14. Cuddasakanipāto

1. Khadiravaniyarevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cuddasakanipāte yadā ahanti-ādikā āyasmato khadiravaniyarevatattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Kāmañcimassa therassa gāthā heṭṭhā ekakanipāte (theragā. aṭṭha. 1. khadiravaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā) āgatā. Tattha panassa attano bhāgineyyesu satijananamattaṃ dassitanti tassā ekakanipāte saṅgaho kato. Imā pana therassa pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya yāva parinibbānā paṭipattipakāsitā gāthā imasmiṃ cuddasakanipāte saṅgahaṃ āropitā. Tattha aṭṭhuppatti heṭṭhā vuttāyeva. Ayaṃ pana viseso– thero kira arahattaṃ patvā kālena kālaṃ satthu dhammasenāpatippabhūtīnaṃ mahātherānañca upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā katipāhameva tattha vasitvā khadiravanameva paccāgantvā phalasamāpattisukhena brahmavihārehi ca vītināmeti. Evaṃ gacchante kāle jiṇṇo vuḍḍho vayo anuppatto ahosi. So ekadivasaṃ buddhupaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge sāvatthiyā avidūre araññe vasi. Tena ca samayena corā nagare katakammā ārakkhamanussehi anubandhā palāyantā therassa samīpe gahitabhaṇḍaṃ chaḍḍetvā palāyiṃsu. Manussā anudhāvantā therassa samīpe bhaṇḍaṃ disvā theraṃ bandhitvā “coro”ti saññāya gahetvā rañño dassesuṃ, “ayaṃ, deva, coro”ti. Rājā theraṃ muñcāpetvā, “kiṃ, bhante, tumhehi idaṃ corikakammaṃ kataṃ vā, no vā”ti pucchi. Thero kiñcāpi jātito paṭṭhāya attanā tādisaṃ na katapubbaṃ, taṃ pabbajitato paṭṭhāya pana akatabhāvassa, sabbaso kilesānaṃ samucchinnattā tādisassa karaṇe abhabbatāya pakāsanatthaṃ samīpe ṭhitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rañño ca dhammaṃ desento–

645. “Yadā ahaṃ pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

nābhijānāmi saṅkappaṃ, anariyaṃ dosasaṃhitaṃ.

646. “‘Ime haññantu vajjhantu, dukkhaṃ pappontu pāṇino’;

saṅkappaṃ nābhijānāmi, imasmiṃ dīghamantare.

647. “Mettañca abhijānāmi, appamāṇaṃ subhāvitaṃ;

anupubbaṃ paricitaṃ, yathā buddhena desitaṃ.

648. “Sabbamitto sabbasakho, sabbabhūtānukampako;

mettacittañca bhāvemi, abyāpajjarato sadā.

649. “Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, cittaṃ āmodayāmahaṃ;

brahmavihāraṃ bhāvemi, akāpurisasevitaṃ.

650. “Avitakkaṃ samāpanno, sammāsambuddhasāvako;

ariyena tuṇhībhāvena, upeto hoti tāvade.

651. “Yathāpi pabbato selo, acalo suppatiṭṭhito;

evaṃ mohakkhayā bhikkhu, pabbatova na vedhati.

652. “Anaṅgaṇassa posassa, niccaṃ sucigavesino;

vālaggamattaṃ pāpassa, abbhamattaṃva khāyati.

653. “Nagaraṃ yathā paccantaṃ, guttaṃ santarabāhiraṃ;

evaṃ gopetha attānaṃ, khaṇo vo mā upaccagā.

654. “Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ, nābhinandāmi jīvitaṃ;

kālañca paṭikaṅkhāmi, nibbisaṃ bhatako yathā.

655. “Nābhinandāmi maraṇaṃ, nābhinandāmi jīvitaṃ;

kālañca paṭikaṅkhāmi, sampajāno patissato.

656. “Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.

657. “Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;

so me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.

658. “Sampādethappamādena, esā me anusāsanī;

handāhaṃ parinibbissaṃ vippamuttomhi sabbadhī”ti.– Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tatthāyaṃ apubbapadavaṇṇanā imasmiṃ dīghamantareti, yadā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi, tato paṭṭhāya ayañca me carimakālo, etasmiṃ dīghamantare kāle “idaṃ mayhaṃ hotū”ti abhijjhāvasena vā, “ime sattā haññantū”ti-ādinā byāpādavasena vā anariyaṃ dosasaṃhitaṃ saṅkappaṃ nābhijānāmīti yojanā.

Mettañca abhijānāmīti, mijjati siniyhati etāyāti mettā, abyāpādo. Mettā etissā atthīti mettā, mettābhāvanā mettābrahmavihāro, taṃ mettaṃ. Ca-saddena karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhañcāti itarabrahmavihāre saṅgaṇhāti. Abhijānāmīti, abhimukhato jānāmi. Adhigatañhi jhānaṃ paccavekkhato paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa abhimukhaṃ hoti. Kīdisanti āha “appamāṇan”ti-ādi. Tañhi yathā buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ, tathā anodissakapharaṇavasena aparimāṇasattārammaṇatāya appamāṇaṃ. Paguṇabalavabhāvāpādanena suṭṭhu bhāvitattā subhāvitaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ mettā, tato karuṇā, tato muditā, pacchā upekkhāti evaṃ anupubbaṃ anukkamena paricitaṃ āsevitaṃ, bahulīkataṃ abhijānāmīti yojanā.

Sabbesaṃ sattānaṃ mitto, sabbe vā te mayhaṃ mittāti sabbamitto. Mettañhi bhāvento sattānaṃ piyo hoti. Sabbasakhoti, etthāpi eseva nayo. Sabbabhūtānukampakoti, sabbasattānaṃ anuggaṇhanako. Mettacittañca bhāvemīti, mettāya sahitaṃ sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ visesato bhāvemi, vaḍḍhemi, pakāsemi vā akathentepi bhāvanāya ukkaṃsagatabhāvato. “Mettaṃ cittañca bhāvemī”ti vā pāṭho. Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttanayova. Abyāpajjaratoti, abyāpajje sattānaṃ hitūpasaṃhāre abhirato. Sadāti, sabbakālaṃ, tena tattha sātaccakiriyaṃ dasseti.

Asaṃhīranti na saṃhīraṃ, āsannapaccatthikena rāgena anākaḍḍhaniyaṃ. Asaṃkuppanti na kuppaṃ, dūrapaccatthikena byāpādena akopiyaṃ, evaṃbhūtaṃ katvā mama mettacittaṃ āmodayāmi abhippamodayāmi brahmavihāraṃ bhāvemi. Akāpurisasevitanti, kāpurisehi nīcajanehi asevitaṃ, akāpurisehi vā ariyehi buddhādīhi sevitaṃ brahmaṃ seṭṭhaṃ niddosaṃ mettādivihāraṃ bhāvemi vaḍḍhemīti attho.

Evaṃ attuddesavasena pañcahi gāthāhi attano paṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ aññāpadesena dassento “avitakkan”ti-ādinā catasso gāthā abhāsi. Tattha avitakkaṃ samāpannoti, vitakkavirahitaṃ dutiyādijhānaṃ samāpanno, etena thero brahmavihārabhāvanāya aññāpadesena attanā dutiyādijhānādhigamamāha. Yasmā panāyaṃ thero tameva jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā ekāsaneneva arahattaṃ gaṇhi, tasmā tamatthaṃ aññāpadeseneva dassento “avitakkaṃ samāpanno”ti vatvā “sammāsambuddhasāvako. Ariyena tuṇhībhāvena, upeto hoti tāvade”ti āha. Tattha vacīsaṅkhārābhāvato avitakkāvicārā samāpatti “ariyo tuṇhībhāvo”ti vadanti. “Sannipatitānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo”ti (ma. ni. 1.273) pana vacanato yā kāci samāpatti ariyo tuṇhībhāvo nāma. Idha pana catutthajjhānikā aggaphalasamāpatti adhippetā.

Idāni tassādhigatattā lokadhammehi akampanīyataṃ upamāya pakāsento “yathāpi pabbato”ti gāthamāha. Tattha yathāpi pabbato seloti, yathā silāmayo ekaghanaselo pabbato, na paṃsupabbato na missakapabbatoti attho. Acalo suppatiṭṭhitoti, suṭṭhu patiṭṭhitamūlo pakativātehi acalo akampanīyo hoti, tasmā arahattaṃ nibbānañca evaṃ mohakkhayā bhikkhu, pabbatova na vedhatīti mohassa anavasesappahānā, mohamūlakattā ca sabbākusalānaṃ pahīnasabbākusalo bhikkhu yathā so pabbato pakativātehi, evaṃ lokadhammehi na vedhati na kampati, mohakkhayoti vā yasmā arahattaṃ nibbānañca vuccati tasmā mohakkhayāti mohakkhayassa hetu nibbānassa arahattassa ca adhigatattā catūsu ariyasaccesu suppatiṭṭhito asamāpannakālepi pabbato viya na vedhati, pageva samāpannakāleti adhippāyo.

Idāni pāpaṃ nāmetaṃ asucisīlo eva samācarati, na ca sucisīlo, sucisīlassa pana taṃ aṇumattampi bhāriyaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhātīti dassento “anaṅgaṇassā”ti-ādigāthamāha Tassattho– rāgādi-aṅgaṇābhāvato anaṅgaṇassa sabbakālaṃ suci-anavajjadhamme eva gavesantassa sappurisassa vālaggamattaṃ kesaggamattaṃ pāpassa lesamattampi sakalaṃ lokadhātuṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ abbhamattaṃ hutvā upaṭṭhāti, tasmā na evarūpe kamme mādisā āsaṅkitabbāti adhippāyo.

Yasmā nikkilesesupi andhabālā evarūpe apavāde samuṭṭhāpenti, tasmā atthakāmehi sakkaccaṃ attā rakkhitabboti ovādaṃ dento “nagaraṃ yathā”ti-ādigāthamāha. Tassattho– yathā pana paccantanagaravāsīhi manussehi paccantaṃ nagaraṃ dvārapākārādīni thirāni karontehi sa-antaraṃ, uddāpaparikhādīni thirāni karontehi sabāhiranti santarabāhiraṃ guttaṃ karīyati, evaṃ tumhehipi satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā ajjhattikāni cha dvārāni pidahitvā dvārarakkhitaṃ satiṃ avissajjetvā yathā gayhamānāni bāhirāni cha āyatanāni ajjhattikāni upaghātāya saṃvattanti, tathā aggahaṇena tānipi thirāni katvā tesaṃ appavesāya dvārarakkhitaṃ satiṃ appahāya vicarantā attānaṃ gopetha. Kasmā? Khaṇo vo mā upaccagā. Yo hi evaṃ attānaṃ na gopeti, taṃ puggalaṃ buddhuppādakkhaṇo, manussattabhāvakkhaṇo, majjhimadese uppattikkhaṇo, sammādiṭṭhiyā paṭiladdhakkhaṇo, channaṃ āyatanānaṃ avekallakkhaṇoti sabbopi ayaṃ khaṇo atikkamati, so khaṇo tumhe mā atikkamatūti.

Evaṃ thero imāya gāthāya sarājikaṃ parisaṃ bhikkhū ca ovaditvā puna maraṇe jīvite ca attano samacittataṃ katakiccatañca pakāsento “nābhinandāmi maraṇan”ti-ādimāha. Taṃ heṭṭhā vuttatthameva (theragā. aṭṭha. 2.607).

Evaṃ pana vatvā attano parinibbānakālaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ disvā saṅkhepeneva nesaṃ ovādaṃ datvā parinibbānaṃ pavedento osānagāthamāha. Tattha sampādethappamādenāti sampādetabbaṃ dānasīlādiṃ appamādena sampādetha, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikapabhede gahaṭṭhavatte sīlānurakkhaṇe samatha-anuyoge vipassanābhāvanāya ca appamattā hotha. Esā me anusāsanīti dānasīlādīsu na pamajjathāti esā mama anusiṭṭhi ovādo.

Evaṃ sikhāpattaṃ parahitapaṭipattiṃ dīpetvā attahitapaṭipattiyāpi matthakaṃ gaṇhanto “handāhaṃ parinibbissaṃ, vippamuttomhi sabbadhī”ti āha. Tattha vippamuttomhi sabbadhīti sabbaso kilesehi bhavehi ca vippamutto amhi, tasmā ekaṃsena parinibbāyissāmīti.

Evaṃ pana vatvā ākāse pallaṅkena nisinno tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā pajjalanto anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.

Khadiravaniyarevatattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.