2. Ekavihāriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Purato pacchato vāti-ādikā āyasmato ekavihāriyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto kassapadasabalassa kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā araññaṃ pavisitvā vivekavāsaṃ vasi.

So tena puññakammena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde bhagavati parinibbute dhammāsokarañño kaniṭṭhabhātā hutvā nibbatti. Asokamahārājā kira satthu parinibbānato dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ upari aṭṭhārasame vasse sakalajambudīpe ekarajjābhisekaṃ patvā attano kaniṭṭhaṃ tissakumāraṃ oparajje ṭhapetvā ekena upāyena taṃ sāsane abhippasannaṃ akāsi. So ekadivasaṃ migavaṃ gato araññe yonakamahādhammarakkhitattheraṃ hatthināgena sālasākhaṃ gahetvā bījiyamānaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā sañjātapasādo “aho vatāhampi ayaṃ mahāthero viya pabbajitvā araññe vihareyyan”ti cintesi. Thero tassa cittācāraṃ ñatvā tassa passantasseva ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā asokārāme pokkharaṇiyā abhijjamāne udake ṭhatvā cīvarañca uttarāsaṅgañca ākāse olaggetvā nhāyituṃ ārabhi. Kumāro therassa ānubhāvaṃ disvā abhippasanno araññato nivattitvā rājagehaṃ gantvā “pabbajissāmī”ti rañño ārocesi. Rājā taṃ anekappakāraṃ yācitvā pabbajjādhippāyaṃ nivattetuṃ nāsakkhi. So upāsako hutvā pabbajjāsukhaṃ patthento–

537. “Purato pacchato vāpi, aparo ce na vijjati;

atīva phāsu bhavati, ekassa vasato vane.

538. “Handa eko gamissāmi, araññaṃ buddhavaṇṇitaṃ;

phāsu ekavihārissa, pahitattassa bhikkhuno.

539. “Yogī-pītikaraṃ rammaṃ, mattakuñjarasevitaṃ;

eko atthavasī khippaṃ, pavisissāmi kānanaṃ.

540. “Supupphite sītavane, sītale girikandare;

gattāni parisiñcitvā, caṅkamissāmi ekako.

541. “Ekākiyo adutiyo, ramaṇīye mahāvane;

kadāhaṃ viharissāmi, katakicco anāsavo.

542. “Evaṃ me kattukāmassa, adhippāyo samijjhatu;

sādhayissāmahaṃyeva, nāñño aññassa kārako”ti.–

Imā cha gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha purato pacchato vāti attano purato vā pacchato vā, vā-saddassa vikappatthattā passato vā aparo añño jano na vijjati ce, atīva ativiya phāsu cittasukhaṃ bhavati. Ekavihārībhāvena ekassa asahāyassa. Vane vasatoti ciraparicitena vivekajjhāsayena ākaḍḍhiyamānahadayo so rattindivaṃ mahājanaparivutassa vasato saṅgaṇikavihāraṃ nibbindanto vivekasukhañca bahuṃ maññanto vadati.

Handāti vossaggatthe nipāto, tena idāni karīyamānassa araññagamanassa nicchitabhāvamāha. Eko gamissāmīti “suññāgāre kho, gahapati, tathāgatā abhiramantī”ti-ādivacanato (cūḷava. 306) buddhehi vaṇṇitaṃ pasaṭṭhaṃ araññaṃ eko asahāyo gamissāmi vāsādhippāyena upagacchāmi. Yasmā ekavihārissa ṭhānādīsu asahāyabhāvena ekavihārissa nibbānaṃ paṭipesitacittatāya pahitattassa adhisīlasikkhādikā tisso sikkhā sikkhato bhikkhuno araññaṃ phāsu iṭṭhaṃ sukhāvahanti attho.

Yogī-pītikaranti yogīnaṃ bhāvanāya yuttappayuttānaṃ appasaddādibhāvena jhānavipassanādipītiṃ āvahanato yogī-pītikaraṃ. Visabhāgārammaṇābhāvena paṭisallānasāruppatāya rammaṃ. Mattakuñjarasevitanti mattavaravāraṇavicaritaṃ, imināpi brahāraññabhāvena janavivekaṃyeva dasseti. Atthavasīti idha atthoti samaṇadhammo adhippeto. “Kathaṃ nu kho so me bhaveyyā”ti tassa vasaṃ gato.

Supupphiteti suṭṭhu pupphite. Sītavaneti chāyūdakasampattiyā sīte vane. Ubhayenapi tassa ramaṇīyataṃyeva vibhāveti. Girikandareti girīnaṃ abbhantare kandare. Kanti hi udakaṃ, tena dāritaṃ ninnaṭṭhānaṃ kandaraṃ nāma. Tādise sītale girikandare ghammaparitāpaṃ vinodetvā attano gattāni parisiñcitvā nhāyitvā caṅkamissāmi ekakoti katthaci anāyattavuttitaṃ dasseti.

Ekākiyoti ekākī asahāyo. Adutiyoti taṇhāsaṅkhātadutiyābhāvena adutiyo. Taṇhā hi purisassa sabbadā avijahanaṭṭhena dutiyā nāma. Tenāha bhagavā– “taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaran”ti (itivu. 15, 105).

Evaṃ me kattukāmassāti “handa eko gamissāmī”ti-ādinā vuttavidhinā araññaṃ gantvā bhāvanābhiyogaṃ kattukāmassa me. Adhippāyo samijjhatūti “kadāhaṃ viharissāmi, katakicco anāsavo”ti evaṃ pavatto manoratho ijjhatu siddhiṃ pāpuṇātu. Arahattappatti ca yasmā na āyācanamattena sijjhati, nāpi aññena sādhetabbā, tasmā āha “sādhayissāmahaṃyeva, nāñño aññassa kārako”ti.

Evaṃ uparājassa pabbajjāya daḷhanicchayataṃ ñatvā rājā asokārāmagamanīyaṃ maggaṃ alaṅkārāpetvā kumāraṃ sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitaṃ mahatiyā senāya mahaccarājānubhāvena vihāraṃ nesi. Kumāro padhānagharaṃ gantvā mahādhammarakkhitattherassa santike pabbaji, anekasatā manussā taṃ anupabbajiṃsu. Rañño bhāgineyyo saṅghamittāya sāmiko aggibrahmāpi tameva anupabbaji. So pabbajitvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho attanā kātabbaṃ pakāsento–

543. “Esa bandhāmi sannāhaṃ, pavisissāmi kānanaṃ;

na tato nikkhamissāmi, appatto āsavakkhayaṃ.

544. “Mālute upavāyante, sīte surabhigandhike;

avijjaṃ dālayissāmi, nisinno nagamuddhani.

545. “Vane kusumasañchanne, pabbhāre nūna sītale;

vimuttisukhena sukhito, ramissāmi giribbaje”ti.–

Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha esa bandhāmi sannāhanti esāhaṃ vīriyasaṅkhātaṃ sannāhaṃ bandhāmi, kāye ca jīvite ca nirapekkho vīriyasannāhena sannayhāmi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti– yathā nāma sūro puriso paccatthike paccupaṭṭhite taṃ jetukāmo aññaṃ kiccaṃ pahāya kavacapaṭimuccanādinā yuddhāya sannayhati, yuddhabhūmiñca gantvā paccatthike ajetvā tato na nivattati, evamahampi kilesapaccatthike jetuṃ ādittampi sīsaṃ celañca ajjhupekkhitvā catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyasannāhaṃ sannayhāmi, kilese ajetvā kilesavijayayoggaṃ vivekaṭṭhānaṃ na vissajjemīti. Tena vuttaṃ “pavisissāmi kānanaṃ na tato nikkhamissāmi, appatto āsavakkhayan”ti.

“Mālute upavāyante”ti-ādinā araññaṭṭhānassa kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāyogyataṃ vadati, ramissāmi nūna giribbajeti yojanā. Pabbataparikkhepe abhiramissāmi maññeti anāgatatthaṃ parikappento vadati. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.

Evaṃ vatvā thero araññaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto upajjhāyena saddhiṃ kaliṅgaraṭṭhaṃ agamāsi. Tatthassa pāde cammikābādho uppajji, taṃ disvā eko vejjo “sappiṃ, bhante, pariyesatha, tikicchissāmi nan”ti āha. Thero sappipariyesanaṃ akatvā vipassanāya eva kammaṃ karoti, rogo vaḍḍhati, vejjo therassa tattha appossukkataṃ disvā sayameva sappiṃ pariyesitvā theraṃ arogaṃ akāsi. So arogo hutvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.44.1-12)–

“Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
“Nippapañco nirālambo, ākāsasamamānaso;
suññatābahulo tādī, animittarato vasī.
“Asaṅgacitto nikleso, asaṃsaṭṭho kule gaṇe;
mahākāruṇiko vīro, vinayopāyakovido.
“Uyyutto parakiccesu, vinayanto sadevake;
nibbānagamanaṃ maggaṃ, gatiṃ paṅkavisosanaṃ.
“Amataṃ paramassādaṃ, jarāmaccunivāraṇaṃ;
mahāparisamajjhe so, nisinno lokatārako.
“Karavīkaruto nātho, brahmaghoso tathāgato;
uddharanto mahāduggā, vippanaṭṭhe anāyake.
“Desento virajaṃ dhammaṃ, diṭṭho me lokanāyako;
tassa dhammaṃ suṇitvāna, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
“Pabbajitvā tadāpāhaṃ, cintento jinasāsanaṃ;
ekakova vane ramme, vasiṃ saṃsaggapīḷito.
“Sakkāyavūpakāso me, hetubhūto mamābhavī;
manaso vūpakāsassa, saṃsaggabhayadassino.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā there tattha viharante rājā koṭidhanapariccāgena bhojakagirivihāraṃ nāma kāretvā theraṃ tattha vāsesi; so tattha viharanto parinibbānakāle–

546. “sohaṃ paripuṇṇasaṅkappo, cando pannaraso yathā;

sabbāsavaparikkhīṇo, natthi dāni punabbhavo”ti.–

Osānagāthamāha. Sā uttānatthāva. Tadeva ca therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosīti.

Ekavihāriyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.