2. Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Manussabhūtanti-ādikā āyasmato udāyittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kapilavatthusmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā udāyīti laddhanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā, paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tayo hi ime udāyittherā amaccaputto pubbe āgato kāḷudāyī, kovariyaputto lāludāyī, ayaṃ brāhmaṇaputto mahā-udāyīti. Svāyaṃ ekadivasaṃ satthārā setavāraṇaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahājanena pasaṃsiyamānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā nāgopamasuttante (a. ni. 6.43) desite desanāpariyosāne attano ñāṇabalānurūpaṃ satthu guṇe anussaritvā, buddhārammaṇāya pītiyā samussāhitamānaso “ayaṃ mahājano imaṃ tiracchānagataṃ nāgaṃ pasaṃsati, na buddhamahānāgaṃ. Handāhaṃ buddhamahāgandhahatthino guṇe pākaṭe karissāmī”ti satthāraṃ thomento–

689. “Manussabhūtaṃ sambuddhaṃ, attadantaṃ samāhitaṃ;

iriyamānaṃ brahmapathe, cittassūpasame rataṃ.

690. “Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāraguṃ;

devāpi taṃ namassanti, iti me arahato sutaṃ.

691. “Sabbasaṃyojanātītaṃ vanā nibbanamāgataṃ;

kāmehi nekkhammarataṃ, muttaṃ selāva kañcanaṃ.

692. “Sa ve accaruci nāgo, himavāvaññe siluccaye;

sabbesaṃ nāganāmānaṃ, saccanāmo anuttaro.

693. “Nāgaṃ vo kittayissāmi, na hi āguṃ karoti so;

soraccaṃ avihiṃsā ca, pādā nāgassa te duve.

694. “Sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare;

saddhāhattho mahānāgo, upekkhāsetadantavā.

695. “Sati gīvā siro paññā, vīmaṃsā dhammacintanā;

dhammakucchisamāvāso, viveko tassa vāladhi.

696. “So jhāyī assāsarato, ajjhattaṃ susamāhito;

gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo, ṭhito nāgo samāhito.

697. “Sayaṃ samāhito nāgo, nisinnopi samāhito;

sabbattha saṃvuto nāgo, esā nāgassa sampadā.

698. “Bhuñjati anavajjāni, sāvajjāni na bhuñjati;

ghāsamacchādanaṃ laddhā, sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ.

699. “Saṃyojanaṃ aṇuṃ thūlaṃ, sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhanaṃ;

yena yeneva gacchati, anapekkhova gacchati.

700. “Yathāpi udake jātaṃ, puṇḍarīkaṃ pavaḍḍhati;

nopalippati toyena, sucigandhaṃ manoramaṃ.

701. “Tatheva ca loke jāto, buddho loke viharati;

nopalippati lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā.

702. “Mahāgini pajjalito, anāhāropasammati;

aṅgāresu ca santesu, nibbutoti pavuccati.

703. “Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanī, upamā viññūhi desitā;

viññissanti mahānāgā, nāgaṃ nāgena desitaṃ.

704. “Vītarāgo vītadoso, vītamoho anāsavo;

sarīraṃ vijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavo”ti.– Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha manussabhūtanti manussesu bhūtaṃ, nibbattaṃ; manussattabhāvaṃ vā pattaṃ. Satthā hi āsavakkhayañāṇādhigamena sabbagativimuttopi carimattabhāve gahitapaṭisandhivasena “manusso”tveva voharīyatīti. Guṇavasena pana devānaṃ atidevo, brahmānaṃ atibrahmā. Sambuddhanti sayameva bujjhitabbabuddhavantaṃ. Attadantanti attanāyeva dantaṃ. Bhagavā hi attanāyeva uppāditena ariyamaggena cakkhutopi…pe… manatopi uttamena damathena danto. Samāhitanti aṭṭhavidhena samādhinā maggaphalasamādhinā ca samāhitaṃ. Iriyamānaṃ brahmapatheti catubbidhepi brahmavihārapathe, brahme vā seṭṭhe phalasamāpattipathe samāpajjanavasena pavattamānaṃ. Kiñcāpi bhagavā na sabbakālaṃ yathāvutte brahmapathe iriyati, tattha iriyasāmatthiyaṃ pana tanninnatañca upādāya “iriyamānan”ti vuttaṃ. Cittassūpasame ratanti cittassa upasamahetubhūte sabbasaṅkhārasamathe, nibbāne, abhirataṃ. Yaṃ manussā namassanti, sabbadhammāna pāragunti yaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ sabbesaṃ khandhāyatanādidhammānaṃ abhiññāpāragū, pariññāpāragū, pahānapāragū, bhāvanāpāragū, sacchikiriyapāragū, samāpattipāragūti chadhā pāraguṃ paramukkaṃsagatasampattiṃ khattiyapaṇḍitādayo manussā namassanti. Dhammānudhammapaṭipattiyā pūjentā kāyena vācāya manasā ca tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā honti. Devāpi taṃ namassantīti na kevalaṃ manussā eva, atha kho aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu devāpi taṃ namassanti. Iti me arahato sutanti evaṃ mayā ārakattādīhi kāraṇehi arahato, bhagavato, dhammasenāpati-ādīnañca “satthā devamanussānan”ti-ādikaṃ vadantānaṃ santike evaṃ sutanti dasseti.

Sabbasaṃyojanātītanti sabbāni dasapi saṃyojanāni yathārahaṃ catūhi maggehi saha vāsanāya atikkantaṃ. Vanā nibbanamāgatanti kilesavanato tabbirahitaṃ nibbanaṃ upagataṃ. Kāmehi nekkhammaratanti sabbaso kāmehi nikkhamitvā pabbajjājhānavipassanādibhede nekkhamme abhirataṃ. Muttaṃ selāva kañcananti asārato nissaṭasārasabhāvattā selato nissaṭakañcanasadisaṃ devāpi taṃ namassantīti yojanā.

Sa ve accaruci nāgoti so ekaṃsato āguṃ na karoti, punabbhavaṃ na gacchati; nāgo viya balavāti. “Nāgo”ti laddhanāmo sammāsambuddho, accarucīti attano kāyaruciyā ñāṇaruciyā ca sadevakaṃ lokaṃ atikkamitvā ruci, sobhi. Yathā kiṃ? Himavāvaññe siluccaye, yathā hi himavā pabbatarājā attano thiragarumahāsārabhāvādīhi guṇehi aññe pabbate atirocati, evaṃ atirocatīti attho. Sabbesaṃ nāganāmānanti ahināgahatthināgapurisanāgānaṃ sekhāsekhapaccekabuddhanāgānaṃ vā. Saccanāmoti sacceneva nāganāmo. Taṃ pana saccanāmataṃ “na hi āguṃ karotī”ti-ādinā sayameva vakkhati.

Idāni buddhanāgaṃ avayavato ca dassento nāmato tāva dassetuṃ “na hi āguṃ karoti so”ti āha. Yasmā āguṃ, pāpaṃ, sabbena sabbaṃ na karoti, tasmā nāgoti attho. Soraccanti sīlaṃ. Avihiṃsāti karuṇā. Tadubhayaṃ sabbassapi guṇarāsissa pubbaṅgamanti, katvā buddhanāgassa purimapādabhāvo tassa yuttoti āha “pādā nāgassa te duve”ti.

Aparapādabhāvena vadanto “sati ca sampajaññañca, caraṇā nāgassa tepare”ti āha. “Tyāpare”ti vā pāṭho. Te aparetveva padavibhāgo. Anavajjadhammānaṃ ādāne saddhā hattho etassāti, saddhāhattho. Suparisuddhavedanā ñāṇappabhedā upekkhā setadantā te etassa atthīti, upekkhāsetadantavā.

Uttamaṅgaṃ paññā, tassā adhiṭṭhānaṃ satīti āha “sati gīvā siro paññā”ti. Vīmaṃsā dhammacintanāti yathā khāditabbākhāditabbassa soṇḍāya parāmasanaṃ ghāyanañca hatthināgassa vīmaṃsā nāma hoti, evaṃ buddhanāgassa kusalādidhammacintanā vīmaṃsā. Samā vasanti etthāti, samāvāso, bhājanaṃ kucchi eva samāvāso, abhiññāsamathānaṃ ādhānabhāvato samathavipassanāsaṅkhāto dhammo kucchisamāvāso etassāti dhammakucchisamāvāso. Vivekoti upadhiviveko. Tassāti buddhanāgassa. Vāladhi, pariyosānaṅgabhāvato.

Jhāyīti ārammaṇūpanijjhānena ca jhāyanasīlo. Assāsaratoti paramassāsabhūte nibbāne rato. Ajjhattaṃ susamāhitoti visayajjhatte phalasamāpattiyaṃ suṭṭhu samāhito tadidaṃ samādhānaṃ suṭṭhu sabbakālikanti dassetuṃ “gacchaṃ samāhito nāgo”ti-ādi vuttaṃ. Bhagavā hi savāsanassa uddhaccassa pahīnattā vikkhepābhāvato niccaṃ samāhitova. Tasmā yaṃ yaṃ iriyāpathaṃ kappeti, taṃ taṃ samāhitova kappesīti.

Sabbatthāti, sabbasmiṃ gocare, sabbasmiñca dvāre sabbaso pihitavutti. Tenāha– “sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivattan”ti-ādi (netti. 15). Esā nāgassa sampadāti esā “na hi āguṃ karoti so”ti-ādinā “sambuddhan”ti-ādinā eva vā yathāvuttā vakkhamānā ca buddhagandhahatthino sampatti guṇaparipuṇṇā.

Bhuñjati anavajjānīti sammājīvassa ukkaṃsapāramippattiyā bhuñjati agarahitabbāni, micchājīvassa sabbaso savāsanānañca pahīnattā sāvajjāni garahitabbāni na bhuñjati anavajjāni bhuñjanto ca sannidhiṃ parivajjayaṃ bhuñjatīti yojanā.

Saṃyojananti vaṭṭadukkhena saddhiṃ santānaṃ saṃyojanato vaṭṭe osīdāpanasamatthaṃ dasavidhampi saṃyojanaṃ. Aṇuṃ thūlanti khuddakañceva mahantañca. Sabbaṃ chetvāna bandhananti maggañāṇena anavasesaṃ kilesabandhanaṃ chinditvā. Yena yenāti yena yena disābhāgena.

Yathā hi udake jātaṃ puṇḍarīkaṃ udake pavaḍḍhati nopalippati toyena, anupalepasabhāvattā, tatheva loke jāto buddho loke viharati, nopalippati lokena taṇhādiṭṭhimānalepābhāvatoti yojanā.

Ginīti aggi. Anāhāroti anindhano.

Atthassāyaṃ viññāpanīti satthu guṇasaṅkhātassa upameyyatthassa viññāpanī, pakāsanī ayaṃ nāgūpamā. Viññūhīti satthu paṭividdhacatusaccadhammaṃ parijānantehi attānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Viññissantīti-ādi kāraṇavacanaṃ, yasmā nāgena mayā desitaṃ nāgaṃ tathāgatagandhahatthiṃ mahānāgā khīṇāsavā attano visaye ṭhatvā vijānissanti, tasmā aññesaṃ puthujjanānaṃ ñāpanatthaṃ ayaṃ upamā amhehi bhāsitāti adhippāyo.

Sarīraṃ vijahaṃ nāgo, parinibbissatyanāsavoti bodhimūle sa-upādisesaparinibbānena anāsavo sammāsambuddhanāgo, idāni sarīraṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahanto khandhaparinibbānena parinibbāyissatīti.

Evaṃ cuddasahi upamāhi maṇḍetvā, soḷasahi gāthāhi, catusaṭṭhiyā pādehi satthu guṇe vaṇṇento anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.

Udāyittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

Soḷasakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.