Lesson X

Lesson X

A. Declension of Nouns ending in " ã "

Sàmã m. lord, husband

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	sàmã	sàmã, sàmino
Voc.	sàmã	sàmã, sàmino
Acc.	sàmiü	sàmã, sàmino
Instr.	sàminà	sàmãbhi, sàmãhi
Abl.	sàminà sàmimhà, sàmismà	sàmãbhi, sàmãhi
Dat., Gen.	sàmino, sàmissa	sàmãnaü
Loc.	sàmini, sàmimhi sàmismiü	sàmãsu

The Loc. sing. has an additional " ni "

Terminations

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	--	--, no
Voc.	i	--, no
Acc.	ü	--, no

The rest like " i " terminations

Daõóã, n. one who has a stick

Terminations

	SINGULAR	PLURAL	SING.	PLU.
Nom., Voc.	daõói	daõóã, daõóini	i,	ã,ni
Acc.	daõóiü	daõóã, daõóini	ü	ã, ni

The rest like the masculine

Nàrã, f. woman

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	nàrã	nàrã, nàriyo
Voc.	nàri	nàrã, nàriyo
Acc.	nàriü	nàrã, nàriyo
Instr., Abl.	nàriyà	nàrãbhi, nàrãhi
Dat., Gen.	nàriyà	nàrãnaü
Loc.	nàriyà, nàriyaü	nàrãsu

Terminations

	SINGULAR	PLURAL
Nom.	--	--, iyo
Voc.	i	--, iyo
Acc.	ü	--, iyo

The rest like " i " terminations.

Words :

Appamàda	m.	earnestness, heedfulness
Bhaginã	f.	sister
Brahmacàrã	m.	celibate
Dhammacàrã	m.	he who acts righteously
Dhana	n.	wealth
Duggati	f.	evil state
Have	indec.	indeed, certainly
Iva	indec.	like
Jananã	f.	mother
Mahesã	f.	queen
Medhàvã	m.	wise man
pàpa	n.	evil
Pàpakàrã	m.	evil-doer
Pu¤¤a	n.	merit, good
Pu¤¤akàrã	m.	well-doer
Seññha	adj.	excellent, chief
Sugati	f.	good or happy state

B. The Formation of Feminines

Some feminines are formed by adding " à " and " ã " to the masculines ending in " a ".

Examples :-

Aja	goat	Ajà	she-goat
Assa	horse	Assà	mare
Upàsaka	male devotee	Upàsikà	female devotee
Dàraka	boy	Darikà	girl

(If the noun ends in " ka ", the preceding vowel is often changed into " i ".)

Deva	god	Devã	goddess
Dàsa	servant	Dàsã	maid-servant
Nara	man	Nàrã	woman

Some are formed by adding " ni " or " ini " to the masculines ending in " a ", " i " " ã ", and " u ".

Examples :-

Ràja	king	Ràjinã	queen
Hatthi	elephant	Hatthinã	she-elephant
Medhàvã	wise man	Medhàvinã	wise woman
Bhikkhu	monk	Bhikkhunã	nun

But :

Màtula, uncle becomes màtulànã, aunt and

Gahapati, male house-holder - gahapatànã, female house-holder.

Exercise x

A

" Dhammo have rakkhati Dhammacàrã. "

" Na duggatiü gacchati dhammacàrã. "

Narà ca nàriyo ca pu¤¤aü katvà sugatãsu uppajjissanti.

Bhaginã tassa sàminà saddiü jananiü passituü sve gamissati.

Pàpakàrã, tumhe pàpaü katvà duggatãsu uppajjissatha.

Idàni mayaü brahmacàrino homa.

Mahesiyo nàrãnaü pu¤¤aü kàtuü dhanaü denti.

Hatthino ca hatthiniyo ca añavãsu ca pabbatesu ca vasanti.

Mayhaü sàmino jananã bhikkhunãna¤* ca upàsikàna¤ ca saïgaõhi.

Mahesi narapatinà saddhiü sve nagaraü pàpuõissati.

Medhàvino ca medhàviniyo ca appamàdena Dhammaü uggaõhitvà muttiü labhissanti.

Pu¤¤akàrino brahmacàrãhi saddhiü vasituü icchanti.

Nàriyo mahesiü passituü nagaraü agamiüsu.

Bhikkhuniyo gahapatànãnaü ovàdaü adaüsu.

"Appamàda¤ ca medhàvi - dhanaü seññhaü'va** rakkhati."

* Niggahita (ü) when followed by a group consonant is changed into the nasal of that particular group, e.g.,

saü	+ gaho	= saïgaho
saü	+ ñhàna	= saõñhàna
ahaü	+ pi	= aham'pi
ahaü	+ ca	= aha¤ ca
taü	+ dhanaü	= tandhanaü

** Seññhaü + iva.

Those who act righteously will not do evil and be born in evil states.

The well-doers will obtain their deliverance.

My husband mounted the elephant and fell on the ground.

She went to school with her sister.

The queen's mother is certainly a wise lady.

Boys and girls are studying with diligence to get presents from their mothers and fathers.

Men and women go with flowers in their hands to the temple everyday.

My sister is protecting her mother as an excellent treasure.

Mother, I shall go to see my uncle and aunt tomorrow.

Amongst celebates* there are wise men.

Having seen the elephant, the she-goats ran away through fear.

The king, accompanied by** the queen, arrived in the city yesterday.

* Use the Locative.

** Use "Saddhiü"