4. Cūḷapanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dandhā mayhaṃ gatīti-ādikā āyasmato cūḷapanthakattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Yadettha aṭṭhuppattivasena vattabbaṃ, taṃ aṭṭhakanipāte mahāpanthakavatthusmiṃ (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.mahāpanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā) vuttameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso– mahāpanthakatthero arahattaṃ patvā aggaphalasukhena vītināmento cintesi– “kathaṃ nu kho sakkā cūḷapanthakampi imasmiṃ sukhe patiṭṭhapetun”ti? So attano ayyakaṃ dhanaseṭṭhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha– “sace, mahāseṭṭhi, anujānātha ahaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ pabbājeyyan”ti. “Pabbājetha, bhante”ti. Thero taṃ pabbājesi. So dasasu sīlesu patiṭṭhito bhātu santike–

“Padumaṃ yathā kokanadaṃ sugandhaṃ, pāto siyā phullamavītagandhaṃ;
aṅgīrasaṃ passa virocamānaṃ, tapantamādiccamivantalikkhe”ti. (Saṃ. ni. 1.123; a. ni. 5.195)–

Gāthaṃ uggaṇhanto catūhi māsehi gahetuṃ nāsakkhi, gahitagahitaṃ padaṃ hadaye na tiṭṭhati. Atha naṃ mahāpanthako āha– “panthaka, tvaṃ imasmiṃ sāsane abhabbo, catūhi māsehi ekagāthampi gahetuṃ na sakkosi. Pabbajitakiccaṃ pana tvaṃ kathaṃ matthakaṃ pāpessasi? Nikkhama ito”ti. So therena paṇāmito dvārakoṭṭhakasamīpe rodamāno aṭṭhāsi.

Tena ca samayena satthā jīvakambavane viharati. Atha jīvako purisaṃ pesesi, “pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ satthāraṃ nimantehī”ti. Tena ca samayena āyasmā mahāpanthako bhattuddesako hoti. So “pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ bhikkhaṃ paṭicchatha, bhante”ti vutto “cūḷapanthakaṃ ṭhapetvā sesānaṃ paṭicchāmī”ti āha. Taṃ sutvā cūḷapanthako bhiyyosomattāya domanassappatto ahosi. Satthā tassa cittakkhedaṃ ñatvā, “cūḷapanthako mayā katena upāyena bujjhissatī”ti tassa avidūre ṭhāne attānaṃ dassetvā “kiṃ, panthaka, rodasī”ti pucchi. “Bhātā maṃ, bhante, paṇāmetī”ti āha. “Panthaka, mā cintayi, mama sāsane tuyhaṃ pabbajjā, ehi, imaṃ gahetvā ‘rajoharaṇaṃ, rajoharaṇan’ti manasi karohī”ti iddhiyā suddhaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ abhisaṅkharitvā adāsi. So satthārā dinnaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ “rajoharaṇaṃ, rajoharaṇan”ti hatthena parimajjanto nisīdi. Tassa taṃ parimajjantassa kiliṭṭhadhātukaṃ jātaṃ, puna parimajjantassa ukkhaliparipuñchanasadisaṃ jātaṃ. So ñāṇassa paripakkattā evaṃ cintesi– “idaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ pakatiyā parisuddhaṃ, imaṃ upādiṇṇakasarīraṃ nissāya kiliṭṭhaṃ aññathā jātaṃ, tasmā aniccaṃ yathāpetaṃ, evaṃ cittampī”ti khayavayaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tasmiṃyeva nimitte jhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapādakaṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.35-54)–

“Padumuttaro nāma jino, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
gaṇamhā vūpakaṭṭho so, himavante vasī tadā.
“Ahampi himavantamhi, vasāmi assame tadā;
acirāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
“Pupphacchattaṃ gahetvāna, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;
samādhiṃ samāpajjantaṃ, antarāyamakāsahaṃ.
“Ubho hatthehi paggayha, pupphacchattaṃ adāsahaṃ;
paṭiggahesi bhagavā, padumuttaro mahāmuni.
“Sabbe devā attamanā, himavantaṃ upenti te;
sādhukāraṃ pavattesuṃ, anumodissati cakkhumā.
“Idaṃ vatvāna te devā, upagacchuṃ naruttamaṃ;
ākāse dhārayantassa, padumacchattamuttamaṃ.
“Satapattachattaṃ paggayha, adāsi tāpaso mama;
tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
“Pañcavīsatikappāni, devarajjaṃ karissati;
catuttiṃsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
“Yaṃ yaṃ yoniṃ saṃsarati, devattaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
abbhokāse patiṭṭhantaṃ, padumaṃ dhārayissati.
“Kappasatasahassamhi okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Pakāsite pāvacane, manussattaṃ labhissati;
manomayamhi kāyamhi, uttamo so bhavissati.
“Dve bhātaro bhavissanti, ubhopi panthakavhayā;
anubhotvā uttamatthaṃ, jotayissanti sāsanaṃ.
“Sohaṃ aṭṭhārasavasso, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ;
visesāhaṃ na vindāmi, sakyaputtassa sāsane.
“Dandhā mayhaṃ gatī āsi, paribhūto pure ahuṃ;
bhātā ca maṃ paṇāmesi, gaccha dāni sakaṃ gharaṃ.
“Sohaṃ paṇāmito santo, saṅghārāmassa koṭṭhake;
dummano tattha aṭṭhāsiṃ, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā.
“Bhagavā tattha āgacchi, sīsaṃ mayhaṃ parāmasi;
bāhāya maṃ gahetvāna, saṅghārāmaṃ pavesayi.
“Anukampāya me satthā, adāsi pādapuñchaniṃ;
evaṃ suddhaṃ adhiṭṭhehi, ekamantamadhiṭṭhahaṃ.
“Hatthehi tamahaṃ gayha, sariṃ kokanadaṃ ahaṃ;
tattha cittaṃ vimucci me, arahattaṃ apāpuṇiṃ.
“Manomayesu kāyesu, sabbattha pāramiṃ gato;
sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
“Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattamaggenevassa tepiṭakaṃ pañcābhiññā ca āgamiṃsu; satthā ekena ūnehi pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ gantvā jīvakassa nivesane paññatte āsane nisīdi; cūḷapanthako pana attano bhikkhāya appaṭicchitattā eva na gato; jīvako yāguṃ dātuṃ ārabhi, satthā pattaṃ hatthena pidahi; “kasmā, bhante, na gaṇhathā”ti vutte– “vihāre eko bhikkhu atthi, jīvakā”ti; so purisaṃ pahiṇi, “gaccha, bhaṇe, vihāre nisinnaṃ ayyaṃ gahetvā ehī”ti; cūḷapanthakattheropi rūpena kiriyāya ca ekampi ekena asadisaṃ bhikkhusahassaṃ nimminitvā nisīdi; so puriso vihāre bhikkhūnaṃ bahubhāvaṃ disvā gantvā jīvakassa kathesi– “imasmā bhikkhusaṅghā vihāre bhikkhusaṅgho bahutaro, pakkositabbaṃ ayyaṃ na jānāmī”ti; jīvako satthāraṃ paṭipucchi– “konāmo, bhante, vihāre nisinno bhikkhū”ti? “Cūḷapanthako nāma, jīvakā”ti; “gaccha bhaṇe, ‘cūḷapanthako nāma kataro’ti pucchitvā taṃ ānehī”ti; so vihāraṃ gantvā “cūḷapanthako nāma kataro, bhante”ti pucchi; “ahaṃ cūḷapanthako”,“ahaṃ cūḷapanthako”ti ekapahāreneva bhikkhusahassampi kathesi; so punāgantvā taṃ pavattiṃ jīvakassa ārocesi; jīvako paṭividdhasaccattā “iddhimā maññe, ayyo”ti nayato ñatvā “gaccha, bhaṇe, paṭhamaṃ kathanakamayyameva ‘tumhe satthā pakkosatī’ti vatvā cīvarakaṇṇe gaṇhā”ti āha; so vihāraṃ gantvā tathā akāsi, tāvadeva nimmitabhikkhū antaradhāyiṃsu; so theraṃ gahetvā agamāsi;

satthā tasmiṃ khaṇe yāguñca khajjakādibhedañca paṭiggaṇhi; dasabale bhattakiccaṃ katvā vihāraṃ gate dhammasabhāyaṃ kathā udapādi– “aho buddhānaṃ ānubhāvo, yatra hi nāma cattāro māse ekagāthaṃ gahetuṃ asakkontampi lahukena khaṇeneva evaṃ mahiddhikaṃ akaṃsū”ti; satthā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sutvā āgantvā buddhāsane nisajja, “kiṃ vadetha, bhikkhave”ti pucchitvā, “imaṃ nāma, bhante”ti vutte, “bhikkhave, cūḷapanthakena idāni mayhaṃ ovāde ṭhatvā lokuttaradāyajjaṃ laddhaṃ, pubbe pana lokiyadāyajjan”ti vatvā tehi yācito cūḷaseṭṭhijātakaṃ (jā. 1.1.4) kathesi; aparabhāge taṃ satthā ariyagaṇaparivuto dhammāsane nisinno manomayaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimminantānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetovivaṭṭakusalānañca aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi; so aparena samayena bhikkhūhi “tathā dandhadhātukena kathaṃ tayā saccāni paṭividdhānī”ti puṭṭho bhātu paṇāmanato paṭṭhāya attano paṭipattiṃ pakāsento–

557. “dandhā mayhaṃ gatī āsi, paribhūto pure ahaṃ;

bhātā ca maṃ paṇāmesi, gaccha dāni tuvaṃ gharaṃ.

558. “Sohaṃ paṇāmito santo, saṅghārāmassa koṭṭhake;

dummano tattha aṭṭhāsiṃ, sāsanasmiṃ apekkhavā.

559. “Bhagavā tattha āgacchi, sīsaṃ mayhaṃ parāmasi;

bāhāya maṃ gahetvāna, saṅghārāmaṃ pavesayi.

560. “Anukampāya me satthā, pādāsi pādapuñchaniṃ;

etaṃ suddhaṃ adhiṭṭhehi, ekamantaṃ svadhiṭṭhitaṃ.

561. “Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihāsiṃ sāsane rato;

samādhiṃ paṭipādesiṃ, uttamatthassa pattiyā.

562. “Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;

tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.

563. “Sahassakkhattumattānaṃ, nimminitvāna panthako;

nisīdambavane ramme, yāva kālappavedanā.

564. “Tato me satthā pāhesi, dūtaṃ kālappavedakaṃ;

paveditamhi kālamhi, vehāsādupasaṅkamiṃ.

565. “Vanditvā satthuno pāde, ekamantaṃ nisīdahaṃ;

nisinnaṃ maṃ viditvāna, attha satthā paṭiggahi.

566. “Āyāgo sabbalokassa, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;

puññakkhettaṃ manussānaṃ, paṭiggaṇhittha dakkhiṇan”ti.–

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha dandhāti, mandā, catuppadikaṃ gāthaṃ catūhi māsehi gahetuṃ asamatthabhāvena dubbalā. Gatīti ñāṇagati. Āsīti, ahosi. Paribhūtoti, tato eva “muṭṭhassati asampajāno”ti hīḷito. Pureti, pubbe puthujjanakāle. Bhātā cāti samuccayattho ca-saddo, na kevalaṃ paribhūtova, atha kho bhātāpi maṃ paṇāmesi, “panthaka, tvaṃ duppañño ahetuko maññe, tasmā pabbajitakiccaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ asamattho na imassa sāsanassa anucchaviko, gaccha dāni tuyhaṃ ayyakagharan”ti nikkaḍḍhesi. Bhātāti, bhātarā.

Koṭṭhaketi, dvārakoṭṭhakasamīpe. Dummanoti, domanassito. Sāsanasmiṃ apekkhavāti, sammāsambuddhassa sāsane sāpekkho avibbhamitukāmo.

Bhagavā tattha āgacchīti, mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso maṃ anuggaṇhanto bhagavā yatthāhaṃ ṭhito, tattha āgacchi. Āgantvā ca, “panthaka, ahaṃ te satthā, na mahāpanthako, maṃ uddissa tava pabbajjā”ti samassāsento sīsaṃ mayhaṃ parāmasi jālābandhanamudutalunapīṇavarāyataṅgulisamupasobhitena vikasitapadumasassirīkena cakkaṅkitena hatthatalena “idāniyeva mama putto bhavissatī”ti dīpento mayhaṃ sīsaṃ parāmasi. Bāhāya maṃ gahetvānāti, “kasmā tvaṃ, idha tiṭṭhasī”ti candanagandhagandhinā attano hatthena maṃ bhuje gahetvā antosaṅghārāmaṃ pavesesi. Pādāsi pādapuñchaninti pādapuñchaniṃ katvā pādāsi “rajoharaṇanti manasi karohī”ti adāsīti attho. “Adāsī”ti “pādapuñchanin”ti ca paṭhanti. Keci pana “pādapuñchanin”ti pādapuñchanacoḷakkhaṇḍaṃ pādāsī”ti vadanti. Tadayuttaṃ iddhiyā abhisaṅkharitvā coḷakkhaṇḍassa dinnattā. Etaṃ suddhaṃ adhiṭṭhehi, ekamantaṃ svadhiṭṭhitanti, etaṃ suddhaṃ coḷakkhaṇḍaṃ “rajoharaṇaṃ, rajoharaṇan”ti manasikārena svadhiṭṭhitaṃ katvā ekamantaṃ ekamante vivitte gandhakuṭipamukhe nisinno adhiṭṭhehi tathā cittaṃ samāhitaṃ katvā pavattehi.

Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvāti, tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ ovādaṃ ahaṃ sutvā tasmiṃ sāsane ovāde rato abhirato hutvā vihāsiṃ yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjiṃ. Paṭipajjanto ca samādhiṃ paṭipādesiṃ, uttamatthassa pattiyāti, uttamattho nāma arahattaṃ, tassa adhigamāya kasiṇaparikammavasena rūpajjhānāni nibbattetvā jhānapādakaṃ vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā aggamaggasamādhiṃ sampādesinti attho. Ettha hi samādhīti upacārasamādhito paṭṭhāya yāva catutthamaggasamādhi, tāva samādhisāmaññena gahito, aggaphalasamādhi pana uttamatthaggahaṇena, sātisayaṃ cevāyaṃ samādhikusalo, tasmā “samādhiṃ paṭipādesin”ti āha. Samādhikusalatāya hi ayamāyasmā cetovivaṭṭakusalo nāma jāto, mahāpanthakatthero pana vipassanākusalatāya saññāvivaṭṭakusalo nāma. Eko cettha samādhilakkhaṇe cheko, eko vipassanālakkhaṇe, eko samādhigāḷho, eko vipassanāgāḷho eko aṅgasaṃkhitte cheko, eko ārammaṇasaṃkhitte, eko aṅgavavatthāne, eko ārammaṇavavatthāneti vaṇṇenti. Apica cūḷapanthakatthero sātisayaṃ catunnaṃ rūpāvacarajjhānānaṃ lābhitāya cetovivaṭṭakusalo vutto, mahāpanthakatthero sātisayaṃ catunnaṃ arūpāvacarajjhānānaṃ lābhitāya saññāvivaṭṭakusalo. Paṭhamo vā rūpāvacarajjhānalābhī hutvā jhānaṅgehi vuṭṭhāya arahattaṃ pattoti cetovivaṭṭakusalo, itaro arūpāvacarajjhānalābhī hutvā jhānaṅgehi vuṭṭhāya arahattaṃ pattoti saññāvivaṭṭakusalo. Manomayaṃ pana kāyaṃ nibbattento aññe tayo vā cattāro vā nibbattanti, na bahuke, ekasadiseyeva ca katvā nibbattenti, ekavidhameva kammaṃ kurumāne. Ayaṃ pana thero ekāvajjanena samaṇasahassaṃ māpesi, dvepi na kāyena ekasadise akāsi, na ekavidhaṃ kammaṃ kurumāne. Tasmā manomayaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimminantānaṃ aggo nāma jāto.

Idāni attano adhigatavisesaṃ dassetuṃ “pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmī”ti-ādimāha. Kāmañcāyaṃ thero chaḷabhiñño, yā pana abhiññā āsavakkhayañāṇādhigamassa bahūpakārā, taṃ dassanatthaṃ “pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitan”ti vatvā “tisso vijjā anuppattā”ti vuttaṃ. Pubbenivāsayathākammupaga-anāgataṃsañāṇāni hi vipassanācārassa bahūpakārāni, na tathā itarañāṇāni.

Sahassakkhattunti sahassaṃ. “Sahassavāran”ti keci vadanti. Ekāvajjanena pana thero sahasse manomaye kāye nimmini, na vārena. Te ca kho aññamaññamasadise vividhañca kammaṃ karonte. “Kiṃ pana sāvakānampi evarūpaṃ iddhinimmānaṃ sambhavatī”ti? Na sambhavati sabbesaṃ, abhinīhārasampattiyā pana ayameva thero evamakāsi, tathā hesa iminā aṅgena etadagge ṭhapito. Panthako nisīdīti attānameva paraṃ viya vadati. Ambavaneti, ambavane jīvakena katavihāre. Vehāsādupasaṅkaminti vehāsāti karaṇe nissakkavacanaṃ, vehāsenāti attho, da-kāro padasandhikaro. Athāti, mama nisajjāya pacchā. Paṭiggahīti dakkhiṇodakaṃ paṭiggaṇhi. Āyāgo sabbalokassāti, sabbassa sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyatāya deyyadhammaṃ ānetvā yajitabbaṭṭhānabhūto. Āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahoti, mahāphalabhāvakaraṇena dakkhiṇāhutīnaṃ paṭiggaṇhako. Paṭiggaṇhittha dakkhiṇanti jīvakena upanītaṃ yāgukhajjādibhedaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ paṭiggahesi.

Atha kho bhagavā katabhattakicco āyasmantaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ āṇāpesi– “anumodanaṃ karohī”ti. So sineruṃ gahetvā mahāsamuddaṃ manthento viya pabhinnapaṭisambhidāppattatāya tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ saṅkhobhento satthu ajjhāsayaṃ gaṇhanto anumodanaṃ akāsi. Tathā upanissayasampannopi cāyamāyasmā tathārūpāya kammapilotikāya paribādhito catuppadikaṃ gāthaṃ catūhipi māsehi gahetuṃ nāsakkhi. Taṃ panassa upanissayasampattiṃ oloketvā satthā pubbacariyānurūpaṃ yonisomanasikāre niyojesi. Tathā hi bhagavā tadā jīvakassa nivesane nisinno eva “cūḷapanthakassa cittaṃ samāhitaṃ, vīthipaṭipannā vipassanā”ti ñatvā yathānisinnova attānaṃ dassetvā, “panthaka, yadipāyaṃ pilotikā saṃkiliṭṭhā rajānukiṇṇā, ito pana añño eva ariyassa vinaye saṃkileso rajo cāti dassento–

“Rāgo rajo na ca pana reṇu vuccati, rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ rajoti;
etaṃ rajaṃ vippajahitvā bhikkhavo, viharanti te vītarajassa sāsane.
“Doso rajo…pe… sāsane;
“moho rajo…pe… vītarajassa sāsane”ti;–

imā tisso obhāsagāthā abhāsi; gāthāpariyosāne cūḷapanthako abhiññāpaṭisambhidāparivāraṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti;

cūḷapanthakattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;