Index File

Lesson VII

Aorist (Ajjatanã) - Active voice

Terminations

 

SINGULAR

PLURAL

3rd

ã

2nd

o

ttha

1st

mha

 

paca, to cook

 

SINGULAR

 

3rd

apacã,
apaci,

pacã
paci

he cooked

2nd

apaco,

paco

you cooked

1st

apaciü,

paciü

I cooked

PLURAL

3rd

apacuü,
apaciüsu,

pacuü
paciüsu

they cooked

2nd

apacittha

pacittha

you cooked

1st

apacimhà,

pacimhà

we cooked

 

gamu, to go

 

SING.

PLU.

3rd

agamã, gamã
agami, gami

agamuü, gamuü
agamiüsu, gamiüsu

2nd

agamo, gamo

agamittha, gamittha

1st

agamiü, gamiü

agamimhà, gamimhà

 

su, to hear

SING.

PLU.

3rd

asuõã, suõã
asuõi, suõi

asuõiüsu
suõiüsu

2nd

asuõo, suõo

asuõittha, suõittha

1st

asuõiü, suõiü

asuõimhà, suõimhà

 

In the past tense the augment " a " is optionally used before the root*. The third person " ã " is sometimes shortened, and the third person plural " " is often changed into " iüsu ". The vowel preceding " ttha " and " mhà " is changed into " i ". The second person " o " is mostly changed into " i ".

Whenever the root or stem ends in a vowel e or à the s Aorist is used i.e., s is added before the suffix.

Examples : -

SINGULAR

PLURAL

si

suü, üsu

si

sittha

siü

simhà

 

, to give

disa, to preach

SING.

+ s + i = adàsi

disa + s + i = desesi

PLU.

+ üsu = adaüsu

desiüsu

 

ñhà, to stand

SING.

ñhà + s + i = aññhàsi

PLU.

+ üsu = aññhaüsu

* This " a " should not be mistaken for the negative prefix " a ".

Possessive Pronouns

3rd

m. n.

tassa, his

m. n.

tesaü, their

 

f.

tassà, her

f.

tàsaü, their

2nd

m. f. n.

tava, tuyhaü your or thine

m. f. n.

tumhàkaü, your

1st

m. f. n.

mama, mayhaü, my

m. f. n.

amhàkaü, our

These are the Genitive cases of the Personal Pronouns.

Words : -

Aparaõha

m.

afternoon

Ciraü

indec.

long, for a long time

Eva

indec.

just, quite, even, only (used as an emphatic affirmative)

Hãyo

indec.

yesterday

Pàto

indec.

early in the morning

Pàtaràsa

m.

morning meal

Pubbaõha

m.

forenoon

Purato

indec.

in the presence of

Sàyamàsa

m.

evening meal, dinner

Viya

indec.

like

Exercise vii

A

  1. Buddho loke uppajji.
  2. Hãyo samaõo dhammaü desesi.
  3. Dàrako pàto'va* tassa pàñhasàlaü agamã.
  4. Acariyà tesaü sissànaü pubbaõhe ovàdaü adaüsu.
  5. Ciraü te amhàkaü gharaü na agamiüsu.
  6. Dàrikà tàsaü janakassa purato aññhaüsu.
  7. Tvaü tassà hatthe mayhaü pottakaü passo.
  8. Tvaü gaïgàyaü nahàyituü pàto'va agamo.
  9. Tvaü ajja pàtaràsaü na bhu¤jo.
  10. Kuhiü tumhe tumhàkaü mittehi saddhiü aparaõhe agamittha?
  11. Kasmà tumhe'yeva** mama àcariyassa lekhanàni na likhittha?
  12. Tumhe ciraü mayhaü putte na passittha.
  13. Ahaü tuyhaü paõõàkàre hãyo na alabhiü.
  14. Aham'eva*** gilànànaü ajja osadhaü adàsiü.
  15. Ahaü asse passituü visikhàyaü aññàsiü.
  16. Mayaü tuyhaü àcariyassa sissà ahosimhà.
  17. Mayaü ajja pubbaõhe na uggaõhimhà.
  18. Samaõà viya mayam'pi **** saddhàya dhammaü suõimhà.

* Pàto + eva = pàto'va. Here the following vowel is dropped.

** Tumhe + eva = Tumhe yeva. Sometimes " y " is augmented between vowels.

*** Ahaü + eva = aham'eva. When a niggahita is followed by a vowel it is sometimes changed into "m".

**** Mayaü + api = mayam'pi. Here the following vowel is dropped and niggahita is changed into "m"

B

  1. I slept on my bed.
  2. I stood in their garden in the evening.
  3. I sat on a bench in the hall to write a letter to his friend.
  4. We bathed in the river in the early morning.*
  5. We ourselves** treated the sick yesterday.
  6. For a long time we lived in our uncle's house in the city.
  7. Child, why did you stand in front of your teacher?
  8. Wife, you cooked rice in the morning.
  9. Son, where did you go yesterday?
  10. You obtained wisdom through your teachers.
  11. Why did you not hear the Doctrine like your father?
  12. Where did you take your dinner yesterday?
  13. She was standing in her garden for a long time.
  14. He himself*** washed the feet of his father.
  15. For a long time my friend did not buy goods from his shop.
  16. The doctors did not come to the hospital in the afternoon.
  17. The boys and girls did not bring their books to school yesterday.
  18. I myself gave medicine to the sick last**** morning.

* Use Pàto'va.

** Use mayam'eva

*** Use so eva

**** Use hãyo.