Imaṃ vaṭṭakajātakañca kathetvā puna tesaṃ cirakālappavattaṃ ñātibhāvaṃ dassento imaṃ mahāvaṃsaṃ kathesi. Te “pubbe kira mayaṃ ñātakā evā”ti ativiya pasīdiṃsu. Tato sakyā aḍḍhateyyakumārasate, koliyā aḍḍhateyyakumārasateti pañca kumārasate bhagavato parivāratthāya adaṃsu. Bhagavā tesaṃ pubbahetuṃ disvā “etha bhikkhavo”ti āha. Te sabbe iddhiyā nibbatta-aṭṭhaparikkhārayuttā ākāse abbhuggantvā āgamma bhagavantaṃ vanditvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Bhagavā te ādāya mahāvanaṃ agamāsi. Tesaṃ pajāpatiyo dūte pāhesuṃ, te tāhi nānappakārehi palobhiyamānā ukkaṇṭhiṃsu. Bhagavā tesaṃ ukkaṇṭhitabhāvaṃ ñatvā himavantaṃ dassetvā tattha kuṇālajātakakathāya (jā. 2.21.289 kuṇālajātakaṃ) tesaṃ anabhiratiṃ vinodetukāmo āha– “diṭṭhapubbo vo, bhikkhave, himavā”ti? “Na bhagavā”ti. “Etha, bhikkhave, pekkhathā”ti attano iddhiyā te ākāsena nento “ayaṃ suvaṇṇapabbato, ayaṃ rajatapabbato, ayaṃ maṇipabbato”ti nānappakāre pabbate dassetvā kuṇāladahe manosilātale paccuṭṭhāsi. Tato “himavante sabbe catuppadabahuppadādibhedā tiracchānagatā pāṇā āgacchantu, sabbesañca pacchato kuṇālasakuṇo”ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Āgacchante ca te jātināmaniruttivasena vaṇṇento “ete, bhikkhave, haṃsā, ete koñcā ete cakkavākā, karavīkā, hatthisoṇḍakā, pokkharasātakā”ti tesaṃ dassesi.

Te vimhitahadayā passantā sabbapacchato āgacchantaṃ dvīhi dijakaññāhi mukhatuṇḍakena ḍaṃsitvā gahitakaṭṭhavemajjhe nisinnaṃ sahassadijakaññāparivāraṃ kuṇālasakuṇaṃ disvā acchariyabbhutacittajātā bhagavantaṃ āhaṃsu– “kacci, bhante, bhagavāpi idha kuṇālarājā bhūtapubbo”ti? “Āma, bhikkhave, mayāvesa kuṇālavaṃso kato. Atīte hi mayaṃ cattāro janā idha vasimhā– nārado devilo isi, ānando gijjharājā, puṇṇamukho phussakokilo, ahaṃ kuṇālo sakuṇo”ti sabbaṃ mahākuṇālajātakaṃ kathesi. Taṃ sutvā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purāṇadutiyikāyo ārabbha uppannā anabhirati vūpasantā. Tato tesaṃ bhagavā saccakathaṃ kathesi, kathāpariyosāne sabbapacchimako sotāpanno, sabba-uparimo anāgāmī ahosi, ekopi puthujjano vā arahā vā natthi. Tato bhagavā te ādāya punadeva mahāvane oruhi. Āgacchamānā ca te bhikkhū attanova iddhiyā āgacchiṃsu.
Atha nesaṃ bhagavā uparimaggatthāya puna dhammaṃ desesi. Te pañcasatāpi vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Paṭhamaṃ patto paṭhamameva agamāsi “bhagavato ārocessāmī”ti. Āgantvā ca “abhiramāmahaṃ bhagavā, na ukkaṇṭhāmī”ti vatvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Evaṃ te sabbepi anukkamena āgantvā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu jeṭṭhamāsa-uposathadivase sāyanhasamaye. Tato pañcasatakhīṇāsavaparivutaṃ varabuddhāsane nisinnaṃ bhagavantaṃ ṭhapetvā asaññasatte ca arūpabrahmāno ca sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷe avasesadevatādayo maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttanayena sukhumattabhāve nimminitvā samparivāresuṃ “vicitrapaṭibhānaṃ dhammadesanaṃ sossāmā”ti. Tattha cattāro khīṇāsavabrahmāno samāpattito vuṭṭhāya brahmagaṇaṃ apassantā “kuhiṃ gatā”ti āvajjetvā tamatthaṃ ñatvā pacchā āgantvā okāsaṃ alabhamānā cakkavāḷamuddhani ṭhatvā paccekagāthāyo abhāsiṃsu. Yathāha–
“Atha kho catunnaṃ suddhāvāsakāyikānaṃ devatānaṃ etadahosi– ‘ayaṃ, kho, bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ mahāvane mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi sabbeheva arahantehi. Dasahi ca lokadhātūhi devatā yebhuyyena sannipatitā honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya bhikkhusaṅghañca Yaṃnūna mayampi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkameyyāma, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike paccekaṃ gāthaṃ bhāseyyāmā”’ti (dī. ni. 2.331; saṃ. ni. 1.37).
Sabbaṃ sagāthāvagge vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ gantvā ca tattha eko brahmā puratthimacakkavāḷamuddhani okāsaṃ labhitvā tattha ṭhito imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Mahāsamayo pavanasmiṃ…pe…
dakkhitāye aparājitasaṅghan”ti. (Dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37).
Imañcassa gāthaṃ bhāsamānassa pacchimacakkavāḷapabbate ṭhito saddaṃ assosi.
Dutiyo pacchimacakkavāḷamuddhani okāsaṃ labhitvā tattha ṭhito taṃ gāthaṃ sutvā imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Tatra bhikkhavo samādahaṃsu…pe…
indriyāni rakkhanti paṇḍitā”ti. (Dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37).
Tatiyo dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamuddhani okāsaṃ labhitvā tattha ṭhito taṃ gāthaṃ sutvā imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi–
“Chetvā khīlaṃ chetvā palighaṃ…pe… susunāgā”ti. (Dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37).
Catuttho uttaracakkavāḷamuddhani okāsaṃ labhitvā tattha ṭhito taṃ gāthaṃ sutvā imaṃ gāthamabhāsi–
“Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse…pe…
devakāyaṃ paripūressantī”ti. (Dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37).
Tassapi taṃ saddaṃ dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamuddhani ṭhito assosi. Evaṃ tadā ime cattāro brahmāno parisaṃ thometvā ṭhitā ahesuṃ, mahābrahmāno ekacakkavāḷaṃ chādetvā aṭṭhaṃsu.
Atha bhagavā devaparisaṃ oloketvā bhikkhūnaṃ ārocesi “yepi te, bhikkhave, ahesuṃ atītamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tesampi bhagavantānaṃ etapparamāyeva devatā sannipatitā ahesuṃ. Seyyathāpi mayhaṃ etarahi, yepi te, bhikkhave, bhavissanti anāgatamaddhānaṃ arahanto sammāsambuddhā, tesampi bhagavantānaṃ etapparamāyeva devatā sannipatitā bhavissanti seyyathāpi mayhaṃ etarahī”ti. Tato taṃ devaparisaṃ bhabbābhabbavasena dvidhā vibhaji “ettakā bhabbā, ettakā abhabbā”ti. Tattha “abhabbaparisā buddhasatepi dhammaṃ desente na bujjhati, bhabbaparisā sakkā bodhetun”ti ñatvā puna bhabbapuggale cariyavasena chadhā vibhaji “ettakā rāgacaritā, ettakā dosa-moha-vitakka-saddhā-buddhicaritā”ti. Evaṃ cariyavasena pariggahetvā “assā parisāya kīdisā dhammadesanā sappāyā”ti dhammakathaṃ vicinitvā puna taṃ parisaṃ manasākāsi– “attajjhāsayena nu kho jāneyya, parajjhāsayena, aṭṭhuppattivasena, pucchāvasenā”ti. Tato “pucchāvasena jāneyyā”ti ñatvā “pañhaṃ pucchituṃ samattho atthi, natthī”ti puna sakalaparisaṃ āvajjetvā “natthi kocī”ti ñatvā “sace ahameva pucchitvā ahameva vissajjeyyaṃ, evamassā parisāya sappāyaṃ na hoti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ nimmitabuddhaṃ māpeyyanti pādakajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya manomayiddhiyā abhisaṅkharitvā nimmitabuddhaṃ māpesi. Sabbaṅgapaccaṅgī lakkhaṇasampanno pattacīvaradharo ālokitavilokitādisampanno hotū”ti adhiṭṭhānacittena saha pāturahosi. So pācīnalokadhātuto āgantvā bhagavato samasame āsane nisinno evaṃ āgantvā yāni bhagavatā imamhi samāgame cariyavasena cha suttāni (su. ni. 854 ādayo, 868 ādayo, 884 ādayo, 901 ādayo, 921 ādayo) kathitāni. Seyyathidaṃ– purābhedasuttaṃ kalahavivādasuttaṃ cūḷabyūhaṃ mahābyūhaṃ tuvaṭakaṃ idameva sammāparibbājanīyanti. Tesu rāgacaritadevatānaṃ sappāyavasena kathetabbassa imassa suttassa pavattanatthaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanto “pucchāmi muniṃ pahūtapaññan”ti imaṃ gāthamāha.
Tattha pahūtapaññanti mahāpaññaṃ. Tiṇṇanti caturoghatiṇṇaṃ. Pāraṅgatanti nibbānappattaṃ. Parinibbutanti sa-upādisesanibbānavasena parinibbutaṃ. Ṭhitattanti lokadhammehi akampanīyacittaṃ. Nikkhamma gharā panujja kāmeti vatthukāme panuditvā gharāvāsā nikkhamma. Kathaṃ bhikkhu sammā so loke paribbajeyyāti so bhikkhu kathaṃ loke sammā paribbajeyya vihareyya anupalitto lokena hutvā, lokaṃ atikkameyyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Sesamettha vuttanayameva.
363. Atha bhagavā yasmā āsavakkhayaṃ appatvā loke sammā paribbajanto nāma natthi, tasmā tasmiṃ rāgacaritādivasena pariggahite sabbapuggalasamūhe taṃ taṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ samānadosānaṃ devatāgaṇānaṃ āciṇṇadosappahānatthaṃ “yassa maṅgalā”ti ārabhitvā arahattanikūṭeneva khīṇāsavapaṭipadaṃ pakāsento pannarasa gāthāyo abhāsi.
Tattha paṭhamagāthāya tāva maṅgalāti maṅgalasutte vuttānaṃ diṭṭhamaṅgalādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Samūhatāti suṭṭhu ūhatā paññāsatthena samucchinnā. Uppātāti “ukkāpātadisāḍāhādayo evaṃ vipākā hontī”ti evaṃ pavattā uppātābhinivesā. Supināti “pubbaṇhasamaye supinaṃ disvā idaṃ nāma hoti, majjhanhikādīsu idaṃ, vāmapassena sayatā diṭṭhe idaṃ nāma hoti, dakkhiṇapassādīhi idaṃ, supinante candaṃ disvā idaṃ nāma hoti, sūriyādayo disvā idan”ti evaṃ pavattā supinābhinivesā. Lakkhaṇāti daṇḍalakkhaṇavatthalakkhaṇādipāṭhaṃ paṭhitvā “iminā idaṃ nāma hotī”ti evaṃ pavattā lakkhaṇābhinivesā. Te sabbepi brahmajāle vuttanayeneva veditabbā. So maṅgaladosavippahīnoti aṭṭhatiṃsa mahāmaṅgalāni ṭhapetvā avasesā maṅgaladosā nāma. Yassa panete maṅgalādayo samūhatā, so maṅgaladosavippahīno hoti. Atha vā maṅgalānañca uppātādidosānañca pahīnattā maṅgaladosavippahīno hoti, na maṅgalādīhi suddhiṃ pacceti ariyamaggassa adhigatattā. Tasmā sammā so loke paribbajeyya, so khīṇāsavo sammā loke paribbajeyya anupalitto lokenāti.
364. Dutiyagāthāya rāgaṃ vinayetha mānusesu, dibbesu kāmesu cāpi bhikkhūti mānusesu ca dibbesu ca kāmaguṇesu anāgāmimaggena anuppattidhammataṃ nento rāgaṃ vinayetha. Atikkamma bhavaṃ samecca dhammanti evaṃ rāgaṃ vinetvā tato paraṃ arahattamaggena sabbappakārato pariññābhisamayādayo sādhento catusaccabhedampi samecca dhammaṃ imāya paṭipadāya tividhampi atikkamma bhavaṃ. Sammā soti sopi bhikkhu sammā loke paribbajeyya.
365. Tatiyagāthāya “anurodhavirodhavippahīno”ti sabbavatthūsu pahīnarāgadoso. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva sabbagāthāsu ca “sopi bhikkhu sammā loke paribbajeyyā”ti yojetabbaṃ. Ito parañhi yojanampi avatvā avuttanayameva vaṇṇayissāma.
366. Catutthagāthāya sattasaṅkhāravasena duvidhaṃ piyañca appiyañca veditabbaṃ, tattha chandarāgapaṭighappahānena hitvā. Anupādāyāti catūhi upādānehi kañci dhammaṃ aggahetvā. Anissito kuhiñcīti aṭṭhasatabhedena taṇhānissayena dvāsaṭṭhibhedena diṭṭhinissayena ca kuhiñci rūpādidhamme bhave vā anissito. Saṃyojaniyehi vippamuttoti sabbepi tebhūmakadhammā dasavidhasaṃyojanassa visayattā saṃyojaniyā, tehi sabbappakārato maggabhāvanāya pariññātattā ca vippamuttoti attho. Paṭhamapādena cettha rāgadosappahānaṃ vuttaṃ, dutiyena upādānanissayābhāvo, tatiyena sesākusalehi akusalavatthūhi ca vippamokkho. Paṭhamena vā rāgadosappahānaṃ, dutiyena tadupāyo, tatiyena tesaṃ pahīnattā saṃyojaniyehi vippamokkhoti veditabbo.
367. Pañcamagāthāya upadhīsūti khandhupadhīsu. Ādānanti ādātabbaṭṭhena teyeva vuccanti. Anaññaneyyoti aniccādīnaṃ sudiṭṭhattā “idaṃ seyyo”ti kenaci anetabbo. Sesaṃ uttānapadatthameva. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti– ādānesu catutthamaggena sabbaso chandarāgaṃ vinetvā so vinītachandarāgo, tesu upadhīsu na sārameti, sabbe upadhī asārakatteneva passati. Tato tesu duvidhenapi nissayena anissito aññena vā kenaci “idaṃ seyyo”ti anetabbo khīṇāsavo bhikkhu sammā so loke paribbajeyya.
368. Chaṭṭhagāthāya aviruddhoti etesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ duccaritānaṃ pahīnattā sucaritehi saddhiṃ aviruddho. Viditvā dhammanti maggena catusaccadhammaṃ ñatvā. Nibbānapadābhipatthayānoti anupādisesaṃ khandhaparinibbānapadaṃ patthayamāno. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.
369. Sattamagāthāya akkuṭṭhoti dasahi akkosavatthūhi abhisatto. Na sandhiyethāti na upanayhetha na kuppeyya. Laddhā parabhojanaṃ na majjeti parehi dinnaṃ saddhādeyyaṃ labhitvā “ahaṃ ñāto yasassī lābhī”ti na majjeyya. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.
370. Aṭṭhamagāthāya lobhanti visamalobhaṃ. Bhavanti kāmabhavādibhavaṃ. Evaṃ dvīhi padehi bhavabhogataṇhā vuttā. Purimena vā sabbāpi taṇhā, pacchimena kammabhavo. Virato chedanabandhanā cāti evametesaṃ kammakilesānaṃ pahīnattā parasattachedanabandhanā ca viratoti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
371. Navamagāthāya sāruppaṃ attano viditvāti attano bhikkhubhāvassa patirūpaṃ anesanādiṃ pahāya sammā-esanādi-ājīvasuddhiṃ aññañca sammāpaṭipattiṃ tattha patiṭṭhahanena viditvā. Na hi ñātamatteneva kiñci hoti. Yathātathiyanti yathātathaṃ yathābhūtaṃ. Dhammanti khandhāyatanādibhedaṃ yathābhūtañāṇena, catusaccadhammaṃ vā maggena viditvā. Sesaṃ uttānatthameva.
372. Dasamagāthāya so nirāso anāsisānoti yassa ariyamaggena vināsitattā anusayā ca na santi, akusalamūlā ca samūhatā, so nirāso nittaṇho hoti. Tato āsāya abhāvena kañci rūpādidhammaṃ nāsīsati. Tenāha “nirāso anāsisāno”ti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
373. Ekādasamagāthāya āsavakhīṇoti khīṇacaturāsavo. Pahīnamānoti pahīnanavavidhamāno. Rāgapathanti rāgavisayabhūtaṃ tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ. Upātivattoti pariññāpahānehi atikkanto. Dantoti sabbadvāravisevanaṃ hitvā ariyena damathena dantabhūmiṃ patto. Parinibbutoti kilesaggivūpasamena sītibhūto. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
374. Dvādasamagāthāya saddhoti buddhādiguṇesu parappaccayavirahitattā sabbākārasampannena aveccappasādena samannāgato, na parassa saddhāya paṭipattiyaṃ gamanabhāvena. Yathāha– “na khvāhaṃ ettha bhante bhagavato saddhāya gacchāmī”ti (a. ni. 5.34). Sutavāti vositasutakiccattā paramatthikasutasamannāgato. Niyāmadassīti saṃsārakantāramūḷhe loke amatapuragāmino sammattaniyāmabhūtassa maggassa dassāvī, diṭṭhamaggoti vuttaṃ hoti. Vaggagatesu na vaggasārīti vaggagatā nāma dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatikā aññamaññaṃ paṭilomattā, evaṃ vaggāhi diṭṭhīhi gatesu sattesu na vaggasārī– “idaṃ ucchijjissati, idaṃ tatheva bhavissatī”ti evaṃ diṭṭhivasena agamanato. Paṭighanti paṭighātakaṃ, cittavighātakanti vuttaṃ hoti. Dosavisesanamevetaṃ. Vineyyāti vinetvā. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
375. Terasamagāthāya saṃsuddhajinoti saṃsuddhena arahattamaggena vijitakileso. Vivaṭṭacchadoti vivaṭarāgadosamohachadano. Dhammesu vasīti catusaccadhammesu vasippatto. Na hissa sakkā te dhammā yathā ñātā kenaci aññathā kātuṃ, tena khīṇāsavo “dhammesu vasī”ti vuccati. Pāragūti pāraṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ, taṃ gato, sa-upādisesavasena adhigatoti vuttaṃ hoti. Anejoti apagatataṇhācalano. Saṅkhāranirodhañāṇakusaloti saṅkhāranirodho vuccati nibbānaṃ, tamhi ñāṇaṃ ariyamaggapaññā, tattha kusalo, catukkhattuṃ bhāvitattā chekoti vuttaṃ hoti.
376. Cuddasamagāthāya atītesūti pavattiṃ patvā atikkantesu pañcakkhandhesu. Anāgatesūti pavattiṃ appattesu pañcakkhandhesu eva. Kappātītoti “ahaṃ maman”ti kappanaṃ sabbampi vā taṇhādiṭṭhikappaṃ atīto. Aticca suddhipaññoti atīva suddhipañño, atikkamitvā vā suddhipañño. Kiṃ atikkamitvā? Addhattayaṃ. Arahā hi yvāyaṃ avijjāsaṅkhārasaṅkhāto atīto addhā, jātijarāmaraṇasaṅkhāto anāgato addhā, viññāṇādibhavapariyanto paccuppanno ca addhā, taṃ sabbampi atikkamma kaṅkhaṃ vitaritvā paramasuddhippattapañño hutvā ṭhito. Tena vuccati “aticca suddhipañño”ti. Sabbāyatanehīti dvādasahāyatanehi. Arahā hi evaṃ kappātīto. Kappātītattā aticca suddhipaññattā ca āyatiṃ na kiñci āyatanaṃ upeti. Tenāha– “sabbāyatanehi vippamutto”ti.
377. Pannarasamagāthāya aññāya padanti ye te “saccānaṃ caturo padā”ti vuttā, tesu ekekapadaṃ pubbabhāgasaccavavatthāpanapaññāya ñatvā. Samecca dhammanti tato paraṃ catūhi ariyamaggehi catusaccadhammaṃ samecca. Vivaṭaṃ disvāna pahānamāsavānanti atha paccavekkhaṇañāṇena āsavakkhayasaññitaṃ nibbānaṃ vivaṭaṃ pākaṭamanāvaṭaṃ disvā. Sabbupadhīnaṃ parikkhayāti sabbesaṃ khandhakāmaguṇakilesābhisaṅkhārabhedānaṃ upadhīnaṃ parikkhīṇattā katthaci asajjamāno bhikkhu sammā so loke paribbajeyya vihareyya, anallīyanto lokaṃ gaccheyyāti desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.
378. Tato so nimmito dhammadesanaṃ thomento “addhā hi bhagavā”ti imaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha yo so evaṃ vihārīti yo so maṅgalādīni samūhanitvā sabbamaṅgaladosappahānavihārī, yopi so dibbamānusakesu kāmesu rāgaṃ vineyya bhavātikkamma dhammābhisamayavihārīti evaṃ tāya tāya gāthāya niddiṭṭhabhikkhuṃ dassento āha. Sesaṃ uttānameva. Ayaṃ pana yojanā– addhā hi bhagavā tatheva etaṃ yaṃ tvaṃ “yassa maṅgalā samūhatā”ti-ādīni vatvā tassā tassā gāthāya pariyosāne “sammā so loke paribbajeyyā”ti avaca. Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ? Yo so evaṃvihārī bhikkhu, so uttamena damathena danto, sabbāni ca dasapi saṃyojanāni caturo ca yoge vītivatto hoti. Tasmā sammā so loke paribbajeyya, natthi me ettha vicikicchāti iti desanāthomanagāthampi vatvā arahattanikūṭeneva desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. Suttapariyosāne koṭisatasahassadevatānaṃ aggaphalappatti ahosi, sotāpattisakadāgāmi-anāgāmiphalappattā pana gaṇanato asaṅkhyeyyāti.

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya sammāparibbājanīyasuttavaṇṇanā

Niṭṭhitā.