Kasmā panettha bhagavā attānaṃ pāṭibhogabhāve ṭhapesi? Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāgāmimaggādhigamāya ussāhajananatthaṃ. Passati hi bhagavā “mayā ‘ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’ti vutte ime bhikkhū addhā taṃ ekadhammaṃ pahāya sakkā tatiyabhūmiṃ samadhigantuṃ, yato dhammassāmi paṭhamamāha ‘ahaṃ pāṭibhogo’ti ussāhajātā tadatthāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ maññissantī”ti. Tasmā ussāhajananatthaṃ anāgāmitāya tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ attānaṃ pāṭibhogabhāve ṭhapesi.
Katamaṃ ekadhammanti ettha katamanti pucchāvacanaṃ. Pucchā ca nāmesā pañcavidhā– adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā, diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā, vimaticchedanāpucchā, anumatipucchā kathetukamyatāpucchāti. Tattha pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ aññātaṃ hoti adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ, tassa ñāṇāya dassanāya tulanāya tīraṇāya vibhūtatthāya vibhāvanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā. Pakatiyā lakkhaṇaṃ ñātaṃ hoti diṭṭhaṃ tulitaṃ tīritaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhāvitaṃ. So aññehi paṇḍitehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchā. Pakatiyā saṃsayapakkhando hoti vimatipakkhando dveḷhakajāto– “evaṃ nu kho, na nu kho, kiṃ nu kho, kathaṃ nu kho”ti, so vimaticchedanatthāya pañhaṃ pucchati, ayaṃ vimaticchedanāpucchā. Bhagavā hi anumatiggahaṇatthaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati– “taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā”ti-ādinā (saṃ. ni. 3.59; mahāva. 21), ayaṃ anumatipucchā. Bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ kathetukamyatāya pañhaṃ pucchati– “cattārome, bhikkhave, āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro”ti (saṃ. ni. 2.11) ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchā.
Tattha purimā tisso pucchā buddhānaṃ natthi. Kasmā? Tīsu hi addhāsu kiñci saṅkhataṃ addhāvimuttaṃ vā asaṅkhataṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ adiṭṭhaṃ atulitaṃ atīritaṃ avibhūtaṃ avibhāvitaṃ nāma natthi. Tena nesaṃ adiṭṭhajotanāpucchā natthi. Yaṃ pana tehi attano ñāṇena paṭividdhaṃ, tassa aññena samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā saddhiṃ saṃsandanakiccaṃ natthi, tena nesaṃ diṭṭhasaṃsandanāpucchāpi natthi. Yasmā pana buddhā bhagavanto akathaṃkathī tiṇṇavicikicchā sabbadhammesu vigatasaṃsayā, tena nesaṃ vimaticchedanāpucchāpi natthi. Itarā pana dve pucchā atthi, tāsu ayaṃ kathetukamyatāpucchāti veditabbā.
Idāni tāya pucchāya puṭṭhamatthaṃ sarūpato dassento “lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhamman”ti-ādimāha. Tattha lubbhanti tena, sayaṃ vā lubbhati, lubbhanamattameva vā tanti lobho. Svāyaṃ ārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇo makkaṭālepo viya, abhisaṅgaraso tattakapāle pakkhittamaṃsapesi viya, apariccāgapaccupaṭṭhāno telañjanarāgo viya, saṃyojaniyesu dhammesu assādadassanapadaṭṭhāno, taṇhānadibhāvena vaḍḍhamāno yattha samuppanno, sīghasotā nadī viya mahāsamuddaṃ apāyameva taṃ sattaṃ gahetvā gacchatīti daṭṭhabbo. Kiñcāpi ayaṃ lobhasaddo sabbalobhasāmaññavacano, idha pana kāmarāgavacanoti veditabbo. So hi anāgāmimaggavajjho.
Puna bhikkhaveti ālapanaṃ dhammassa paṭiggāhakabhāvena abhimukhībhūtānaṃ tattha ādarajananatthaṃ. Pajahathāti iminā pahānābhisamayo vihito, so ca pariññāsacchikiriyābhāvanābhisamayehi saddhiṃ eva pavattati, na visunti catusaccādhiṭṭhānāni cattāripi sammādiṭṭhiyā kiccāni vihitāneva honti. Yathā ca “lobhaṃ pajahathā”ti vutte pahānekaṭṭhabhāvato dosādīnampi pahānaṃ atthato vuttameva hoti, evaṃ samudayasaccavisaye sammādiṭṭhikicce pahānābhisamaye vutte tassā sahakārīkāraṇabhūtānaṃ sammāsaṅkappādīnaṃ sesamaggaṅgānampi samudayasaccavisayakiccaṃ atthato vuttameva hotīti paripuṇṇo ariyamaggabyāpāro idha kathitoti daṭṭhabbo. Iminā nayena satipaṭṭhānādīnampi bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ byāpārassa idha vuttabhāvo yathārahaṃ vitthāretabbo.
Apicettha lobhaṃ pajahathāti etena pahānapariññā vuttā. Sā ca tīraṇapariññādhiṭṭhānā, tīraṇapariññā ca ñātapariññādhiṭṭhānāti avinābhāvena tissopi pariññā bodhitā honti. Evamettha saha phalena catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ katvā pakāsitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Atha vā lobhaṃ pajahathāti saha phalena ñāṇadassanavisuddhi desitā. Sā ca paṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhisannissayā…pe… cittavisuddhisīlavisuddhisannissayā cāti nānantarikabhāvena saha phalena sabbāpi satta visuddhiyo vibhāvitāti veditabbaṃ.
Evametāya visuddhikkamabhāvanāya pariññāttayasampādanena lobhaṃ pajahitukāmena–
“Anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano;
bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
“Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;
andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ”. (Itivu. 88).
Ratto kho, āvuso, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto pāṇampi hanati, adinnampi ādiyati, sandhimpi chindati, nillopampi harati, ekāgārikampi karoti, paripanthepi tiṭṭhati, paradārampi gacchati, musāpi bhaṇati. Tadapi tesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ ajānataṃ apassataṃ avedayataṃ taṇhānugatānaṃ paritassitaṃ vipphanditameva (a. ni. 3.54).
“Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;
itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati”. (Itivu. 15, 105).
“Natthi rāgasamo aggi, natthi dosasamo kali”. (Dha. pa. 202, 251).
“Kāmarāgena ḍayhāmi, cittaṃ me pariḍayhati”. (Saṃ. ni. 1.212).
“Ye rāgarattānupatanti sotaṃ, sayaṃkataṃ makkaṭakova jālan”ti. (Dha. pa. 347) ca–

Evamādisuttapadānusārena nānānayehi lobhassa ādīnavaṃ paccavekkhitvā tassa pahānāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.

Apica cha dhammā kāmarāgassa pahānāya saṃvattanti, asubhanimittassa uggaho, asubhabhāvanānuyogo, indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, kalyāṇamittatā, sappāyakathāti. Dasavidhañhi asubhanimittaṃ uggaṇhantassāpi kāmarāgo pahīyati, kāyagatāsatibhāvanāvasena saviññāṇake uddhumātakādivasena aviññāṇake asubhe asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttassāpi, manacchaṭṭhesu indriyesu saṃvaraṇavasena satikavāṭena pihitadvārassāpi catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ vā ālopānaṃ okāse sati udakaṃ pivitvā yāpanasīlatāya bhojane mattaññunopi. Tenevāha–
“Cattāro pañca ālope, abhutvā udakaṃ pive;
alaṃ phāsuvihārāya, pahitattassa bhikkhuno”ti. (Theragā. 983).
Asubhakammaṭṭhānabhāvanārate kalyāṇamitte sevantassāpi, ṭhānanisajjādīsu dasa-asubhanissitasappāyakathāyapi pahīyati. Tenevāha–
“Atthi, bhikkhave, asubhanimittaṃ, tattha yonisomanasikārabahulīkāro, ayamāhāro anuppannassa vā kāmacchandassa anuppādāya uppannassa vā kāmacchandassa pahānāyā”ti.
Evaṃ pubbabhāge kāmarāgasaṅkhātassa lobhassa pahānāya paṭipanno vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā tatiyamaggena taṃ anavasesato samucchindati. Tena vuttaṃ “lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha, ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā”ti.
Etthāha “ko panettha lobho pahīyati, kiṃ atīto, atha anāgato, udāhu paccuppanno”ti? Kiñcettha– na tāva atīto lobho pahīyeyya, na anāgato vā tesaṃ abhāvato. Na hi niruddhaṃ anuppannaṃ vā atthīti vuccati, vāyāmo ca aphalo āpajjati. Atha paccuppanno, evampi aphalo vāyāmo tassa sarasabhaṅgattā, saṃkiliṭṭhā ca maggabhāvanā āpajjati, cittavippayutto vā lobho siyā, na cāyaṃ nayo icchitoti. Vuccate– na vuttanayena atītānāgatapaccuppanno lobho pahīyati. Seyyathāpi idha taruṇarukkho asañjātaphalo, taṃ puriso kuṭhāriyā mūle chindeyya, tassa rukkhassa chede asati yāni phalāni nibbatteyyuṃ, tāni rukkhassa chinnattā ajātāni eva na jāyeyyuṃ, evameva ariyamaggādhigame asati uppajjanāraho lobho ariyamaggādhigamena paccayaghātassa katattā na uppajjati. Ayañhi aṭṭhakathāsu “bhūmiladdhuppanno”ti vuccati. Vipassanāya hi ārammaṇabhūtā pañcakkhandhā tassa uppajjanaṭṭhānatāya bhūmi nāma. Sā bhūmi tena laddhāti katvā bhūmiladdhuppanno. Ārammaṇādhiggahituppanno avikkhambhituppanno asamūhatuppannoti ca ayameva vuccati.
Tatthāti tasmiṃ sutte. Etanti etaṃ atthajātaṃ. Idāni gāthābandhavasena vuccamānaṃ. Iti vuccatīti kena pana vuccati? Bhagavatā va. Aññesu hi tādisesu ṭhānesu saṅgītikārehi upanibandhagāthā honti, idha pana bhagavatā va gāthārucikānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayavasena vuttamevatthaṃ saṅgahetvā gāthā bhāsitā.
Tattha yena lobhena luddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatinti yena ārammaṇaggahaṇalakkhaṇena tato eva abhisaṅgarasena lobhena luddhā ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu giddhā gadhitā. Seti hi nipātamattaṃ. Akkharacintakā pana īdisesu ṭhānesu se-kārāgamaṃ icchanti. Tathā luddhattā eva kāyasucaritādīsu kiñci sucaritaṃ akatvā kāyaduccaritādīni ca upacinitvā rūpādīsu sattavisattatāya sattāti laddhanāmā pāṇino dukkhassa nibbattiṭṭhānatāya duggatīti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ nirayaṃ tiracchānayoniṃ pettivisayañca paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena gacchanti upapajjanti.
Taṃ lobhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassinoti taṃ yathāvuttaṃ lobhaṃ sabhāvato samudayato atthaṅgamato assādato ādīnavato nissaraṇatoti imehi ākārehi sammā aviparītaṃ hetunā ñāyena aññāya ñātatīraṇapariññāsaṅkhātāya paññāya jānitvā rūpādike pañcupādānakkhandhe aniccādīhi vividhehi ākārehi passanato vipassino avasiṭṭhakilese vipassanāpaññāpubbaṅgamāya maggapaññāya samucchedappahānavasena pajahanti, na puna attano santāne uppajjituṃ denti. Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācananti evaṃ sahajekaṭṭhapahānekaṭṭhehi avasiṭṭhakilesehi saddhiṃ taṃ lobhaṃ anāgāmimaggena pajahitvā puna pacchā imaṃ kāmadhātusaṅkhātaṃ lokaṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena kadācipi na āgacchanti orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ suppahīnattā. Iti bhagavā anāgāmiphalena desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.
Ayampi atthoti nidānāvasānato pabhuti yāva gāthāpariyosānā iminā suttena pakāsito attho. Api-saddo idāni vakkhamānasuttatthasampiṇḍano. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva. Imasmiṃ sutte samudayasaccaṃ sarūpeneva āgataṃ, pahānāpadesena maggasaccaṃ. Itaraṃ saccadvayañca tadubhayahetutāya niddhāretabbaṃ. Gāthāya pana dukkhasamudayamaggasaccāni yathārutavaseneva ñāyanti, itaraṃ niddhāretabbaṃ. Eseva nayo ito paresupi suttesu.

Paramatthadīpaniyā khuddakanikāya-aṭṭhakathāya

Itivuttakavaṇṇanāya paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.