16. Vīsatinipāto

1. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vīsatinipāte yaññatthaṃ vāti-ādikā āyasmato aparassa adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upaṭṭhahanto mahādānāni pavattesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde āyasmato saṃkiccattherassa bhaginiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, adhimuttotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto mātulattherassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhito arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.84-88)–
“Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;
upaṭṭhahiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, vippasannena cetasā.
“Nimantetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ujubhūtaṃ samāhitaṃ;
ucchunā maṇḍapaṃ katvā, bhojesiṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ.
“Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ athamānusaṃ;
sabbe satte abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ucchudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;
arahattaṃ pana patvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento upasampajjitukāmo “mātaraṃ āpucchissāmī”ti mātu santikaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge devatāya balikammakaraṇatthaṃ maṃsapariyesanaṃ carantehi pañcasatehi corehi samāgacchi; corā ca taṃ aggahesuṃ “devatāya bali bhavissatī”ti; so corehi gahitopi abhīto acchambhī vippasannamukhova aṭṭhāsi; taṃ disvā coragāmaṇi-acchariyabbhutacittajāto pasaṃsanto–
705. “yaññatthaṃ vā dhanatthaṃ vā, ye hanāma mayaṃ pure;
avasesaṃ bhayaṃ hoti, vedhanti vilapanti ca.
706. “Tassa te natthi bhītattaṃ, bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdati;
kasmā na paridevesi, evarūpe mahabbhaye”ti.– Dve gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha yaññatthanti yajanatthaṃ devatānaṃ balikammakaraṇatthaṃ vā. Vā-saddo vikappanattho. Dhanatthanti sāpateyyaharaṇatthaṃ. Ye hanāma mayaṃ pureti ye satte mayaṃ pubbe hanimha. Atītatthe hi idaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ. Avaseti avase aserike katvā. Tanti tesaṃ. “Avasesanti”pi paṭhanti. Amhehi gahitesu taṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesānaṃ; ayameva vā pāṭho. Bhayaṃ hotīti maraṇabhayaṃ hoti. Yena te vedhanti vilapanti,cittutrāsena vedhanti “sāmi, tumhākaṃ idañcidañca dassāma, dāsā bhavissāmā”ti-ādikaṃ vadantā vilapanti.
Tassa teti yo tvaṃ amhehi devatāya balikammatthaṃ jīvitā voropetukāmehi ukkhittāsikehi santajjito, tassa te. Bhītattanti bhītabhāvo, bhayanti attho. Bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdatīti pakativaṇṇato uparipi te mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati. Therassa kira tadā “sace ime māressanti, idānevāhaṃ anupādāya parinibbāyissāmi, dukkhabhāro vigacchissatī”ti uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajji. Evarūpe mahabbhayeti edise mahati maraṇabhaye upaṭṭhite. Hetu-atthe vā etaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.
Idāni thero coragāmaṇissa paṭivacanadānamukhena dhammaṃ desento–
707. “Natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa gāmaṇi;
atikkantā bhayā sabbe, khīṇasaṃyojanassa ve.
708. “Khīṇāya bhavanettiyā, diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe;
na bhayaṃ maraṇe hoti, bhāranikkhepane yathā.
709. “Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;
maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthi, rogānamiva saṅkhaye.
710. “Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;
nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhā, visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitaṃ.
711. “Pāragū anupādāno, katakicco anāsavo;
tuṭṭho āyukkhayā hoti, mutto āghātanā yathā.
712. “Uttamaṃ dhammataṃ patto, sabbaloke anatthiko;
ādittāva gharā mutto, maraṇasmiṃ na socati.
713. “Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñci, bhavo vā yattha labbhati;
sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etaṃ, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.
714. “Yo taṃ tathā pajānāti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;
na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñci, sutattaṃva ayoguḷaṃ.
715. “Na me hoti ‘ahosin’ti, ‘bhavissan’ti na hoti me;
saṅkhārā vigamissanti, tattha kā paridevanā.
716. “Suddhaṃ dhammasamuppādaṃ, suddhaṃ saṅkhārasantatiṃ;
passantassa yathābhūtaṃ, na bhayaṃ hoti gāmaṇi.
717. “Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokaṃ, yadā paññāya passati;
mamattaṃ so asaṃvindaṃ, ‘natthi me’ti na socati.
718. “Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrena, bhavenamhi anatthiko;
soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyo, añño ca na bhavissati.
719. “Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrena, taṃ karotha yadicchatha;
na me tappaccayā tattha, doso pemañca hehitī”ti.–

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

720. “Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
satthāni nikkhipitvāna, māṇavā etadabravun”ti.–

Ayaṃ saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā. Ito aparā tisso corānaṃ, therassa ca vacanapaṭivacanagāthā–

721. “Kiṃ bhadante karitvāna, ko vā ācariyo tava;
kassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.
722. “Sabbaññū sabbadassāvī, jino ācariyo mama;
mahākāruṇiko satthā, sabbalokatikicchako.
723. “Tenāyaṃ desito dhammo, khayagāmī anuttaro;
tassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.
724. “Sutvāna corā isino subhāsitaṃ, nikkhippa satthāni ca āvudhāni ca;
tamhā ca kammā viramiṃsu eke, eke ca pabbajjamarocayiṃsu.
725. “Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsane, bhāvetva bojjhaṅgabalāni paṇḍitā;
udaggacittā sumanā katindriyā, phusiṃsu nibbānapadaṃ asaṅkhatan”ti.–

Imāpi saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā.

Tattha natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa, gāmaṇīti gāmaṇi, apekkhāya, taṇhāya, abhāvena anapekkhassa mādisassa, lohitasabhāvo pubbo viya, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ natthi, domanassābhāvāpadesena bhayābhāvaṃ vadati. Tenāha “atikkantā bhayā sabbe”ti. Atikkantā bhayā sabbeti khīṇasaṃyojanassa arahato pañcavīsati mahābhayā, aññe ca sabbepi bhayā ekaṃsena atikkantā atītā, apagatāti attho.
Diṭṭhe dhamme yathātatheti catusaccadhamme pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena maggapaññāya yathābhūtaṃ diṭṭhe. Maraṇeti maraṇahetu. Bhāranikkhepane yathāti yathā koci puriso sīse ṭhitena mahatā garubhārena saṃsīdanto tassa nikkhepane, apanayane na bhāyati, evaṃ sampadamidanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā–
“Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;
bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukhan”ti. (Saṃ. ni. 3.22).
Suciṇṇanti suṭṭhu caritaṃ. Brahmacariyanti, sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Tato eva maggo cāpi subhāvito aṭṭhaṅgiko ariyamaggopi sammadeva bhāvito. Rogānamiva saṅkhayeti yathā bahūhi rogehi abhibhūtassa āturassa rogānaṃ saṅkhaye pītisomanassameva hoti, evaṃ khandharogasaṅkhaye maraṇe mādisassa bhayaṃ natthi.
Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhāti tīhi dukkhatāhi abhibhūtā, ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā, tayo bhavā nirassādā, assādarahitā, mayā diṭṭhā. Visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitanti pamādavasena visaṃ pivitvā tādisena payogena chaḍḍitaṃ viya maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti attho.
Mutto āghātanā yathāti yathā corehi māraṇatthaṃ āghātanaṃ nīto kenaci upāyena tato mutto haṭṭhatuṭṭho hoti, evaṃ saṃsārapāraṃ, nibbānaṃ, gatattā pāragū, catūhipi upādānehi anupādāno, pariññādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ katattā katakicco kāmāsavādīhi anāsavo, āyukkhayā āyukkhayahetu tuṭṭho somanassiko hoti.
Uttamanti seṭṭhaṃ. Dhammatanti, dhammasabhāvaṃ. Arahatte siddhe sijjhanahetu iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvaṃ. Sabbaloketi sabbalokasmimpi, dīghāyukasukhabahulatādivasena saṃyuttepi loke. Anatthikoti, anapekkho. Ādittāva gharā muttoti yathā koci puriso samantato ādittato pajjalitato gehato nissaṭo, tato nissaraṇanimittaṃ na socati, evaṃ khīṇāsavo maraṇanimittaṃ na socati.
Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñcīti yaṃkiñci imasmiṃ loke atthi, vijjati, upalabbhati saṅgataṃ, sattehi saṅkhārehi vā samāgamo, samodhānaṃ. “Saṅkhatan”tipi pāṭho, tassa yaṃkiñci paccayehi samacca sambhuyya kataṃ, paṭiccasamuppannanti attho. Bhavo vā yattha labbhatīti yasmiṃ sattanikāye yo upapattibhavo labbhati. Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etanti sabbametaṃ issararahitaṃ, na ettha kenaci “evaṃ hotū”ti issariyaṃ vattetuṃ sakkā. Iti vuttaṃ mahesināti “sabbe dhammā anattā”ti evaṃ vuttaṃ mahesinā sammāsambuddhena. Tasmā “anissaraṃ etan”ti pajānanto maraṇasmiṃ na socatīti yojanā.
Na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñcīti yo ariyasāvako “sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā”ti-ādinā (dha. pa. 277) yathā buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ, tathā taṃ bhavattayaṃ vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pajānāti. So yathā koci puriso sukhakāmo divasaṃ santattaṃ ayoguḷaṃ hatthena na gaṇhāti, evaṃ kiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhavaṃ na gaṇhāti, na tattha taṇhaṃ karotīti attho.
Na me hoti “ahosin”ti “atītamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ īdiso ahosin”ti attadiṭṭhivasena na me cittappavatti atthi diṭṭhiyā sammadeva ugghāṭitattā, dhammasabhāvassa ca sudiṭṭhattā. “Bhavissan”ti na hoti meti tato eva “anāgatamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ ediso kathaṃ nu kho bhavissaṃ bhaveyyan”ti evampi me na hoti. Saṅkhārā vigamissantīti evaṃ pana hoti “yathāpaccayaṃ pavattamānā saṅkhārāva, na ettha koci attā vā attaniyaṃ vā, te ca kho vigamissanti vinassissanti, khaṇe khaṇe bhijjissantī”ti. Tattha kā paridevanāti evaṃ passantassa mādisassa tattha saṅkhāragate kā nāma paridevanā.
Suddhanti kevalaṃ, attasārena asammissaṃ. Dhammasamuppādanti paccayapaccayuppannadhammasamuppattiṃ avijjādipaccayehi saṅkhārādidhammamattappavattiṃ. Saṅkhārasantatinti kilesakammavipākappabhedasaṅkhārapabandhaṃ. Passantassa yathābhūtanti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya yāthāvato jānantassa.
Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokanti yathā araññe apariggahe tiṇakaṭṭhe kenaci gayhamāne aparassa “mayhaṃ santakaṃ ayaṃ gaṇhatī”ti na hoti, evaṃ so asāmikatāya tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ saṅkhāralokaṃ yadā paññāya passati, so tattha mamattaṃ asaṃvindaṃ asaṃvindanto alabhanto akaronto. Natthi meti “ahu vata sohaṃ, taṃ me natthī”ti na socati.
Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrenāti asārakena abhinudena dukkhena akataññunā asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlasabhāvena iminā kāyena ukkaṇṭhāmi imaṃ kāyaṃ nibbindanto evaṃ tiṭṭhāmi. Bhavenamhi anatthikoti sabbenapi bhavena anatthiko amhi, na kiñci bhavaṃ patthemi. Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyoti ayaṃ mama kāyo idāni tumhākaṃ payogena aññathā vā aññattha bhijjissati. Añño ca na bhavissatīti añño kāyo mayhaṃ āyatiṃ na bhavissati, punabbhavābhāvato.
Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrenāti yaṃ tumhākaṃ iminā sarīrena payojanaṃ, taṃ karotha yadicchatha, icchatha ce. Na me tappaccayāti, taṃ nimittaṃ imassa sarīrassa tumhehi yathicchitakiccassa karaṇahetu. Tatthāti tesu karontesu ca akarontesu ca. Doso pemañca hehitīti yathākkamaṃ paṭigho anunayo na bhavissati, attano bhave apekkhāya sabbaso pahīnattāti adhippāyo. Aññapaccayā aññattha ca paṭighānunayesu asantesupi tappaccayā, “tatthā”ti vacanaṃ yathādhigatavasena vuttaṃ.
Tassāti adhimuttattherassa. Taṃ vacananti “natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhan”ti-ādikaṃ maraṇe bhayābhāvādidīpakaṃ, tato eva abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā. Māṇavāti corā. Corā hi “māṇavā”ti vuccanti “māṇavehi saha gacchanti katakammehi akatakammehipī”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) viya.
Kiṃ bhadante karitvānāti, bhante, kiṃ nāma tapokammaṃ katvā. Ko vā tava ācariyo kassa sāsanaṃ, ovādaṃ nissāya ayaṃ asokatā maraṇakāle sokābhāvo labbhatīti etaṃ atthaṃ abravuṃ, pucchāvasena kathesuṃ, bhāsiṃsu.
Taṃ sutvā thero tesaṃ paṭivacanaṃ dento “sabbaññū”ti-ādimāha. Tattha sabbaññūti paropadesena vinā sabbapakārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇassa adhigamena atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātīti, sabbaññū. Teneva samantacakkhunā sabbassa dassanato sabbadassāvī. Yamhi anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, tadeva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, nattheva asādhāraṇañāṇapāḷiyā virodho visayuppattimukhena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Pañcannampi mārānaṃ vijayato jino, hīnādivibhāgabhinne sabbasmiṃ sattanikāye adhimuttavuttitāya mahatiyā karuṇāya samannāgatattā mahākāruṇiko, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ anusāsanato satthā, tato eva sabbalokassa kilesarogatikicchanato sabbalokatikicchako, sammāsambuddho ācariyo mamāti yojanā. Khayagāmīti nibbānagāmī.
Evaṃ therena satthu sāsanassa ca guṇe pakāsite paṭiladdhasaddhā ekacce corā pabbajiṃsu, ekacce upāsakattaṃ pavedesuṃ. Tamatthaṃ dīpento dhammasaṅgāhakā “sutvāna corā”ti-ādinā dve gāthā abhāsiṃsu. Tattha isinoti adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ esanaṭṭhena isino, adhimuttattherassa. Nikkhippāti pahāya. Satthāni ca āvudhāni cāti asi-ādisatthāni ceva dhanukalāpādi-āvudhāni ca. Tamhā ca kammāti tato corakammato.
Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsaneti te corā sobhanagamanatādīhi sugatassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajjaṃ upagantvā. Bhāvanāvisesādhigatāya odagyalakkhaṇāya pītiyā samannāgamena udaggacittā. Sumanāti somanassappattā. Katindriyāti bhāvitindriyā. Phusiṃsūti aggamaggādhigamena asaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchiṃsu. Adhimutto kira core nibbisevane katvā, te tattheva ṭhapetvā, mātu santikaṃ gantvā, mātaraṃ āpucchitvā, paccāgantvā tehi saddhiṃ upajjhāyassa santikaṃ gantvā, pabbājetvā upasampadaṃ akāsi. Atha tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi te nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ “pabbajitvā…pe… asaṅkhatan”ti.

Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.