57. Pāpaṃ sahāyanti kā uppatti? Bārāṇasiyaṃ kira aññataro rājā mahaccarājānubhāvena nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonto manusse koṭṭhāgārato purāṇadhaññāni bahiddhā nīharante disvā “kiṃ, bhaṇe, idan”ti amacce pucchi. “Idāni, mahārāja, navadhaññāni uppajjissanti, tesaṃ okāsaṃ kātuṃ ime manussā purāṇadhaññādīni chaḍḍentī”ti. Rājā– “kiṃ, bhaṇe, itthāgārabalakāyādīnaṃ vaṭṭaṃ paripuṇṇan”ti “Āma, mahārāja, paripuṇṇanti”. “Tena hi, bhaṇe, dānasālaṃ kārāpetha, dānaṃ dassāmi, mā imāni dhaññāni anupakārāni vinassiṃsū”ti. Tato naṃ aññataro diṭṭhigatiko amacco “mahārāja, natthi dinnan”ti ārabbha yāva “bālā ca paṇḍitā ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissantī”ti vatvā nivāresi. So dutiyampi tatiyampi koṭṭhāgāre vilumpante disvā tatheva āṇāpesi. Tatiyampi naṃ “mahārāja, dattupaññattaṃ yadidaṃ dānan”ti-ādīni vatvā nivāresi. So “are, ahaṃ attano santakampi na labhāmi dātuṃ, kiṃ me imehi pāpasahāyehī”ti nibbinno rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanto paccekabodhiṃ sacchākāsi. Tañca pāpaṃ sahāyaṃ garahanto imaṃ udānagāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Pāpaṃ sahāyaṃ parivajjayetha, anatthadassiṃ visame niviṭṭhaṃ;
sayaṃ na seve pasutaṃ pamattaṃ, eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”ti.

Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho– yvāyaṃ dasavatthukāya pāpadiṭṭhiyā samannāgatattā pāpo, paresampi anatthaṃ passatīti anatthadassī, kāyaduccaritādimhi ca visame niviṭṭho, taṃ atthakāmo kulaputto pāpaṃ sahāyaṃ parivajjayetha anatthadassiṃ visame niviṭṭhaṃ. Sayaṃ na seveti attano vasena na seve. Yadi pana paravaso hoti, kiṃ sakkā kātunti vuttaṃ hoti. Pasutanti pasaṭaṃ diṭṭhivasena tattha tattha lagganti attho. Pamattanti kāmaguṇesu vossaṭṭhacittaṃ, kusalabhāvanārahitaṃ vā. Taṃ evarūpaṃ na seve, na bhaje, na payirupāse, aññadatthu eko care khaggavisāṇakappoti.

Pāpasahāyagāthāvaṇṇanā samattā.

58. Bahussutanti kā uppatti? Pubbe kira kassapassa bhagavato sāsane aṭṭha paccekabodhisattā pabbajitvā gatapaccāgatavattaṃ pūretvā devaloke uppannāti sabbaṃ anavajjabhojīgāthāya vuttasadisameva. Ayaṃ pana viseso– paccekabuddhe nisīdāpetvā rājā āha “ke tumhe”ti? Te āhaṃsu– “mayaṃ, mahārāja, bahussutā nāmā”ti. Rājā “ahaṃ sutabrahmadatto nāma, sutena tittiṃ na gacchāmi, handa, nesaṃ santike vicitranayaṃ saddhammadesanaṃ sossāmī”ti attamano dakkhiṇodakaṃ datvā, parivisitvā, bhattakiccapariyosāne saṅghattherassa pattaṃ gahetvā, vanditvā, purato nisīdi “dhammakathaṃ, bhante, karothā”ti. So “sukhito hotu, mahārāja, rāgakkhayo hotū”ti vatvā uṭṭhito. Rājā “ayaṃ na bahussuto, dutiyo bahussuto bhavissati, sve dāni vicitradhammadesanaṃ sossāmī”ti svātanāya nimantesi. Evaṃ yāva sabbesaṃ paṭipāṭi gacchati, tāva nimantesi. Te sabbepi “dosakkhayo hotu, mohakkhayo, gatikkhayo, vaṭṭakkhayo, upadhikkhayo, taṇhakkhayo hotū”ti evaṃ ekekaṃ padaṃ visesetvā sesaṃ paṭhamasadisameva vatvā uṭṭhahiṃsu.

Tato rājā “ime ‘bahussutā mayan’ti bhaṇanti, na ca tesaṃ vicitrakathā, kimetehi vuttan”ti tesaṃ vacanatthaṃ upaparikkhitumāraddho. Atha “rāgakkhayo hotū”ti upaparikkhanto “rāge khīṇe dosopi mohopi aññataraññatarepi kilesā khīṇā hontī”ti ñatvā attamano ahosi– “nippariyāyabahussutā ime samaṇā. Yathā hi purisena mahāpathaviṃ vā ākāsaṃ vā aṅguliyā niddisantena na aṅgulimattova padeso niddiṭṭho hoti, apica, kho, pana pathavī-ākāsā eva niddiṭṭhā honti, evaṃ imehi ekamekaṃ atthaṃ niddisantehi aparimāṇā atthā niddiṭṭhā hontī”ti. Tato so “kudāssu nāmāhampi evaṃ bahussuto bhavissāmī”ti tathārūpaṃ bahussutabhāvaṃ patthento rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā, vipassanto paccekabodhiṃ sacchikatvā, imaṃ udānagāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ bhajetha, mittaṃ uḷāraṃ paṭibhānavantaṃ;
aññāya atthāni vineyya kaṅkhaṃ, eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”ti.

Tatthāyaṃ saṅkhepattho– bahussutanti duvidho bahussuto tīsu piṭakesu atthato nikhilo pariyattibahussuto ca, maggaphalavijjābhiññānaṃ paṭividdhattā paṭivedhabahussuto ca. Āgatāgamo dhammadharo. Uḷārehi pana kāyavacīmanokammehi samannāgato uḷāro. Yuttapaṭibhāno ca muttapaṭibhāno ca yuttamuttapaṭibhāno ca paṭibhānavā. Pariyattiparipucchādhigamavasena vā tidhā paṭibhānavā veditabbo. Yassa hi pariyatti paṭibhāti, so pariyattipaṭibhānavā. Yassa atthañca ñāṇañca lakkhaṇañca ṭhānāṭṭhānañca paripucchantassa paripucchā paṭibhāti, so paripucchāpaṭibhānavā. Yena maggādayo paṭividdhā honti, so adhigamapaṭibhānavā. Taṃ evarūpaṃ bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ bhajetha mittaṃ uḷāraṃ paṭibhānavantaṃ. Tato tassānubhāvena attatthaparattha-ubhayatthabhedato vā diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthabhedato vā anekappakārāni aññāya atthāni. Tato– “ahosiṃ nu kho ahaṃ atītamaddhānan”ti-ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) kaṅkhaṭṭhānesu vineyya kaṅkhaṃ, vicikicchaṃ vinetvā vināsetvā evaṃ katasabbakicco eko care khaggavisāṇakappoti.

Bahussutagāthāvaṇṇanā samattā.

59. Khiḍḍaṃ ratinti kā uppatti? Bārāṇasiyaṃ vibhūsakabrahmadatto nāma rājā pātova yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā bhuñjitvā nānāvidhavibhūsanehi attānaṃ vibhūsāpetvā mahā-ādāse sakalasarīraṃ disvā yaṃ na icchati taṃ apanetvā aññena vibhūsanena vibhūsāpeti. Tassa ekadivasaṃ evaṃ karoto bhattavelā majjhanhikasamayo patto. Atha avibhūsitova dussapaṭṭena sīsaṃ veṭhetvā, bhuñjitvā, divāseyyaṃ upagacchi. Punapi uṭṭhahitvā tatheva karoto sūriyo atthaṅgato. Evaṃ dutiyadivasepi tatiyadivasepi. Athassa evaṃ maṇḍanappasutassa piṭṭhirogo udapādi. Tassetadahosi– “aho re, ahaṃ sabbathāmena vibhūsantopi imasmiṃ kappake vibhūsane asantuṭṭho lobhaṃ uppādesiṃ. Lobho ca nāmesa apāyagamanīyo dhammo, handāhaṃ, lobhaṃ niggaṇhāmī”ti rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanto paccekabodhiṃ sacchikatvā imaṃ udānagāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Khiḍḍaṃ ratiṃ kāmasukhañca loke, analaṅkaritvā anapekkhamāno;
vibhūsanaṭṭhānā virato saccavādī, eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”ti.

Tattha khiḍḍā ca rati ca pubbe vuttāva. Kāmasukhanti vatthukāmasukhaṃ. Vatthukāmāpi hi sukhassa visayādibhāvena sukhanti vuccanti. Yathāha– “atthi rūpaṃ sukhaṃ sukhānupatitan”ti (saṃ. ni. 3.60). Evametaṃ khiḍḍaṃ ratiṃ kāmasukhañca imasmiṃ okāsaloke analaṅkaritvā alanti akatvā, etaṃ tappakanti vā sārabhūtanti vā evaṃ aggahetvā. Anapekkhamānoti tena alaṅkaraṇena anapekkhaṇasīlo, apihāluko, nittaṇho, vibhūsanaṭṭhānā virato saccavādī eko careti. Tattha vibhūsā duvidhā– agārikavibhūsā, anagārikavibhūsā ca. Tattha agārikavibhūsā sāṭakaveṭhanamālāgandhādi, anagārikavibhūsā pattamaṇḍanādi. Vibhūsā eva vibhūsanaṭṭhānaṃ. Tasmā vibhūsanaṭṭhānā tividhāya viratiyā virato. Avitathavacanato saccavādīti evamattho daṭṭhabbo.

Vibhūsanaṭṭhānagāthāvaṇṇanā samattā.

60. Puttañca dāranti kā uppatti? Bārāṇasirañño kira putto daharakāle eva abhisitto rajjaṃ kāresi. So paṭhamagāthāya vuttapaccekabodhisatto viya rajjasirimanubhavanto ekadivasaṃ cintesi– “ahaṃ rajjaṃ kārento bahūnaṃ dukkhaṃ karomi. Kiṃ me ekabhattatthāya iminā pāpena, handa sukhamuppādemī”ti rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanto paccekabodhiṃ sacchikatvā imaṃ udānagāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Puttañca dāraṃ pitarañca mātaraṃ, dhanāni dhaññāni ca bandhavāni;
hitvāna kāmāni yathodhikāni, eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”ti.

Tattha dhanānīti muttāmaṇiveḷuriyasaṅkhasilāpavāḷarajatajātarūpādīni ratanāni. Dhaññānīti sālivīhiyavagodhumakaṅkuvarakakudrūsakapabhedāni satta sesāparaṇṇāni ca. Bandhavānīti ñātibandhugottabandhumittabandhusippabandhuvasena catubbidhe bandhave. Yathodhikānīti sakasaka-odhivasena ṭhitāneva. Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti.

Puttadāragāthāvaṇṇanā samattā.

61. Saṅgo esoti kā uppatti? Bārāṇasiyaṃ kira pādalolabrahmadatto nāma rājā ahosi. So pātova yāguṃ vā bhattaṃ vā bhuñjitvā tīsu pāsādesu tividhanāṭakāni passati. Tividhanāṭakānīti kira pubbarājato āgataṃ, anantararājato āgataṃ, attano kāle uṭṭhitanti. So ekadivasaṃ pātova daharanāṭakapāsādaṃ gato. Tā nāṭakitthiyo “rājānaṃ ramāpessāmā”ti sakkassa devānamindassa accharāyo viya atimanoharaṃ naccagītavāditaṃ payojesuṃ. Rājā– “anacchariyametaṃ daharānan”ti asantuṭṭho hutvā majjhimanāṭakapāsādaṃ gato. Tāpi nāṭakitthiyo tatheva akaṃsu. So tatthāpi tatheva asantuṭṭho hutvā mahānāṭakapāsādaṃ gato. Tāpi nāṭakitthiyo tatheva akaṃsu. Rājā dve tayo rājaparivaṭṭe atītānaṃ tāsaṃ mahallakabhāvena aṭṭhikīḷanasadisaṃ naccaṃ disvā gītañca amadhuraṃ sutvā punadeva daharanāṭakapāsādaṃ, puna majjhimanāṭakapāsādanti evaṃ vicaritvā katthaci asantuṭṭho cintesi– “imā nāṭakitthiyo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ accharāyo viya maṃ ramāpetukāmā sabbathāmena naccagītavāditaṃ payojesuṃ, svāhaṃ katthaci asantuṭṭho lobhameva vaḍḍhemi, lobho ca nāmesa apāyagamanīyo dhammo, handāhaṃ lobhaṃ niggaṇhāmī”ti rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā vipassanto paccekabodhiṃ sacchikatvā imaṃ udānagāthaṃ abhāsi–

“Saṅgo eso parittamettha sokhyaṃ, appassādo dukkhamettha bhiyyo;
gaḷo eso iti ñatvā matimā, eko care khaggavisāṇakappo”ti.

Tassattho– saṅgo esoti attano upabhogaṃ niddisati. So hi sajjanti tattha pāṇino kaddame paviṭṭho hatthī viyāti saṅgo. Parittamettha sokhyanti ettha pañcakāmaguṇūpabhogakāle viparītasaññāya uppādetabbato kāmāvacaradhammapariyāpannato vā lāmakaṭṭhena sokhyaṃ parittaṃ, vijjuppabhāya obhāsitanaccadassanasukhaṃ viya ittaraṃ tāvakālikanti vuttaṃ hoti. Appassādo dukkhamettha bhiyyoti ettha ca yvāyaṃ “yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ kāmānaṃ assādo”ti (ma. ni. 1.166) vutto. So yadidaṃ “ko ca, bhikkhave, kāmānaṃ ādīnavo? Idha, bhikkhave, kulaputto yena sippaṭṭhānena jīvikaṃ kappeti, yadi muddāya, yadi gaṇanāyā”ti evamādinā (ma. ni. 1.167) nayenettha dukkhaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ upanidhāya appo udakabindumatto hoti. Atha kho dukkhameva bhiyyo bahu, catūsu samuddesu udakasadisaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ “appassādo dukkhamettha bhiyyo”ti. Gaḷo esoti assādaṃ dassetvā ākaḍḍhanavasena baḷiso viya eso yadidaṃ pañca kāmaguṇā. Iti ñatvā matimāti evaṃ ñatvā buddhimā paṇḍito puriso sabbampetaṃ pahāya eko care khaggavisāṇakappoti.