8. Aṭṭhakanipāto

1. Mahākaccāyanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Aṭṭhakanipāte kammaṃ bahukanti-ādikā āyasmato mahākaccāyanattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā vuddhippatto, ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ disvā, sayampi taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthento paṇidhānaṃ katvā, dānādīni puññāni katvā, devamanussesu saṃsaranto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle vijjādharo hutvā ākāsena gacchanto satthāraṃ himavantapabbate ekasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ disvā pasannamānaso kaṇikārapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi.

So tena puññakammena aparāparaṃ sugatīsuyeva parivattento kassapadasabalassa kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulaghare nibbattitvā parinibbute bhagavati suvaṇṇacetiyakaraṇaṭṭhāne satasahassagghanikāya suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāya pūjaṃ katvā, “bhagavā mayhaṃ nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīraṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ hotū”ti patthanaṃ akāsi.

Tato yāvajīvaṃ kusalakammaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde ujjeniyaṃ rañño caṇḍapajjotassa purohitagehe nibbatti. Tassa nāmaggahaṇadivase mātā “mayhaṃ putto suvaṇṇavaṇṇo, attano nāmaṃ gahetvā āgato”ti kañcanamāṇavo tveva nāmaṃ akāsi. So vuḍḍhimanvāya tayo vede uggahetvā pitu accayena purohitaṭṭhānaṃ labhi. So gottavasena kaccāyanoti paññāyittha. Taṃ rājā caṇḍapajjoto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā, “ācariya, tvaṃ tattha gantvā satthāraṃ idhānehī”ti pesesi. So attaṭṭhamo satthu santikaṃ upagato. Tassa satthā dhammaṃ deseti. Desanāpariyosāne so sattahi janehi saddhiṃ saha paṭisambhidāhi arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.1-27)–

“Padumuttaro nāma jino, anejo ajitaṃ jayo;
satasahasse kappānaṃ, ito uppajji nāyako.
“Vīro kamalapattakkho, sasaṅkavimalānano;
kanakācalasaṅkāso, ravidittisamappabho.
“Sattanettamanohārī, varalakkhaṇabhūsito;
sabbavākyapathātīto, manujāmarasakkato.
“Sambuddho bodhayaṃ satte, vāgīso madhurassaro;
karuṇānibandhasantāno, parisāsu visārado.
“Deseti madhuraṃ dhammaṃ, catusaccūpasaṃhitaṃ;
nimugge mohapaṅkamhi, samuddharati pāṇine.
“Tadā ekacaro hutvā, tāpaso himavālayo;
nabhasā mānusaṃ lokaṃ, gacchanto jinamaddasaṃ.
“Upecca santikaṃ tassa, assosiṃ dhammadesanaṃ;
vaṇṇayantassa vīrassa, sāvakassa mahāguṇaṃ.
“Saṃkhittena mayā vuttaṃ, vitthārena pakāsayaṃ;
parisaṃ mañca toseti, yathā kaccāyano ayaṃ.
“Nāhaṃ evamidhekaccaṃ, aññaṃ passāmi sāvakaṃ;
tasmātadagge esaggo, evaṃ dhāretha bhikkhavo.
“Tadāhaṃ vimhito hutvā, sutvā vākyaṃ manoramaṃ;
himavantaṃ gamitvāna, āhitvā pupphasañcayaṃ.
“Pūjetvā lokasaraṇaṃ, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ;
tadā mamāsayaṃ ñatvā, byākāsi sa raṇañjaho.
“Passathetaṃ isivaraṃ, niddhantakanakattacaṃ;
uddhaggalomaṃ pīṇaṃsaṃ, acalaṃ pañjaliṃ ṭhitaṃ.
“Hāsaṃ supuṇṇanayanaṃ, buddhavaṇṇagatāsayaṃ;
dhammajaṃ uggahadayaṃ, amatāsittasannibhaṃ.
“Kaccānassa guṇaṃ sutvā, taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthayaṃ ṭhito;
anāgatamhi addhāne, gotamassa mahāmune.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
kaccāno nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Bahussuto mahāñāṇī, adhippāyavidū mune;
pāpuṇissati taṃ ṭhānaṃ, yathāyaṃ byākato mayā.
“Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Duve bhave saṃsarāmi, devatte atha mānuse;
aññaṃ gatiṃ na gacchāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Duve kule pajāyāmi, khattiye atha brāhmaṇe;
nīce kule na jāyāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jāto ujjeniyaṃ pure;
pajjotassa ca caṇḍassa, purohitadijādhino.
“Putto tiriṭivacchassa, nipuṇo vedapāragū;
mātā ca candimā nāma, kaccānohaṃ varattaco.
“Vīmaṃsanatthaṃ buddhassa, bhūmipālena pesito;
disvā mokkhapuradvāraṃ, nāyakaṃ guṇasañcayaṃ.
“Sutvā ca vimalaṃ vākyaṃ, gatipaṅkavisosanaṃ;
pāpuṇiṃ amataṃ santaṃ, sesehi saha sattahi.
“Adhippāyavidū jāto, sugatassa mahāmate;
ṭhapito etadagge ca, susamiddhamanoratho.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

atha satthā “etha, bhikkhavo”ti hatthaṃ pasāresi; te tāvadeva dvaṅgulamattakesamassukā iddhimayapattacīvaradharā vassasaṭṭhikattherā viya ahesuṃ; evaṃ thero sadatthaṃ nipphādetvā, “bhante, rājā pajjoto tumhākaṃ pāde vandituṃ dhammañca sotuṃ icchatī”ti satthu ārocesi; satthā, “tvaṃyeva, bhikkhu, tattha gaccha, tayi gatepi rājā pasīdissatī”ti āha; thero satthu āṇāya attaṭṭhamo tattha gantvā rājānaṃ pasādetvā avantīsu sāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā puna satthu santikameva gato; so ekadivasaṃ sambahule bhikkhū samaṇadhammaṃ pahāya kammārāme saṅgaṇikārāme rasataṇhānugate ca pamādavihārino disvā tesaṃ ovādavasena–

494. “kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kāraye, parivajjeyya janaṃ na uyyame;

so ussukko rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhādhivāho.

495. “Paṅkoti hi naṃ avedayuṃ, yāyaṃ vandanapūjanā kulesu;

sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ, sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho”ti.–

Dve gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha kammaṃ bahukaṃ na kārayeti navāvāsakārāpanādiṃ samaṇadhammakaraṇassa paribandhabhūtaṃ mahantaṃ navakammaṃ na paṭṭhapeyya, khuddakaṃ appasamārambhaṃ khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇādiṃ satthu vacanapaṭipūjanatthaṃ kātabbameva. Parivajjeyya jananti gaṇasaṅgaṇikavasena janaṃ vivajjeyya. Jananti vā yādisaṃ saṃsevato bhajato payirupāsato kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, tādisaṃ akalyāṇamittabhūtaṃ janaṃ parivajjeyya. Na uyyameti, paccayuppādanatthaṃ kulasaṅgaṇhanavasena na vāyameyya, yasmā so ussukko rasānugiddho, atthaṃ riñcati yo sukhādhivāhoti yo rasānugiddho rasataṇhāvasiko bhikkhu paccayuppādanapasuto, so kulasaṅgaṇhanatthaṃ ussukko, tesu sukhitesu sukhito, dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā yogaṃ āpajjati, yo sukhādhivāho samathavipassanāmaggaphalanibbānasukhāvaho sīlādi-attho, taṃ riñcati pajahati ekaṃsena attānaṃ tato vivecetīti attho.

Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya “kammārāmataṃ saṅgaṇikārāmataṃ paccayagedhañca vajjethā”ti ovaditvā idāni sakkārābhilāsaṃ garahanto dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho– yā ayaṃ bhikkhāya upagatānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ kulesu gehavāsīhi guṇasambhāvanāya karīyamānā vandanā pūjanā ca, yasmā taṃ abhāvitattānaṃ osīdāpanaṭṭhena malinabhāvakaraṇaṭṭhena ca paṅko kaddamoti buddhādayo ariyā pavedayuṃ abbhaññaṃsu pavedesuṃ vā, yasmā ca apariññātakkhandhānaṃ andhaputhujjanānaṃ sakkārābhilāsaṃ duviññeyyasabhāvatāya pīḷājananato anto tudanato duruddharaṇato ca sukhumaṃ sallaṃ durubbahaṃ pavedayuṃ, tato eva sakkāro kāpurisena dujjaho duppajaheyyo tassa pahānapaṭipattiyā appaṭipajjanato. Sakkārābhilāsappahānena hi sakkāro pahīno hoti, tasmā tassa pahānāya āyogo karaṇīyoti dasseti–

496. “Na parassupanidhāya, kammaṃ maccassa pāpakaṃ;

attanā taṃ na seveyya, kammabandhū hi mātiyā.

497. “Na pare vacanā coro, na pare vacanā muni;

attā ca naṃ yathā vedi, devāpi naṃ tathā vidū.

498. “Pare ca na vijānanti, mayamettha yamāmase;

ye ca tattha vijānanti, tato sammanti medhagā.

499. “Jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo;

paññāya ca alābhena, vittavāpi na jīvati.

500. “Sabbaṃ suṇāti sotena, sabbaṃ passati cakkhunā;

na ca diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ dhīro, sabbaṃ ujjhitumarahati.

501. “Cakkhumāssa yathā andho, sotavā badhiro yathā;

paññavāssa yathā mūgo, balavā dubbaloriva;
atha atthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyikan”ti.–

Imā cha gāthā rañño pajjotassa ovādavasena abhāsi. So kira brāhmaṇe saddahitvā pasughātayaññaṃ kāreti, kammaṃ asodhetvāva acore corasaññāya daṇḍesi, aṭṭakaraṇe ca assāmike sāmike karoti, sāmike ca assāmike. Tato naṃ thero vivecetuṃ “na parassā”ti-ādinā cha gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha na parassupanidhāya, kammaṃ maccassa pāpakanti parassa maccassa sattassa upanidhāya uddissa kāraṇaṃ katvā pāpakaṃ vadhabandhādikammaṃ na seveyya, parena na kārāpeyyāti attho. Attanā taṃ na seveyyāti attanāpi taṃ pāpakaṃ na kareyya. Kasmā? Kammabandhū hi mātiyā ime mātiyā maccā kammadāyādā, tasmā attanā ca kiñci pāpakammaṃ na kareyya, parenapi na kārāpeyyāti attho.

Na pare vacanā coroti attanā coriyaṃ akatvā paravacanā parassa vacanamattena coro nāma na hoti, tathā na pare vacanā muni parassa vacanamattena muni suvisuddhakāyavacīmanosamācāro na hoti. Ettha hi pareti vibhatti-alopaṃ katvā niddeso. Keci pana “paresanti vattabbe pareti saṃ-kāralopaṃ katvā niddiṭṭhan”ti vadanti. Attā ca naṃ yathā vedīti naṃ sattaṃ tassa attā cittaṃ yathā “ahaṃ parisuddho, aparisuddho vā”ti yāthāvato avedi jānāti. Devāpi naṃ tathā vidūti visuddhidevā, upapattidevā ca tathā vidū vidanti jānanti, tasmā sayaṃ tādisā devā ca pamāṇaṃ suddhāsuddhānaṃ suddhāsuddhabhāvajānane, na ye keci icchādosaparetā sattāti adhippāyo.

Pareti paṇḍite ṭhapetvā tato aññe, kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjaṃ kammaṃ kammaphalaṃ kāyassa asubhataṃ saṅkhārānaṃ aniccataṃ ajānantā idha pare nāma. Te mayamettha imasmiṃ jīvaloke yamāma uparamāma, “satataṃ samitaṃ maccu santikaṃ gacchāmā”ti na jānanti. Ye ca tattha vijānantīti ye ca tattha paṇḍitā “mayaṃ maccu samīpaṃ gacchāmā”ti vijānanti. Tato sammanti medhagāti evañhi te jānantā medhagānaṃ paravihiṃsanānaṃ vūpasamāya paṭipajjanti, attanā pare ca aññe na medhanti na bādhentīti attho. Tvaṃ pana jīvitanimittaṃ acore core karontopi daṇḍanena sāmike assāmike karontopi dhanajāniyā bādhasi paññāvekallato. Tathā akarontopi jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo parikkhīṇadhanopi sappaññajātiko itarītarasantosena santuṭṭho anavajjāya jīvikāya jīvatiyeva. Tassa hi jīvitaṃ nāma. Tenāha bhagavā– “paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhan”ti (saṃ. ni. 1.73, 246; su. ni. 184). Dummedhapuggalo pana paññāya ca alābhena diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca atthaṃ virādhento vittavāpi na jīvati garahādipavattiyā jīvanto nāma na hoti, anupāyaññutāya yathādhigataṃ dhanaṃ nāsento jīvitampi sandhāretuṃ na sakkotiyeva.

Imā kira catassopi gāthā thero supinantena rañño kathesi. Rājā supinaṃ disvā theraṃ namassantoyeva pabujjhitvā pabhātāya rattiyā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā attanā diṭṭhaniyāmena supinaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā thero tā gāthā paccunubhāsitvā “sabbaṃ suṇātī”ti-ādinā dvīhi gāthāhi rājānaṃ ovadi. Tattha sabbaṃ suṇāti sotenāti idha sotabbaṃ saddaṃ āpāthagataṃ sabbaṃ subhāsitaṃ dubbhāsitañca abadhiro sotena suṇāti. Tathā sabbaṃ rūpaṃ sundaraṃ asundarampi cakkhunā anandho passati, ayamindriyānaṃ sabhāvo. Tattha pana na ca diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ dhīro, sabbaṃ ujjhitunti ca nidassanamattametaṃ. Yañhi taṃ diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ vā, na taṃ sabbaṃ dhīro sappañño ujjhituṃ pariccajituṃ gahetuṃ vā arahati. Guṇāguṇaṃ pana tattha upaparikkhitvā ujjhitabbameva ujjhituṃ gahetabbañca gahetuṃ arahati, tasmā cakkhumāssa yathā andho cakkhumāpi samāno ujjhitabbe diṭṭhe andho yathā assa apassanto viya bhaveyya, tathā ujjhitabbe sute sotavāpi badhiro yathā assa asuṇanto viya bhaveyya. Paññavāssa yathā mūgoti vicāraṇapaññāya paññavā vacanakusalopi avattabbe mūgo viya bhaveyya. Balavā thāmasampannopi akattabbe dubbaloriva, rakāro padasandhikaro, asamattho viya bhaveyya. Atha atthe samuppanne, sayetha matasāyikanti attanā kātabbakicce uppanne upaṭṭhite matasāyikaṃ sayetha, matasāyikaṃ sayitvāpi taṃ kiccaṃ tīretabbameva, na virādhetabbaṃ. Atha vā atha atthe samuppanneti attanā akaraṇīye atthe kicce uppanne upaṭṭhite matasāyikaṃ sayetha, matasāyikaṃ sayitvāpi taṃ na kātabbameva. Na hi paṇḍito ayuttaṃ kātumarahatīti evaṃ therena ovadito rājā akattabbaṃ pahāya kātabbeyeva yuttappayutto ahosīti.

Mahākaccāyanattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.