhapitabhikkhu viya lābhīnaṃ aggo bhaveyyan”ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Satthā anantarāyaṃ disvā– “ayaṃ te patthanā anāgate gotamabuddhassa santike samijjhissatī”ti byākaritvā pakkāmi. Sopi kulaputto yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto vipassībuddhakāle bandhumatīnagarato avidūre ekasmiṃ gāmake paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Tasmiṃ samaye bandhumatīnagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ sākacchitvā dasabalassa dānaṃ denti. Te ekadivasaṃ sabbeva ekato hutvā dānaṃ dentā “kiṃ nu kho amhākaṃ dānamukhe natthī”ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207) madhuñca guḷadadhiñca na addasaṃsu. Te “yato kutoci āharissāmā”ti janapadato nagarapavisanamagge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ. Tadā esa kulaputto attano gāmato guḷadadhivārakaṃ gahetvā, “kiñcideva āharissāmī”ti nagaraṃ gacchanto, “mukhaṃ dhovitvā dhotahatthapādo pavisissāmī”ti phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento naṅgalasīsamattaṃ nimmakkhikaṃ daṇḍakamadhuṃ disvā “puññena me idaṃ uppannan”ti gahetvā nagaraṃ pāvisi. Nāgarehi ṭhapitapuriso taṃ disvā, “bho purisa, kassimaṃ āharasī”ti pucchi. “Na kassaci, sāmi, vikkiṇituṃ pana me idaṃ ābhatan”ti. “Tena hi, bho, idaṃ kahāpaṇaṃ gahetvā etaṃ madhuñca guḷadadhiñca dehī”ti. So cintesi– “idaṃ na bahumūlaṃ, ayañca ekappahāreneva bahuṃ deti, vīmaṃsituṃ vaṭṭatī”ti. Tato naṃ “nāhaṃ ekena kahāpaṇena demī”ti āha. “Yadi evaṃ dve gahetvā dehī”ti. “Dvīhipi na demī”ti. Etenupāyena vaḍḍhetvā sahassaṃ pāpuṇi.

So cintesi– “ativaḍḍhituṃ na vaṭṭati, hotu tāva iminā kattabbakiccaṃ pucchissāmī”ti. Atha naṃ āha– “idaṃ na bahuṃ agghanakaṃ, tvañca bahuṃ desi, kena kammena idaṃ gaṇhāsī”ti. “Idha, bho, nagaravāsino raññā saddhiṃ paṭivirujjhitvā vipassīdasabalassa dānaṃ dentā idaṃ dvayaṃ dānamukhe apassantā pariyesanti, sace idaṃ dvayaṃ na labhissanti, nāgarānaṃ parājayo bhavissati, tasmā sahassaṃ katvā gaṇhāmī”ti. “Kiṃ panetaṃ nāgarānameva vaṭṭati, aññesaṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭatī”ti. “Yassa kassaci dātuṃ avāritametan”ti. “Atthi pana koci nāgarānaṃ dāne ekadivasaṃ sahassaṃ dātā”ti? “Natthi, sammā”ti. “Imesaṃ pana dvinnaṃ sahassagghanakabhāvaṃ jānāsī”ti? “Āma, jānāmī”ti. “Tena hi gaccha, nāgarānaṃ ācikkha ‘eko puriso imāni dve mūlena na deti sahattheneva dātukāmo, tumhe imesaṃ dvinnaṃ kāraṇā nibbitakkā hothā’ti, tvaṃ pana me imasmiṃ dānamukhe jeṭṭhakabhāvassa kāyasakkhī hohī”ti. So paribbayatthaṃ gahitamāsakena pañcakaṭukaṃ gahetvā cuṇṇaṃ katvā dadhito kañjiyaṃ gahetvā tattha madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā pañcakaṭukacuṇṇena yojetvā ekasmiṃ paduminipatte pakkhipitvā taṃ saṃvidahitvā ādāya dasabalassa avidūraṭṭhāne nisīdi mahājanena āhariyamānassa sakkārassa avidūre attano pattavāraṃ olokayamāno, so okāsaṃ ñatvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhagavā ayaṃ uppannaduggatapaṇṇākāro, imaṃ me anukampaṃ paṭicca paṭiggaṇhathāti. Satthā tassa anukampaṃ paṭicca catumahārājadattiyena selamayapattena taṃ paṭiggahetvā yathā aṭṭhasaṭṭhiyā bhikkhusatasahassassa diyyamānaṃ na khīyati, evaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi. So kulaputto niṭṭhitabhattakiccaṃ bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito āha– “diṭṭho me, bhagavā, ajja bandhumatīnagaravāsikehi tumhākaṃ sakkāro āhariyamāno, ahampi imassa kammassa nissandena nibbattanibbattabhave lābhaggayasaggappatto bhaveyyan”ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.207). Satthā, “evaṃ hotu, kulaputtā”ti vatvā tassa ca nagaravāsīnañca bhattānumodanaṃ katvā pakkāmi.

Sopi kulaputto yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde suppavāsāya rājadhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Paṭisandhiggahaṇato paṭṭhāya sāyaṃ pātañca paṇṇākārasatāni sakaṭenādāya suppavāsāya upanīyanti. Atha naṃ puññavīmaṃsanatthaṃ hatthena bījapacchiṃ phusāpenti. Ekekabījato salākasatampi salākasahassampi niggacchati. Ekekakarīsakhette paṇṇāsampi saṭṭhipi sakaṭappamāṇāni uppajjanti. Koṭṭhe pūraṇakālepi koṭṭhadvāraṃ hatthena phusāpenti. Rājadhītāya puññena gaṇhantānaṃ gahitagahitaṭṭhānaṃ puna pūrati. Paripuṇṇabhattabhājanatopi “rājadhītāya puññan”ti vatvā yassa kassaci dentānaṃ yāva na ukkaḍḍhanti, na tāva bhattaṃ khīyati, dārake kucchigateyeva sattavassāni atikkamiṃsu.

Gabbhe pana paripakke sattāhaṃ mahādukkhaṃ anubhosi. Sā sāmikaṃ āmantetvā, “pure maraṇā jīvamānāva dānaṃ dassāmī”ti satthu santikaṃ pesesi– “gaccha, imaṃ pavattiṃ satthu ārocetvā satthāraṃ nimantehi, yañca satthā vadeti, taṃ sādhukaṃ upalakkhetvā āgantvā mayhaṃ kathehī”ti. So gantvā tassā sāsanaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Satthā, “sukhinī hotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā arogā, arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū”ti (udā. 18) āha. Rājā taṃ sutvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā attano gāmābhimukho pāyāsi. Tassa pure āgamanāyeva suppavāsāya kucchito dhamakaraṇā udakaṃ viya gabbho nikkhami, parivāretvā nisinnajano assumukhova hasituṃ āraddho tuṭṭhapahaṭṭho mahājano rañño sāsanaṃ ārocetuṃ agamāsi.

Rājā tesaṃ āgamanaṃ disvāva, “dasabalena kathitakathā nipphannā bhavissati maññe”ti cintesi. So āgantvā satthu sāsanaṃ rājadhītāya ārocesi. Rājadhītā tayā nimantitaṃ jīvitabhattameva maṅgalabhattaṃ bhavissati, gaccha sattāhaṃ dasabalaṃ nimantehīti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ pavattayiṃsu. Dārako sabbesaṃ ñātīnaṃ santattaṃ cittaṃ nibbāpento jātoti sīvalidārakotvevassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So sattavassāni gabbhe vasitattā jātakālato paṭṭhāya sabbakammakkhamo ahosi. Dhammasenāpati sāriputto sattame divase tena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpaṃ akāsi. Satthāpi dhammapade gāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Yomaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ, saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;
tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī, anejo akathaṃkathī;
anupādāya nibbuto, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇan”ti. (Dha. pa. 414).

Atha naṃ thero evamāha– “kiṃ pana tayā evarūpaṃ dukkharāsiṃ anubhavitvā pabbajituṃ na vaṭṭatī”ti? “Labhamāno pabbajeyyaṃ, bhante”ti. Suppavāsā naṃ dārakaṃ therena saddhiṃ kathentaṃ disvā “kiṃ nu kho me putto dhammasenāpatinā saddhiṃ kathetī”ti theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchi– “mayhaṃ putto tumhehi saddhiṃ kiṃ katheti, bhante”ti? “Attanā anubhūtaṃ gabbhavāsadukkhaṃ kathetvā, ‘tumhehi anuññāto pabbajissāmī’ti vadatī”ti. “Sādhu bhante, pabbājetha nan”ti. Thero taṃ vihāraṃ netvā tacapañcakakammaṭṭhānaṃ datvā pabbājento “sīvali, na tuyhaṃ aññena ovādena kammaṃ atthi, tayā satta vassāni anubhūtadukkhameva paccavekkhāhī”ti. “Bhante, pabbājanameva tumhākaṃ bhāro, yaṃ pana mayā kātuṃ sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmī”ti. So pana paṭhamakesavaṭṭiyā ohāraṇakkhaṇeyeva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, dutiyāya ohāraṇakkhaṇe sakadāgāmiphale, tatiyāya anāgāmiphale sabbesaṃyeva pana kesānaṃ oropanañca arahattasacchikiriyā ca apacchā apurimā ahosi. Tassa pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhusaṅghassa cattāro paccayā yāvaticchakaṃ uppajjanti. Evaṃ ettha vatthu samuṭṭhitaṃ.

Aparabhāge satthā sāvatthiṃ agamāsi. Thero satthāraṃ abhivādetvā, “bhante, mayhaṃ puññaṃ vīmaṃsissāmi, pañca me bhikkhusatāni dethā”ti āha. “Gaṇha sīvalī”ti. So pañcasate bhikkhū gahetvā himavantābhimukhaṃ gacchanto aṭavimaggaṃ gacchati, tassa paṭhamaṃ diṭṭhanigrodhe adhivatthā devatā sattadivasāni dānaṃ adāsi. Iti so–

“Nigrodhaṃ paṭhamaṃ passi, dutiyaṃ paṇḍavapabbataṃ;
tatiyaṃ aciravatiyaṃ, catutthaṃ varasāgaraṃ.
“Pañcamaṃ himavantaṃ so, chaṭṭhaṃ chaddantupāgami;
sattamaṃ gandhamādanaṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ atha revatan”ti.

Sabbaṭṭhānesu satta satta divasāneva dānaṃ adaṃsu. Gandhamādanapabbate pana nāgadattadevarājā nāma sattasu divasesu ekadivase khīrapiṇḍapātaṃ adāsi, ekadivase sappipiṇḍapātaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅgho āha– “imassa devarañño neva dhenuyo duyhamānā paññāyanti, na dadhinimmathanaṃ kuto te devarāja idaṃ uppajjatī”ti. “Bhante kassapadasabalassa kāle khīrasalākabhattadānassetaṃ phalan”ti devarājā āha. Aparabhāge satthā khadiravaniyarevatassa paccuggamanaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ attano sāsane lābhaggayasaggappattānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.

Evaṃ lābhaggayasaggappattassa pana imassa therassa arahattappattiṃ ekacce ācariyā evaṃ vadanti– “heṭṭhā vuttanayena dhammasenāpatinā ovāde dinne yaṃ mayā kātuṃ sakkā, tamahaṃ jānissāmīti pabbajitvā vipassanākammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā taṃ divasaṃyeva aññataraṃ vivittaṃ kuṭikaṃ disvā taṃ pavisitvā mātukucchismiṃ satta vassāni attanā anubhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ anussaritvā tadanusārena atītānāgate tassa avekkhantassa ādittā viya tayo bhavā upaṭṭhahiṃsu. Ñāṇassa paripākaṃ gatattā vipassanāvīthiṃ otari, tāvadeva maggappaṭipāṭiyā sabbepi āsave khepento arahattaṃ pāpuṇī”ti. Ubhayathāpi therassa arahattappattiyeva pakāsitā. Thero pana pabhinnapaṭisambhido chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.12.31-39)–

“Varuṇo nāma nāmena, devarājā ahaṃ tadā;
upaṭṭhahesiṃ sambuddhaṃ, sayoggabalavāhano.
“Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;
tūriyaṃ sabbamādāya, agamaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
“Vāditena ca naccena, sammatāḷasamāhito;
sammukhā viya sambuddhaṃ, upaṭṭhiṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
“Upaṭṭhahitvā taṃ bodhiṃ, dharaṇīruhapādapaṃ;
pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāna, tattha kālaṅkato ahaṃ.
“Sakakammābhiraddhohaṃ, pasanno bodhimuttame;
tena cittappasādena, nimmānaṃ upapajjahaṃ.
“Saṭṭhitūriyasahassāni, parivārenti maṃ sadā;
manussesu ca devesu, vattamānaṃ bhavābhave.
“Tividhaggī nibbutā mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
“Subāhū nāma nāmena, catuttiṃsāsu khattiyā;
sattaratanasampannā, pañcakappasate ito.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedanena pītivegena udānento “te me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappā”ti gāthaṃ abhāsi;

60. tattha te me ijjhiṃsu saṅkappā, yadattho pāvisiṃ kuṭiṃ, vijjāvimuttiṃ paccesanti ye pubbe mayā kāmasaṅkappādīnaṃ samucchedakarā nekkhammasaṅkappādayo abhipatthitāyeva “kadā nu khvāhaṃ tadāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharissāmi, yadariyā etarahi upasampajja viharantī”ti, vimuttādhippāyasaññitā vimuttiṃ uddissa saṅkappā manorathā abhiṇhaso appamattā yadattho yaṃpayojano yesaṃ nipphādanatthaṃ kuṭiṃ suññāgāraṃ vipassituṃ pāvisiṃ tisso vijjā phalavimuttiñca paccesanto, gavesanto te me ijjhiṃsu te sabbeva idāni mayhaṃ ijjhiṃsu samijjhiṃsu, nipphannakusalasaṅkappo paripuṇṇamanoratho jātoti attho; tesaṃ samiddhabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ “mānānusayamujjahan”ti vuttaṃ; yasmā mānānusayamujjahaṃ pajahiṃ samucchindiṃ, tasmā te me saṅkappā ijjhiṃsūti yojanā; mānānusaye hi pahīne appahīno nāma anusayo natthi, arahattañca adhigatameva hotīti mānānusayappahānaṃ yathāvuttasaṅkappasamiddhiyā kāraṇaṃ katvā vuttaṃ;

sīvalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;

chaṭṭhavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;