3. Mahākappinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Anāgataṃ yo paṭikacca passatīti-ādikā āyasmato mahākappinattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare kulaghare nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ bhikkhu-ovādakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā tajjaṃ adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi. So tattha yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapasammāsambuddhakāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto purisasahassagaṇajeṭṭhako hutvā gabbhasahassapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahantaṃ pariveṇaṃ kārāpesi. Te sabbepi janā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā taṃ upāsakaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā saputtadārā devaloke nibbattitvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsariṃsu. Tesu gaṇajeṭṭhako amhākaṃ satthu nibbattito puretarameva paccantadese kukkuṭanāmake nagare rājagehe nibbatti, tassa kappinoti nāmaṃ ahosi. Sesapurisā tasmiṃyeva nagare amaccakule nibbattiṃsu. Kappinakumāro pitu accayena chattaṃ ussāpetvā mahākappinarājā nāma jāto. So sutavittakatāya pātova catūhi dvārehi sīghaṃ dūte pesesi– “yattha bahussute passatha, tato nivattitvā mayhaṃ ārocethā”ti. Tena ca samayena amhākaṃ satthā loke uppajjitvā sāvatthiṃ upanissāya viharati. Tasmiṃ kāle sāvatthivāsino vāṇijā sāvatthiyaṃ uṭṭhānakabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā taṃ nagaraṃ gantvā bhaṇḍaṃ paṭisāmetvā “rājānaṃ passissāmā”ti paṇṇākārahatthā rañño ārocāpesuṃ. Te rājā pakkosāpetvā niyyāditapaṇṇākāre vanditvā ṭhite “kuto āgatatthā”ti pucchi. “Sāvatthito, devā”ti. “Kacci vo raṭṭhaṃ subhikkhaṃ, dhammiko rājā”ti? “Āma, devā”ti. “Kīdiso dhammo tumhākaṃ dese idāni pavattatī”ti? “Taṃ, deva, na sakkā ucchiṭṭhamukhehi kathetun”ti. Rājā suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena udakaṃ dāpesi. Te mukhaṃ vikkhāletvā dasabalābhimukhā añjaliṃ paggahetvā, “deva, amhākaṃ dese buddharatanaṃ nāma uppannan”ti āhaṃsu. Rañño “buddho”ti vacane sutamatteyeva sakalasarīraṃ pharamānā pīti uppajji. Tato “buddhoti, tātā, vadethā”ti āha. “Buddhoti, deva, vadāmā”ti. Evaṃ tikkhattuṃ vadāpetvā “buddhoti padaṃ aparimāṇan”ti tasmiṃyeva pade pasanno satasahassaṃ datvā “aparaṃ vadethā”ti pucchi. “Deva, loke dhammaratanaṃ nāma uppannan”ti. Tampi sutvā tatheva satasahassaṃ datvā “aparaṃ vadethā”ti pucchi. “Deva, saṅgharatanaṃ nāma uppannan”ti. Tampi sutvā tatheva satasahassaṃ datvā “buddhassa bhagavato santike pabbajissāmī”ti tatova nikkhami. Amaccāpi tatheva nikkhamiṃsu. So amaccasahassena saddhiṃ gaṅgātīraṃ patvā “sace satthā sammāsambuddho, imesaṃ assānaṃ khuramattampi mā temetū”ti saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ katvā udakapiṭṭheneva pūraṃ gaṅgānadiṃ atikkamitvā aparampi aḍḍhayojanavitthāraṃ nadiṃ tatheva atikkamitvā tatiyaṃ candabhāgaṃ nāma mahānadiṃ patvā tampi tāya eva saccakiriyāya atikkami. Satthāpi taṃdivasaṃ paccūsasamayaṃyeva mahākaruṇāsamāpattito vuṭṭhāya lokaṃ volokento “ajja mahākappino tiyojanasatikaṃ rajjaṃ pahāya amaccasahassaparivāro mama santike pabbajituṃ āgamissatī”ti disvā “mayā tesaṃ paccuggamanaṃ kātuṃ yuttan”ti pātova sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sayameva ākāsena gantvā candabhāgāya nadiyā tīre tesaṃ uttaraṇatitthassābhimukhaṭṭhāne mahānigrodhamūle pallaṅkena nisinno chabbaṇṇabuddharasmiyo vissajjesi. Te tena titthena uttarantā buddharasmiyo ito cito ca vidhāvantiyo olokento bhagavantaṃ disvā “yaṃ satthāraṃ uddissa mayaṃ āgatā, addhā so eso”ti dassaneneva niṭṭhaṃ gantvā diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya onamitvā paramanipaccākāraṃ karontā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamiṃsu. Rājā bhagavato gopphakesu gahetvā satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi saddhiṃ amaccasahassena. Satthā tesaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāpariyosāne saddhiṃ parisāya arahatte patiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.66-107)–
“Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
udito ajaṭākāse, ravīva saradambare.
“Vacanābhāya bodheti, veneyyapadumāni so;
kilesapaṅkaṃ soseti, matiraṃsīhi nāyako.
“Titthiyānaṃ yase hanti, khajjotābhā yathā ravi;
saccatthābhaṃ pakāseti, ratanaṃva divākaro.
“Guṇānaṃ āyatibhūto, ratanānaṃva sāgaro;
pajjunnoriva bhūtāni, dhammameghena vassati.
“Akkhadasso tadā āsiṃ, nagare haṃsasavhaye;
upecca dhammamassosiṃ, jalajuttamanāmino.
“Ovādakassa bhikkhūnaṃ, sāvakassa katāvino;
guṇaṃ pakāsayantassa, tappayantassa me manaṃ.
“Sutvā patīto sumano, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
sasissaṃ bhojayitvāna, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ.
“Tadā haṃsasamabhāgo, haṃsadundubhinissano;
passathetaṃ mahāmattaṃ, vinicchayavisāradaṃ.
“Patitaṃ pādamūle me, samuggatatanūruhaṃ;
jīmūtavaṇṇaṃ pīṇaṃsaṃ, pasannanayanānanaṃ.
“Parivārena mahatā, rājayuttaṃ mahāyasaṃ;
eso katāvino ṭhānaṃ, pattheti muditāsayo.
“Iminā paṇipātena, cāgena paṇidhīhi ca;
kappasatasahassāni, nupapajjati duggatiṃ.
“Devesu devasobhaggaṃ, manussesu mahantataṃ;
anubhotvāna sesena, nibbānaṃ pāpuṇissati.
“Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
kappino nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Tatohaṃ sukataṃ kāraṃ, katvāna jinasāsane;
jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tusitaṃ agamāsahaṃ.
“Devamānusarajjāni, sataso anusāsiya;
bārāṇasiyamāsanne, jāto keṇiyajātiyaṃ.
“Sahassaparivārena, sapajāpatiko ahaṃ;
pañcapaccekabuddhānaṃ, satāni samupaṭṭhahiṃ.
“Temāsaṃ bhojayitvāna, pacchādamha ticīvaraṃ;
tato cutā mayaṃ sabbe, ahumha tidasūpagā.
“Puno sabbe manussattaṃ, agamimha tato cutā;
kukkuṭamhi pure jātā, himavantassa passato.
“Kappino nāmahaṃ āsiṃ, rājaputto mahāyaso;
sesāmaccakule jātā, mameva parivārayuṃ.
“Mahārajjasukhaṃ patto, sabbakāmasamiddhimā;
vāṇijehi samakkhātaṃ, buddhuppādamahaṃ suṇiṃ.
“Buddho loke samuppanno, asamo ekapuggalo;
so pakāseti saddhammaṃ, amataṃ sukhamuttamaṃ.
“Suyuttā tassa sissā ca, sumuttā ca anāsavā;
sutvā nesaṃ suvacanaṃ, sakkaritvāna vāṇije.
“Pahāya rajjaṃ sāmacco, nikkhamiṃ buddhamāmako;
nadiṃ disvā mahācandaṃ, pūritaṃ samatittikaṃ.
“Appatiṭṭhaṃ anālambaṃ, duttaraṃ sīghavāhiniṃ;
guṇaṃ saritvā buddhassa, sotthinā samatikkamiṃ.
“Bhavasotaṃ sace buddho, tiṇṇo lokantagū vidū;
etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.
“Yadi santigamo maggo, mokkho caccantikaṃ sukhaṃ;
etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.
“Saṅgho ce tiṇṇakantāro, puññakkhetto anuttaro;
etena saccavajjena, gamanaṃ me samijjhatu.
“Saha kate saccavare, maggā apagataṃ jalaṃ;
tato sukhena uttiṇṇo, nadītīre manorame.
“Nisinnaṃ addasaṃ buddhaṃ, udentaṃva pabhaṅkaraṃ;
jalantaṃ hemaselaṃva, dīparukkhaṃva jotitaṃ.
“Sasiṃva tārāsahitaṃ, sāvakehi purakkhataṃ;
vāsavaṃ viya vassantaṃ, desanājaladantaraṃ.
“Vanditvāna sahāmacco, ekamantamupāvisiṃ;
tato no āsayaṃ ñatvā, buddho dhammamadesayi.
“Sutvāna dhammaṃ vimalaṃ, avocumha mayaṃ jinaṃ;
pabbājehi mahāvīra, nibbindāmha mayaṃ bhave.
“Svakkhāto bhikkhave dhammo, dukkhantakaraṇāya vo;
caratha brahmacariyaṃ, iccāha munisattamo.
“Saha vācāya sabbepi, bhikkhuvesadharā mayaṃ;
ahumha upasampannā, sotāpannā ca sāsane.
“Tato jetavanaṃ gantvā, anusāsi vināyako;
anusiṭṭho jinenāhaṃ, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
“Tato bhikkhusahassāni, anusāsimahaṃ tadā;
mamānusāsanakarā, tepi āsuṃ anāsavā.
“Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ;
bhikkhu-ovādakānaggo, kappinoti mahājane.
“Satasahasse kataṃ kammaṃ, phalaṃ dassesi me idha;
pamutto saravegova, kilese jhāpayiṃ mama.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;
arahattaṃ patvā pana te sabbeva satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yāciṃsu; satthā te “etha, bhikkhavo”ti āha; sā eva tesaṃ pabbajjā upasampadā ca ahosi; satthā taṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ ādāya ākāsena jetavanaṃ agamāsi; athekadivasaṃ bhagavā tassantevāsike bhikkhū āha– “kacci, bhikkhave, kappino bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desetī”ti? “Na, bhagavā, deseti appossukko diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharati, ovādamattampi na detī”ti; satthā theraṃ pakkosāpetvā– “saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, kappina, antevāsikānaṃ ovādamattampi na desī”ti? “Saccaṃ, bhagavā”ti; “brāhmaṇa, mā evaṃ kari, ajja paṭṭhāya upagatānaṃ dhammaṃ desehī”ti; “sādhu, bhante”ti thero satthu vacanaṃ sirasā sampaṭicchitvā ekovādeneva samaṇasahassaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpesi; tena naṃ satthā paṭipāṭiyā attano sāvake there ṭhānantare ṭhapento bhikkhu-ovādakānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi; athekadivasaṃ thero bhikkhuniyo ovadanto– 547. “anāgataṃ yo paṭikacca passati, hitañca atthaṃ ahitañca taṃ dvayaṃ;
viddesino tassa hitesino vā, randhaṃ na passanti samekkhamānā.
548. “Ānāpānasatī yassa, paripuṇṇā subhāvitā;
anupubbaṃ paricitā, yathā buddhena desitā;
somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā.
549. “Odātaṃ vata me cittaṃ, appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ;
nibbiddhaṃ paggahītañca, sabbā obhāsate disā.
550. “Jīvate vāpi sappañño, api vittaparikkhayo;
paññāya ca alābhena, vittavāpi na jīvati.
551. “Paññā sutavinicchinī, paññā kittisilokavaddhanī;
paññāsahito naro idha, api dukkhesu sukhāni vindati.
552. “Nāyaṃ ajjatano dhammo, nacchero napi abbhuto;
yattha jāyetha mīyetha, tattha kiṃ viya abbhutaṃ.
553. “Anantarañhi jātassa, jīvitā maraṇaṃ dhuvaṃ;
jātā jātā marantīdha, evaṃ dhammā hi pāṇino.
554. “Na hetadatthāya matassa hoti, yaṃ jīvitatthaṃ paraporisānaṃ;
matamhi ruṇṇaṃ na yaso na lokyaṃ, na vaṇṇitaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇehi.
555. “Cakkhuṃ sarīraṃ upahanti tena, nihīyati vaṇṇabalaṃ matī ca;
ānandino tassa disā bhavanti, hitesino nāssa sukhī bhavanti.
556. “Tasmā hi iccheyya kule vasante, medhāvino ceva bahussute ca;
yesañhi paññāvibhavena kiccaṃ, taranti nāvāya nadiṃva puṇṇan”ti.–
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha anāgatanti na āgataṃ, avindanti, attho. Paṭikaccāti putetaraṃyeva. Passatīti oloketi. Atthanti kiccaṃ. Taṃ dvayanti hitāhitaṃ. Viddesinoti amittā. Hitesinoti mittā. Randhanti chiddaṃ. Samekkhamānāti gavesantā. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti– yo puggalo attano hitāvahaṃ ahitāvahaṃ tadubhayañca atthaṃ kiccaṃ anāgataṃ asampattaṃ puretaraṃyeva paññācakkhunā ahaṃ viya passati vīmaṃsati vicāreti, tassa amittā vā ahitajjhāsayena mittā vā hitajjhāsayena randhaṃ gavesantā na passanti, tādiso paññavā puggalo acchiddavutti, tasmā tumhehi tathārūpehi bhavitabbanti. Idāni ānāpānasatibhāvanāya guṇaṃ dassento tattha tāni yojetuṃ “ānāpānasatī yassā”ti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha ānanti assāso. Apānanti passāso. Assāsapassāsanimittārammaṇā sati ānāpānasati. Satisīsena cettha taṃsampayuttasamādhibhāvanā adhippetā. Yassāti, yassa yogino. Paripuṇṇā subhāvitāti catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ soḷasannañca ākārānaṃ pāripūriyā sabbaso puṇṇā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ vijjāvimuttīnañca pāripūriyā suṭṭhu bhāvitā vaḍḍhitā. Anupubbaṃ paricitā, yathā buddhena desitāti “so satova assasatī”ti-ādinā (dī. ni. 2.374; ma. ni. 1.107) yathā bhagavatā desitā, tathā anupubbaṃ anukkamena paricitā āsevitā bhāvitā. Somaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimāti so yogāvacaro yathā abbhādi-upakkilesā vimutto cando candālokena imaṃ okāsalokaṃ pabhāseti, evaṃ avijjādi-upakkilesavimutto ñāṇālokena attasantānapatitaṃ parasantānapatitañca saṅkhāralokaṃ pabhāseti pakāseti. Tasmā tumhehi ānāpānasatibhāvanā bhāvetabbāti adhippāyo. Idāni attānaṃ nidassanaṃ katvā bhāvanābhiyogassa saphalataṃ dassento “odātaṃ vata me cittan”ti tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho– nīvaraṇamalavigamato odātaṃ suddhaṃ vata mama cittaṃ. Yathā pamāṇakarā rāgādayo pahīnā, appamāṇañca nibbānaṃ paccakkhaṃ kataṃ ahosi, tathā bhāvitattā appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ, tato eva catusaccaṃ nibbiddhaṃ paṭivijjhitaṃ, sakalasaṃkilesapakkhato paggahitañca hutvā dukkhādikā pubbantādikā ca disā obhāsate tattha vitiṇṇakaṅkhattā sabbadhammesu vigatasammohattā ca. Tasmā tumhehipi evaṃ cittaṃ bhāvetabbanti dasseti. Yathā bhāvanāmayā paññā cittamalavisodhanādinā purisassa bahupakārā, evaṃ itarāpīti dassento “jīvate vāpi sappañño”ti catutthagāthamāha. Tassattho– parikkhīṇadhanopi sappaññajātiko itarītarasantosena santuṭṭho anavajjāya jīvikāya jīvatiyeva. Tassa hi jīvitaṃ jīvitaṃ nāma. Tenāha bhagavā– “paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhan”ti (saṃ. ni. 1.73, 246; su. ni. 184). Dummedhapuggalo pana paññāya alābhena diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca atthaṃ virādhento vittavāpi na jīvati, garahādippattiyā jīvanto nāma na tassa hoti, anupāyaññutāya vā yathādhigataṃ dhanaṃ nāsento jīvitampi sandhāretuṃ na sakkotiyeva, tasmā pārihāriyapaññāpi tumhehi appamattehi sampādetabbāti adhippāyo. Idāni paññāya ānisaṃse dassetuṃ “paññā sutavinicchinī”ti pañcamaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha paññā sutavinicchinīti paññā nāmesā sutassa vinicchayinī, yathāsute sotapathamāgate atthe “ayaṃ akusalo, ayaṃ kusalo, ayaṃ sāvajjo, ayaṃ anavajjo”ti-ādinā vinicchayajananī. Kittisilokavaddhanīti kittiyā sammukhā pasaṃsāya silokassa patthaṭayasabhāvassa vaddhanī, paññavatoyeva hi kitti-ādayo viññūnaṃ pāsaṃsabhāvato. Paññāsahitoti pārihāriyapaññāya, vipassanāpaññāya ca yutto. Api dukkhesu sukhāni vindatīti ekantadukkhasabhāvesu khandhāyatanādīsu sammāpaṭipattiyā yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodhena nirāmisānipi sukhāni paṭilabhati. Idāni tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ aniccatāpaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhīrabhāvāvahaṃ dhammaṃ kathento “nāyaṃ ajjatano dhammo”ti-ādinā sesagāthā abhāsi. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho– yvāyaṃ sattānaṃ jāyanamīyanasabhāvo, ayaṃ dhammo ajjatano adhunāgato na hoti, abhiṇhapavattikatāya na acchariyo, abbhutapubbatābhāvato nāpi abbhuto. Tasmā yattha jāyetha mīyetha, yasmiṃ loke satto jāyeyya, so ekaṃsena mīyetha, tattha kiṃ viya? Kiṃ nāma abbhutaṃ siyā? Sabhāvikattā maraṇassa– na hi khaṇikamaraṇassa kiñci kāraṇaṃ atthi. Yato anantarañhi jātassa, jīvitā maraṇaṃ dhuvaṃ jātassa jātisamanantaraṃ jīvitato maraṇaṃ ekantikaṃ uppannānaṃ khandhānaṃ ekaṃsena bhijjanato. Yo panettha jīvatīti lokavohāro, so tadupādānassa anekapaccayāyattatāya anekantiko, yasmā etadevaṃ, tasmā jātā marantīdha, evaṃdhammā hi pāṇinoti ayaṃ sattānaṃ pakati, yadidaṃ jātānaṃ maraṇanti jātiyā maraṇānubandhanataṃ āha. Idāni yasmā tāsu bhikkhunīsu kāci sokabandhitacittāpi atthi, tasmā tāsaṃ sokavinodanaṃ kātuṃ “na hetadatthāyāti-ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha na hetadatthāya matassa hotīti yaṃ matassa jīvitatthaṃ jīvitanimittaṃ paraporisānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ ruṇṇaṃ, etaṃ tassa matassa sattassa jīvitatthaṃ tāva tiṭṭhatu, kassacipi atthāya na hoti, ye pana rudanti, tesampi matamhi matapuggalanimittaṃ ruṇṇaṃ, na yaso na lokyaṃ yasāvahaṃ visuddhāvahañca na hoti Na vaṇṇitaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇehīti viññuppasaṭṭhampi na hoti, atha kho viññugarahitamevāti attho. Na kevalameteva ye rudato ādīnavā, atha kho imepīti dassento “cakkhuṃ sarīraṃ upahantī”ti gāthaṃ vatvā tato paraṃ sokādi-anatthapaṭibāhanatthaṃ kalyāṇamittapayirupāsanāyaṃ tā niyojento “tasmā”ti-ādinā osānagāthamāha. Tattha tasmāti yasmā ruṇṇaṃ rudantassa puggalassa cakkhuṃ sarīrañca upahanti vibādhati, tena ruṇṇena vaṇṇo balaṃ mati ca nihīyati parihāyati, tassa rudantassa puggalassa disā sapattā ānandino pamodavanto pītivanto bhavanti. Hitesino mittā dukkhī dukkhitā bhavanti tasmā dhammojapaññāya samannāgatattā medhāvino diṭṭhadhammikādi-atthasannissitassa bāhusaccassa pāripūriyā bahussute, attano kule vasante iccheyya pāṭikaṅkheyya kulūpake kareyya. Yesanti yesaṃ medhāvīnaṃ bahussutānaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ paññāvibhavena paññābalena yathā mahoghassa puṇṇaṃ nadiṃ nāvāya taranti, evaṃ kulaputtā attano atthakiccaṃ taranti pāraṃ pāpuṇanti. Te iccheyya kule vasanteti yojanā. Evaṃ thero tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ dhammaṃ kathetvā vissajjesi. Tā therassa ovāde ṭhatvā sokaṃ vinodetvā yoniso paṭipajjantiyo sadatthaṃ paripūresuṃ.
Mahākappinattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.