6. Chakkanipāto

1. Uruvelakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Chakkanipāte disvāna pāṭihīrānīti-ādikā āyasmato uruvelakassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā, vayappatto satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ mahāparisānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā, sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā mahādānaṃ datvā paṇidhānamakāsi. Bhagavā cassa anantarāyataṃ disvā, “anāgate gotamabuddhassa sāsane mahāparisānaṃ aggo bhavissatī”ti byākāsi.

So tattha yāvajīvaṃ puññāni katvā tato cavitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto ito dvānavutikappamatthake phussassa bhagavato vemātikakaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatti. Aññepissa dve kaniṭṭhabhātaro ahesuṃ. Te tayopi buddhappamukhaṃ saṅghaṃ paramāya pūjāya pūjetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato nibbattito puretarameva bārāṇasiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule bhātaro hutvā, anukkamena nibbattā gottavasena tayopi kassapā eva nāma jātā. Te vayappattā tayo vede uggaṇhiṃsu. Tesaṃ jeṭṭhabhātikassa pañca māṇavakasatāni parivāro, majjhimassa tīṇi, kaniṭṭhassa dve. Te attano ganthe sāraṃ olokentā diṭṭhadhammikameva atthaṃ disvā pabbajjaṃ rocesuṃ. Tesu jeṭṭhabhātā attano parivārena saddhiṃ uruvelaṃ gantvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā uruvelakassapo nāma jāto mahāgaṅgānadīvaṅke pabbajito nadīkassapo nāma jāto, gayāsīse pabbajito gayākassapo nāma jāto.

Evaṃ tesu isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā tattha tattha vasantesu bahūnaṃ divasānaṃ accayena amhākaṃ bodhisatto mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā, paṭividdhasabbaññutaññāṇo anukkamena dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā, pañcavaggiyatthere arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā yasappamukhe pañcapaññāsa sahāyake vinetvā saṭṭhi arahante “caratha, bhikkhave, cārikan”ti vissajjetvā, bhaddavaggiye vinetvā uruvelakassapassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā vasanatthāya agyāgāraṃ pavisitvā tattha katanāgadamanaṃ ādiṃ katvā aḍḍhuḍḍhasahassehi pāṭihāriyehi uruvelakassapaṃ saparisaṃ vinetvā pabbājesi. Tassa pabbajitabhāvaṃ ñatvā itarepi dve bhātaro saparisā āgantvā satthu santike pabbajiṃsu. Sabbeva ehibhikkhū iddhimayapattacīvaradharā ahesuṃ.

Satthā taṃ samaṇasahassaṃ ādāya gayāsīsaṃ gantvā piṭṭhipāsāṇe nisinno ādittapariyāyadesanāya sabbe arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.251-295)–

“Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbalokavidū muni;
ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji cakkhumā.
“Ovādako viññāpako, tārako sabbapāṇinaṃ;
desanākusalo buddho, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
“Anukampako kāruṇiko, hitesī sabbapāṇinaṃ;
sampatte titthiye sabbe, pañcasīle patiṭṭhapi.
“Evaṃ nirākulaṃ āsi, suññataṃ titthiyehi ca;
vicittaṃ arahantehi, vasībhūtehi tādibhi.
“Ratanānaṭṭhapaññāsaṃ, uggato so mahāmuni;
kañcanagghiyasaṅkāso, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo.
“Vassasatasahassāni, āyu vijjati tāvade;
tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
“Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyā, brāhmaṇo sādhusammato;
upecca lokapajjotaṃ, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ.
“Tadā mahāparisatiṃ, mahāparisasāvakaṃ;
ṭhapentaṃ etadaggamhi, sutvāna mudito ahaṃ.
“Mahatā parivārena, nimantetvā mahājinaṃ;
brāhmaṇānaṃ sahassena, sahadānamadāsahaṃ.
“Mahādānaṃ daditvāna, abhivādiya nāyakaṃ;
ekamantaṃ ṭhito haṭṭho, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
“Tayi saddhāya me vīra, adhikāraguṇena ca;
parisā mahatī hotu, nibbattassa tahiṃ tahiṃ.
“Tadā avoca parisaṃ, gajagajjitasussaro;
karavīkaruto satthā, etaṃ passatha brāhmaṇaṃ.
“Hemavaṇṇaṃ mahābāhuṃ, kamalānanalocanaṃ;
udaggatanujaṃ haṭṭhaṃ, saddhavantaṃ guṇe mama.
“Esa patthayate ṭhānaṃ, sīhaghosassa bhikkhuno;
anāgatamhi addhāne, lacchase taṃ manorathaṃ.
“Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
kassapo nāma gottena, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Ito dvenavute kappe, ahu satthā anuttaro;
anūpamo asadiso, phusso lokagganāyako.
“So ca sabbaṃ tamaṃ hantvā, vijaṭetvā mahājaṭaṃ;
vassate amataṃ vuṭṭhiṃ, tappayanto sadevakaṃ.
“Tadā hi bārāṇasiyaṃ, rājāpaccā ahumhase;
bhātaromha tayo sabbe, saṃvisaṭṭhāva rājino.
“Vīraṅgarūpā balino, saṅgāme aparājitā;
tadā kupitapaccanto, amhe āha mahīpati.
“Etha gantvāna paccantaṃ, sodhetvā aṭṭavībalaṃ;
khemaṃ vijiritaṃ katvā, puna dethāti bhāsatha.
“Tato mayaṃ avocumha, yadi deyyāsi nāyakaṃ;
upaṭṭhānāya amhākaṃ, sādhayissāma vo tato.
“Tato mayaṃ laddhavarā, bhūmipālena pesitā;
nikkhittasatthaṃ paccantaṃ, katvā punarupecca taṃ.
“Yācitvā satthupaṭṭhānaṃ, rājānaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
munivīraṃ labhitvāna, yāvajīvaṃ yajimha taṃ.
“Mahagghāni ca vatthāni, paṇītāni rasāni ca;
senāsanāni rammāni, bhesajjāni hitāni ca.
“Datvā sasaṅghamunino, dhammenuppāditāni no;
sīlavanto kāruṇikā, bhāvanāyuttamānasā.
“Saddhā paricaritvāna, mettacittena nāyakaṃ;
nibbute tamhi lokagge, pūjaṃ katvā yathābalaṃ.
“Tato cutā santusitaṃ, gatā tattha mahāsukhaṃ;
anubhūtā mayaṃ sabbe, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Māyākāro yathā raṅge, dassesi vikatiṃ bahuṃ;
tathā bhave bhamantohaṃ, videhādhipatī ahuṃ.
“Guṇācelassa vākyena, micchādiṭṭhigatāsayo;
narakaṃ maggamārūḷho, rucāya mama dhītuyā.
“Ovādaṃ nādiyitvāna, brahmunā nāradenahaṃ;
bahudhā saṃsito santo, diṭṭhiṃ hitvāna pāpikaṃ.
“Pūrayitvā visesena, dasa kammapathānihaṃ;
hitvāna dehamagamiṃ, saggaṃ sabhavanaṃ yathā.
“Pacchime bhave sampatte, brahmabandhu ahosahaṃ;
bārāṇasiyaṃ phītāyaṃ, jāto vippamahākule.
“Maccubyādhijarābhīto, ogāhetvā mahāvanaṃ;
nibbānaṃ padamesanto, jaṭilesu paribbajiṃ.
“Tadā dve bhātaro mayhaṃ, pabbajiṃsu mayā saha;
uruvelāyaṃ māpetvā, assamaṃ nivasiṃ ahaṃ.
“Kassapo nāma gottena, uruvelanivāsiko;
tato me āsi paññatti, uruvelakassapo iti.
“Nadīsakāse bhātā me, nadīkassapasavhayo;
āsī sakāsanāmena, gayāyaṃ gayākassapo.
“Dve satāni kaniṭṭhassa, tīṇi, majjhassa bhātuno;
mama pañca satānūnā, sissā sabbe mamānugā.
“Tadā upecca maṃ buddho, katvāna vividhāni me;
pāṭihīrāni lokaggo, vinesi narasārathi.
“Sahassaparivārena, ahosiṃ ehibhikkhuko;
teheva saha sabbehi, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
“Te cevaññe ca bahavo, sissā maṃ parivārayuṃ;
bhāsituñca samatthohaṃ, tato maṃ isisattamo.
“Mahāparisabhāvasmiṃ, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ;
aho buddhe kataṃ kāraṃ, saphalaṃ me ajāyatha.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā sīhanādaṃ nadanto–

375. “disvāna pāṭihīrāni, gotamassa yasassino;

na tāvāhaṃ paṇipatiṃ, issāmānena vañcito.

376. “Mama saṅkappamaññāya, codesi narasārathi;

tato me āsi saṃvego, abbhuto lomahaṃsano.

377. “Pubbe jaṭilabhūtassa, yā me siddhi parittikā;

tāhaṃ tadā nirākatvā, pabbajiṃ jinasāsane.

378. “Pubbe yaññena santuṭṭho, kāmadhātupurakkhato;

pacchā rāgañca dosañca, mohañcāpi samūhaniṃ.

379. “Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;

iddhimā paracittaññū, dibbasotañca pāpuṇiṃ.

380. “Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

so me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo”ti.–

Imā cha gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha disvāna pāṭihīrānīti nāgarājadamanādīni aḍḍhuḍḍhasahassāni pāṭihāriyāni disvā. “Pāṭihīraṃ, pāṭiheraṃ, pāṭihāriyan”ti hi atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Yasassino”ti “itipi so bhagavā”ti-ādinā sadevake loke yathābhuccaṃ patthaṭakittisaddassa. Na tāvāhaṃ paṇipatinti yāva maṃ bhagavā “neva kho tvaṃ, kassapa, arahā, nāpi arahattamaggaṃ samāpanno, sāpi te paṭipadā natthi, yāya tvaṃ arahā vā assa, arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno”ti na tajjesi, tāva ahaṃ na paṇipātanaṃ akāsiṃ. Kiṃkāraṇā? Issāmānena vañcito, “imassa mayi sāvakattaṃ upagate mama lābhasakkāro parihāyissati, imassa eva vaḍḍhissatī”ti evaṃ parasampatti-asahanalakkhaṇāya issāya ceva, “ahaṃ gaṇapāmokkho bahujanasammato”ti evaṃ abbhunnatilakkhaṇena mānena ca vañcito, palambhito hutvāti attho.

Mama saṅkappamaññāyāti mayhaṃ micchāsaṅkappaṃ jānitvā, yaṃ yaṃ bhagavā uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dasseti, taṃ taṃ disvā “mahiddhiko kho mahāsamaṇo mahānubhāvo”ti cintetvāpi “na tveva kho arahā yathā ahan”ti evaṃ pavattaṃ micchāvitakkaṃ jānantopi ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamento ajjhupekkhitvā pacchā nerañjarāya majjhe samantato udakaṃ ussāretvā reṇuhatāya bhūmiyā caṅkamitvā tena ābhatanāvāya ṭhito tadāpi “mahiddhiko”ti-ādikaṃ cintetvā puna “na tveva kho arahā yathā ahan”ti pavattitaṃ micchāsaṅkappaṃ ñatvāti attho. Codesi narasārathīti tadā me ñāṇaparipākaṃ ñatvā “neva kho tvaṃ arahā”ti-ādinā purisadammasārathi satthā maṃ codesi niggaṇhi. Tato me āsi saṃvego, abbhuto lomahaṃsanoti tato yathāvuttacodanāhetu ettakaṃ kālaṃ abhūtapubbatāya abbhuto lomahaṃsanavasena pavattiyā lomahaṃsano “anarahāva samāno ‘arahā’ti maññin”ti saṃvego sahottappo ñāṇuppādo mayhaṃ ahosi.

Jaṭilabhūtassāti tāpasabhūtassa. Siddhīti lābhasakkārasamiddhi. Parittikāti appamattikā. Tāhanti taṃ ahaṃ. Tadāti bhagavato codanāya saṃveguppattikāle. Nirākatvāti apanetvā chaḍḍetvā, anapekkho hutvāti attho. “Iddhīti bhāvanāmaya-iddhī”ti vadanti. Tadayuttaṃ tadā tassa ajhānalābhībhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ “kāmadhātupurakkhato”ti.

Yaññena santuṭṭhoti “yaññaṃ yajitvā saggasukhaṃ anubhavissāmi, alamettāvatā”ti yaññayajanena santuṭṭho niṭṭhitakiccasaññī. Kāmadhātupurakkhatoti kāmasugatiṃ ārabbha uppannataṇho yaññayajanena kāmalokaṃ purakkhatvā ṭhito. So ce yañño pāṇātipātapaṭisaṃyutto hoti, na tena sugatiṃ sakkā laddhuṃ. Na hi akusalassa iṭṭho kanto vipāko nibbattati. Yā pana tattha dānādikusalacetanā, tāya sati paccayasamavāye sugatiṃ gaccheyya. Pacchāti tāpasapabbajjāto pacchā satthu ovādena tāpasaladdhiṃ pahāya catusaccakammaṭṭhānānuyogakāle. Samūhaninti vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā rāgañca dosañca mohañca anavasesato samugghātesiṃ.

Yasmā panāyaṃ thero ariyamaggena rāgādayo samūhanantoyeva chaḷabhiñño ahosi, tasmā taṃ attano chaḷabhiññabhāvaṃ dassento “pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmī”ti-ādimāha. Tattha pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmīti attano paresañca pubbenivāsaṃ atītāsu jātīsu nibbattakkhandhe khandhapaṭibaddhe ca pubbenivāsañāṇena hatthatale āmalakaṃ viya paccakkhato jānāmi bujjhāmi. Dibbacakkhu visodhitanti dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ visodhitaṃ, pakaticakkhunā āpāthagataṃ pakatirūpaṃ viya dibbaṃ mānusampi dūraṃ tiroṭṭhitaṃ atisukhumañca rūpaṃ vibhāvetuṃ samatthañāṇaṃ bhāvanāya mayā visuddhaṃ katvā paṭiladdhanti attho. Iddhimāti adhiṭṭhāniddhivikubbaniddhi-ādīhi iddhīhi iddhimā, iddhividhañāṇalābhīti attho. Sarāgādibhedassa paresaṃ cittassa jānanato paracittaññū, cetopariyañāṇalābhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Dibbasotañca pāpuṇinti dibbasotañāṇañca paṭilabhiṃ.

So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayoti yo sabbesaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ khayabhūto khayena vā laddhabbo, so sadattho paramattho ca mayā ariyamaggādhigamena adhigatoti. Evametāya gāthāya therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti veditabbo.

Uruvelakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.