2. Godattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yathāpi bhaddoti-ādikā āyasmato godattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ satthavāhakule nibbatto. Godattoti nāmena vayappatto pitari kālaṅkate kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapento pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya aparāparaṃ sañcaritvā vāṇijjena jīvikaṃ kappeti yathāvibhavaṃ puññānipi karoti. So ekadivasaṃ antarāmagge dhure yuttagoṇe vahituṃ asakkonte patite manussesu taṃ vuṭṭhāpetuṃ asakkontesu sayameva gantvā taṃ naṅguṭṭhe gāḷhaṃ vijjhi. Goṇo “ayaṃ asappuriso mama balābalaṃ ajānanto gāḷhaṃ vijjhatī”ti kuddho manussavācāya, “bho godatta, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ attano balaṃ aniguhanto tuyhaṃ bhāraṃ vahiṃ, ajja pana asamatthabhāvena patitaṃ maṃ ativiya bādhasi, hotu, ito cavitvā nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne taṃ bādhetuṃ samattho paṭisattu bhaveyyan”ti patthanānurūpena akkosi. Taṃ sutvā godatto “evaṃ nāma satte bādhetvā kiṃ imāya jīvikāyā”ti saṃvegajāto sabbaṃ vibhavaṃ pahāya aññatarassa mahātherassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ patvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento ekadivasaṃ attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ gahaṭṭhapabbajitānaṃ ariyagaṇānaṃ lokadhamme ārabbha dhammaṃ kathento–

659. “Yathāpi bhaddo ājañño, dhure yutto dhurassaho;

mathito atibhārena, saṃyugaṃ nātivattati.

660. “Evaṃ paññāya ye tittā, samuddo vārinā yathā;

na pare atimaññanti, ariyadhammova pāṇinaṃ.

661. “Kāle kālavasaṃ pattā, bhavābhavavasaṃ gatā;

narā dukkhaṃ nigacchanti, tedha socanti māṇavā.

662. “Unnatā sukhadhammena, dukkhadhammena conatā;

dvayena bālā haññanti, yathābhūtaṃ adassino.

663. “Ye ca dukkhe sukhasmiñca, majjhe sibbinimaccagū;

ṭhitā te indakhīlova, na te unnata-onatā.

664. “Na heva lābhe nālābhe, na yase na ca kittiyā;

na nindāyaṃ pasaṃsāya, na te dukkhe sukhamhi ca.

665. “Sabbattha te na limpanti, udabinduva pokkhare;

sabbattha sukhitā dhīrā, sabbattha aparājitā.

666. “Dhammena ca alābho yo, yo ca lābho adhammiko;

alābho dhammiko seyyo, yañce lābho adhammiko.

667. “Yaso ca appabuddhīnaṃ, viññūnaṃ ayaso ca yo;

ayasova seyyo viññūnaṃ, na yaso appabuddhinaṃ.

668. “Dummedhehi pasaṃsā ca, viññūhi garahā ca yā;

garahāva seyyo viññūhi, yañce bālappasaṃsanā.

669. “Sukhañca kāmamayikaṃ, dukkhañca pavivekiyaṃ;

pavivekadukkhaṃ seyyo, yañce kāmamayaṃ sukhaṃ.

670. “Jīvitañca adhammena, dhammena maraṇañca yaṃ;

maraṇaṃ dhammikaṃ seyyo, yañce jīve adhammikaṃ.

671. “Kāmakopappahīnā ye, santacittā bhavābhave;

caranti loke asitā, natthi tesaṃ piyāpiyaṃ.

672. “Bhāvayitvāna bojjhaṅge, indriyāni balāni ca;

pappuyya paramaṃ santiṃ, parinibbantināsavā”ti.– Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha ājaññoti, usabhājānīyo. Dhure yuttoti, sakaṭadhure yojito. Dhurassahoti, dhuravāho. Gāthāsukhatthañcettha dvisakārato niddeso kato, sakaṭabhāraṃ vahituṃ samatthoti attho. Mathito atibhārenāti, atibhārena garubhārena pīḷito. “Maddito”tipi pāḷi, so evattho. Saṃyuganti, attano khandhe ṭhapitaṃ yugaṃ nātivattati na atikkāmeti, sammā yo uddharitvā dhuraṃ chaḍḍetvā na tiṭṭhati. Evanti yathā so dhorayho attano bhadrājānīyatāya attano dhīravīratāya attano bhāraṃ nātivattati na pariccajati, evaṃ ye vārinā viya mahāsamuddo lokiyalokuttarāya paññāya tittā dhātā paripuṇṇā, te pare nihīnapaññe na atimaññanti, na paribhavanti. Tattha kāraṇamāha “ariyadhammova pāṇinan”ti, pāṇinaṃ sattesu ayaṃ ariyānaṃ dhammo yadidaṃ tesaṃ paññāya pāripūriṃ gatattā lābhādinā attānukkaṃsanaṃ viya alābhādinā paresaṃ avambhanaṃ.

Evaṃ paññāpāripūriyā ariyānaṃ sukhavihāraṃ dassetvā tadabhāvato anariyānaṃ dukkhavihāraṃ dassetuṃ “kāle”ti-ādi vuttaṃ. Tattha kāleti lābhālābhādinā samaṅgībhūtakāle. Kālavasaṃ pattāti lābhādikālassa ca vasaṃ upagatā, lābhādinā somanassitā alābhādinā ca domanassitāti attho. Bhavābhavavasaṃ gatāti bhavassa abhavassa ca vasaṃ upagatā vuddhihāniyo anuvattantā te. Narā dukkhaṃ nigacchanti, tedha socanti māṇavāti te narā “māṇavā”ti laddhanāmā sattā lābhālābhādivasena vuddhihānivasena anurodhapaṭivirodhaṃ āpannā idhaloke socanti, paraloke ca nirayādidukkhaṃ gacchanti pāpuṇantīti attho.

“Unnatā”ti-ādināpi lokadhammavasena sattānaṃ anatthappattimeva dasseti. Tattha unnatā sukhadhammenāti sukhahetunā sukhapaccayena bhogasampatti-ādinā unnatiṃ gatā, bhogamadādinā mattāti attho. Dukkhadhammena conatāti dukkhahetunā dukkhapaccayena bhogavipatti-ādinā nihīnataṃ gatā dāliddiyādinā kāpaññataṃ pattā. Dvayenāti yathāvuttena unnati-onatidvayena lābhālābhādidvayena vā bālaputhujjanā haññanti, anurodhapaṭivirodhavasena vibādhīyanti pīḷiyanti. Kasmā? Yathābhūtaṃ adassino yasmā te dhammasabhāvaṃ yāthāvato nabbhaññaṃsu, pariññātakkhandhā pahīnakilesā ca na honti, tasmāti attho. “Yathābhūtaṃ adassanā”tipi paṭhanti, adassanahetūti attho. Ye ca dukkhe sukhasmiñca, majjhe sibbinimaccagūti ye pana ariyā dukkhavedanāya sukhavedanāya majjhattatāvedanāya ca tappaṭibaddhaṃ chandarāgabhūtaṃ sibbiniṃ taṇhaṃ aggamaggādhigamena accagū atikkamiṃsu, te indakhīlo viya vātehi lokadhammehi asampakampiyā ṭhitā, na te unnata-onatā, kadācipi unnatā vā onatā vā na honti sabbaso anunayapaṭighābhāvato.

Evaṃ vedanādhiṭṭhānaṃ arahato anupalepaṃ dassetvā idāni lokadhamme vibhajitvā sabbatthakamevassa anupalepaṃ dassento “na hevā”ti-ādimāha. Tattha lābheti cīvarādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ paṭilābhe. Alābheti tesaṃyeva appaṭilābhe apagame. Na yaseti parivārahāniyaṃ akittiyañca. Kittiyāti parammukhā kittane patthaṭayasatāyaṃ. Nindāyanti sammukhā garahāyaṃ. Pasaṃsāyanti, paccakkhato guṇābhitthavane. Dukkheti dukkhe uppanne. Sukheti etthāpi eseva nayo.

Sabbatthāti sabbasmiṃ yathāvutte aṭṭhavidhepi lokadhamme, sabbattha vā rūpādike visaye te khīṇāsavā na limpanti sabbaso pahīnakilesattā. Yathā kiṃ? Udabinduva pokkhare yathā kamaladale jalabindu allīyitvā ṭhitampi tena na limpati, jalabindunā ca kamaladalaṃ, aññadatthu visaṃsaṭṭhameva, evametepi upaṭṭhite lābhādike, āpāthagate rūpādi-ārammaṇe ca visaṃsaṭṭhā evaṃ. Tato eva dhīrā paṇḍitā sabbattha lābhādīsu ñāṇamukhena piyanimittānaṃ sokādīnañca abhāvato sukhitā lābhādīhi ca anabhibhavanīyato sabbattha aparājitāva honti.

Idāni lābhālābhādīsu seyyaṃ niddhāretvā dassento “dhammenā”ti-ādimāha. Tattha dhammena ca alābho yoti yo dhammaṃ rakkhantassa taṃnimittaṃ alābho lābhābhāvo, lābhahāni. Yo ca lābho adhammiko adhammena aññāyena buddhapaṭikuṭṭhena vidhinā uppanno, tesu dvīsu alābho dhammiko dhammāvaho seyyo, yādisaṃ lābhaṃ parivajjantassa akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, tādiso alābho pāsaṃsataro atthāvaho. Yañce lābho adhammikoti yo lābho adhammena uppanno, so na seyyoti adhippāyo.

Yaso ca appabuddhīnaṃ, viññūnaṃ ayaso ca yoti yo appabuddhīnaṃ duppaññānaṃ vasena puggalassa yaso labbhati, yo ca viññūnaṃ paṇḍitānaṃ vasena ayaso yasahāni. Imesu dvīsu ayasova seyyo viññūnaṃ. Te hissa yathā akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, evaṃ yasahāniṃ iccheyyuṃ, tathā ca bhabbajātiko taṃ aguṇaṃ pahāya guṇe patiṭṭheyya. Na yaso appabuddhīnanti duppaññānaṃ vasena yaso seyyo hoti, te hi abhūtaguṇābhibyāhāravasenāpi naṃ uppādeyyuṃ, so cassa idha ceva viññūgarahādinā samparāye ca duggatiyaṃ dukkhaparikkilesādinā anatthāvaho. Tenāha bhagavā– “lābho siloko sakkāro, micchāladdho ca yo yaso”ti (su. ni. 440) “sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hantī”ti (cūḷava. 335; a. ni. 4.68) ca.

Dummedhehīti, nippaññehi. Yañce bālappasaṃsanāti bālehi aviddasūhi yā nāma pasaṃsanā.

Kāmamayikanti vatthukāmamayaṃ, kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppannaṃ. Dukkhañca pavivekiyanti pavivekato nibbattaṃ kāyakilamathavasena pavattaṃ visamāsanupatāpādihetukaṃ kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ, taṃ pana nirāmisavivaṭṭūpanissayatāya viññūnaṃ pāsaṃsā. Tena vuttaṃ “pavivekadukkhaṃ seyyo”ti.

Jīvitañca adhammenāti adhammena jīvikakappanaṃ jīvitahetu adhammacaraṇaṃ. Dhammena maraṇaṃ nāma “imaṃ nāma pāpaṃ akarontaṃ taṃ māressāmī”ti kenaci vutte mārentepi tasmiṃ pāpaṃ akatvā dhammaṃ avikopentassa dhammahetumaraṇaṃ dhammikaṃ seyyoti tādisaṃ maraṇaṃ dhammato anapetattā dhammikaṃ saggasampāpanato nibbānupanissayato ca viññūnaṃ pāsaṃsataraṃ. Tathā hi vuttaṃ–

“Caje dhanaṃ aṅgavarassa hetu, aṅgaṃ caje jīvitaṃ rakkhamāno;
aṅgaṃ dhanaṃ jīvitañcāpi sabbaṃ, caje naro dhammamanussaranto”ti. (Jā. 2.21.470).

Yañce jīve adhammikanti puriso yaṃ dhammato apetaṃ jīvikaṃ jīveyya, taṃ na seveyya viññūhi garahitattā apāyasampāpanato cāti adhippāyo.

Idāni yathāvuttaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ anupalepaṃ kāraṇato dassento “kāmakopapahīnā”ti-ādigāthamāha.

Tattha kāmakopapahīnāti ariyamaggena sabbasova pahīnā anurodhapaṭivirodhā. Santacittā bhavābhaveti khuddake ceva mahante ca bhave anavasesapahīnakilesapariḷāhatāya vūpasantacittā. Loketi khandhādiloke. Asitāti taṇhādiṭṭhinissayavasena anissitā. Natthi tesaṃ piyāpiyanti tesaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ katthaci lābhādike rūpādivisaye ca piyaṃ vā apiyaṃ vā natthi, taṃnimittānaṃ kilesānaṃ sabbaso samucchinnattā.

Idāni yāya bhāvanāya te evarūpā jātā, taṃ dassetvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanāya kūṭaṃ gaṇhanto “bhāvayitvānā”ti osānagāthamāha. Tattha pappuyyāti, pāpuṇitvā. Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Imā eva ca gāthā therassa aññābyākaraṇāpi ahesuṃ.

Godattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Cuddasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.