6. Vaṅgantaputta-upasenattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vivittaṃ appanigghosanti-ādikā āyasmato upasenattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇamāno satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samantapāsādikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā satthu adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde nālakagāme rūpasārībrāhmaṇiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, upasenotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā upasampadāya ekavassiko “ariyagabbhaṃ vaḍḍhemī”ti ekaṃ kulaputtaṃ attano santike upasampādetvā tena saddhiṃ satthu santikaṃ gato. Satthārā cassa tassa avassikassa bhikkhuno saddhivihārikabhāvaṃ sutvā, “atilahuṃ kho tvaṃ, moghapurisa, bāhullāya āvatto”ti (mahāva. 75) garahito. “Idānāhaṃ yadipi parisaṃ nissāya satthārā garahito, parisaṃyeva pana nissāya satthu pāsaṃsopi bhavissāmī”ti vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.2.86-96)–

“Padumuttaraṃ bhagavantaṃ, lokajeṭṭhaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
pabbhāramhi nisīdantaṃ, upagacchiṃ naruttamaṃ.
“Kaṇikārapupphaṃ disvā, vaṇṭe chetvānahaṃ tadā;
alaṅkaritvā chattamhi, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
“Piṇḍapātañca pādāsiṃ, paramannaṃ subhojanaṃ;
buddhena navame tattha, samaṇe aṭṭha bhojayiṃ.
“Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
iminā chattadānena, paramannapavecchanā.
“Tena cittappasādena, sampattimanubhossasi;
chattiṃsakkhattuṃ devindo, devarajjaṃ karissati.
“Ekavīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, gaṇanāto asaṅkhiyaṃ.
“Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Sāsane dibbamānamhi, manussattaṃ gamissati;
tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito.
“Upasenoti nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako;
samantapāsādikattā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapessati.
“Carimaṃ vattate mayhaṃ, bhavā sabbe samūhatā;
dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhanaṃ.
“Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā sayampi sabbe dhutaṅgadhamme samādāya vattati, aññepi tadatthāya samādapeti tena naṃ bhagavā samantapāsādikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi; so aparena samayena kosambiyaṃ kalahe uppanne bhikkhusaṅghe ca dvidhābhūte ekena bhikkhunā taṃ kalahaṃ parivajjitukāmena “etarahi kho kalaho uppanno, saṅgho dvidhābhūto, kathaṃ nu kho mayā paṭipajjitabban”ti puṭṭho vivekavāsato paṭṭhāya tassa paṭipattiṃ kathento–

577. “vivittaṃ appanigghosaṃ, vāḷamiganisevitaṃ;

seve senāsanaṃ bhikkhu, paṭisallānakāraṇā.

578. “Saṅkārapuñjā āhatvā, susānā rathiyāhi ca;

tato saṅghāṭikaṃ katvā, lūkhaṃ dhāreyya cīvaraṃ.

579. “Nīcaṃ manaṃ karitvāna, sapadānaṃ kulā kulaṃ;

piṇḍikāya care bhikkhu, guttadvāro susaṃvuto.

580. “Lūkhenapi vā santusse, nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahuṃ;

rasesu anugiddhassa, jhāne na ramatī mano.

581. “Appiccho ceva santuṭṭho, pavivitto vase muni;

asaṃsaṭṭho gahaṭṭhehi, anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ.

582. “Yathā jaḷo va mūgo va, attānaṃ dassaye tathā;

nātivelaṃ sambhāseyya, saṅghamajjhamhi paṇḍito.

583. “Na so upavade kañci, upaghātaṃ vivajjaye;

saṃvuto pātimokkhasmiṃ, mattaññū cassa bhojane.

584. “Suggahītanimittassa, cittassuppādakovido.

Samathaṃ anuyuñjeyya, kālena ca vipassanaṃ.

585. “Vīriyasātaccasampanno, yuttayogo sadā siyā;

na ca appatvā dukkhantaṃ, vissāsaṃ eyya paṇḍito.

586. “Evaṃ viharamānassa, suddhikāmassa bhikkhuno;

khīyanti āsavā sabbe, nibbutiñcādhigacchatī”ti.–

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha vivittanti, janavivittaṃ suññaṃ araññādiṃ. Appanigghosanti, nissaddaṃ saddasaṅghaṭṭanarahitaṃ. Vāḷamiganisevitanti, sīhabyagghadīpivāḷamigehi caritaṃ. Imināpi janavivekaṃyeva dasseti pantasenāsanabhāvadīpanato. Senāsananti, sayituṃ āsayituñca yuttabhāvena vasanaṭṭhānaṃ idha senāsananti adhippetaṃ. Paṭisallānakāraṇāti, paṭisallānanimittaṃ, nānārammaṇato nivattetvā kammaṭṭhāneyeva cittassa paṭi paṭi sammadeva allīyanatthaṃ.

Evaṃ bhāvanānurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ niddisanto senāsane santosaṃ dassetvā idāni cīvarādīsupi taṃ dassetuṃ “saṃkārapuñjā”ti-ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha saṃkārapuñjāti saṃkārānaṃ puñjaṃ saṃkārapuñjaṃ, tato kacavaraṭṭhānā. Āhatvāti āharitvā. Tatoti tathā āhaṭacoḷakkhaṇḍehi. Karaṇe hi idaṃ nissakkavacanaṃ lūkhanti satthalūkharajanalūkhādinā lūkhaṃ avaṇṇāmaṭṭhaṃ. Dhāreyyāti nivāsanādivasena parihareyya, etena cīvarasantosaṃ vadati.

Nīca manaṃ karitvānāti “antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānan”ti-ādikaṃ (itivu. 91; saṃ. ni. 3.80) sugatovādaṃ anussaritvā nihatamānadappaṃ cittaṃ katvā. Sapadānanti gharesu avakhaṇḍarahitaṃ; anugharanti attho. Tenāha “kulā kulan”ti. Kulā kulanti kulato kulaṃ, kulānupubbiyā gharapaṭipāṭiyāti attho. Piṇḍikāyāti missakabhikkhāya, iminā piṇḍapātasantosaṃ vadati. Guttadvāroti supihitacakkhādidvāro. Susaṃvutoti hatthakukkuccādīnaṃ abhāvena suṭṭhu saṃvuto.

Lūkhenapi vāti apisaddo samuccaye, vā-saddo vikappe. Ubhayenapi lūkhenapi appenapi yena kenaci sulabhena itarītarena santusse samaṃ sammā tusseyya. Tenāha “nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahun”ti. Nāññaṃ patthe rasaṃ bahunti attanā yathāladdhato aññaṃ madhurādirasaṃ bahuṃ paṇītañca na pattheyya na piheyya, iminā gilānapaccayepi santoso dassito hoti. Rasesu gedhavāraṇatthaṃ pana kāraṇaṃ vadanto rasesu anugiddhassa, jhāne na ramatī mano”ti āha. Indriyasaṃvarampi aparipūrentassa kuto vikkhittacittasamādhānanti adhippāyo.

Evaṃ catūsu paccayesu sallekhapaṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni avasiṭṭhakathāvatthūni dassetuṃ “appiccho cevā”ti-ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha appicchoti, aniccho catūsu paccayesu icchārahito, tena catubbidhapaccayesu taṇhuppādavikkhambhanamāha. Santuṭṭhoti, catūsu paccayesu yathālābhasantosādinā santuṭṭho. Yo hi–

“Atītaṃ nānusoceyya, nappajappeyyanāgataṃ;
paccuppannena yāpeyya, so ‘santuṭṭho’ti pavuccatī”ti.

Pavivittoti gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya kāyena pavivitto vūpakaṭṭho. Cittavivekādike hi parato vakkhati. Vaseti sabbattha yojetabbaṃ. Moneyyadhammasamannāgamena muni. Asaṃsaṭṭhoti dassanasavanasamullapanasambhogakāyasaṃsaggānaṃ abhāvena asaṃsaṭṭho yathāvuttasaṃsaggarahito. Ubhayanti, gahaṭṭhehi anāgārehi cāti ubhayehipi asaṃsaṭṭho. Karaṇe hi idaṃ paccattavacanaṃ.

Attānaṃ dassaye tathāti ajaḷo amūgopi samāno yathā jaḷo vā mūgo vā, tathā attānaṃ dasseyya, etena pāgabbiyappahānamāha. Jaḷo va mūgo vāti ca gāthāsukhatthaṃ rassattaṃ kataṃ, samuccayattho ca vāsaddo. Nātivelaṃ sambhāseyyāti ativelaṃ atikkantapamāṇaṃ na bhāseyya, mattabhāṇī assāti attho. Saṅghamajjhamhīti bhikkhusaṅghe, janasamūhe vā.

Na so upavade kañcīti so yathāvuttapaṭipattiko bhikkhu hīnaṃ vā majjhimaṃ vā ukkaṭṭhaṃ vā yaṃkiñci na vācāya upavadeyya. Upaghātaṃ vivajjayeti kāyena upaghātaṃ pariviheṭhanaṃ vajjeyya. Saṃvuto pātimokkhasminti pātimokkhamhi pātimokkhasaṃvarasīle saṃvuto assa, pātimokkhasaṃvarena pihitakāyavāco siyāti attho. Mattaññū cassa bhojaneti pariyesanapaṭiggahaṇaparibhogavissajjanesu bhojane pamāṇaññū siyā.

Suggahītanimittassāti “evaṃ me manasi karoto cittaṃ samāhitaṃ ahosī”ti tadākāraṃ sallakkhento suṭṭhu gahitasamādhinimitto assa. “Suggahītanimitto so”tipi pāṭho, so yogīti attho. Cittassuppādakovidoti evaṃ bhāvayato cittaṃ līnaṃ hoti, “evaṃ uddhatan”ti līnassa uddhatassa ca cittassa uppattikāraṇe kusalo assa. Līne hi citte dhammavicayavīriyapītisambojjhaṅgā bhāvetabbā, uddhate passaddhisamādhi-upekkhāsambojjhaṅgā. Satisambojjhaṅgo pana sabbattha icchitabbo. Tenāha bhagavā– “yasmiñca kho, bhikkhave, samaye līnaṃ cittaṃ hoti, kālo tasmiṃ samaye dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāyā”ti-ādi (saṃ. ni. 5.234). Samathaṃ anuyuñjeyyāti samathabhāvanaṃ bhāveyya, anuppannaṃ samādhiṃ uppādeyya, uppannañca yāva vasībhāvappatti, tāva vaḍḍheyya byūheyyāti attho. Kālena ca vipassananti yathāladdhaṃ samādhiṃ nikantiyā apariyādānena hānabhāgiyaṃ ṭhitibhāgiyaṃ vā akatvā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃva katvā kālena vipassanañca anuyuñjeyya. Atha vā kālena ca vipassananti samathaṃ anuyuñjanto tassa thirībhūtakāle saṅkocaṃ anāpajjitvā ariyamaggādhigamāya vipassanaṃ anuyuñjeyya. Yathāha–

“Atha vā samādhilābhena, vivittasayanena vā;
bhikkhu vissāsamāpādi, appatto āsavakkhayan”ti. (Dha. pa. 271-272).

Tena vuttaṃ– “vīriyasātaccasampanno”ti-ādi. Satatabhāvo sātaccaṃ, vīriyassa sātaccaṃ, tena sampanno samannāgato, satatapavattavīriyo, niccapaggahitavīriyoti attho. Yuttayogo sadā siyāti sabbakālaṃ bhāvanānuyutto siyā. Dukkhantanti vaṭṭadukkhassa antaṃ pariyosānaṃ nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ appatvā vissāsaṃ na eyya na gaccheyya. “Ahaṃ parisuddhasīlo jhānalābhī abhiññālābhī vipassanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetvā ṭhito”ti vā vissaṭṭho na bhaveyyāti attho.

Evaṃ viharamānassāti, evaṃ vivittasenāsanasevanādinā vipassanāvasena yuttayogatāpariyosānena vidhinā viharantassa. Suddhikāmassāti, ñāṇadassanavisuddhiṃ accantavisuddhiṃ nibbānaṃ arahattañca icchantassa. Saṃsāre bhayassa ikkhato bhikkhuno, kāmāsavādayo sabbe āsavā khīyanti khayaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti, tesaṃ khayagamaneneva sa-upādisesa-anupādisesapabhedaṃ duvidhampi nibbānaṃ adhigacchati pāpuṇāti.

Evaṃ thero tassa bhikkhuno ovādadānāpadesena attanā tathāpaṭipannabhāvaṃ dīpento aññaṃ byākāsi.

Vaṅgantaputta-upasenattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.