12. Dvādasamavaggo

1. Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Duppabbajjaṃ ve duradhivāsā gehāti āyasmato jentattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle devaputto hutvā nibbatti. So ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannacitto kiṃkirātapupphehi pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe jentagāme ekassa maṇḍalikarājassa putto hutvā nibbatti, jentotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto daharakāleyeva hetusampattiyā codiyamāno pabbajjāninnamānaso hutvā puna cintesi– “pabbajjā nāma dukkarā, gharāpi durāvāsā, dhammo ca gambhīro, bhogā ca duradhigamā, kiṃ nu kho kattabban”ti evaṃ pana cintābahulo hutvā vicaranto ekadivasaṃ satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇi. Sutakālato paṭṭhāya pabbajjābhirato hutvā satthu santike pabbajitvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.16.21-24)–

“Devaputto ahaṃ santo, pūjayiṃ sikhināyakaṃ;
kakkārupupphaṃ paggayha, buddhassa abhiropayiṃ.
“Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Ito ca navame kappe, rājā sattuttamo ahuṃ;
sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhanto, “asakkhiṃ vatāhaṃ ādito mayhaṃ uppannavitakkaṃ chinditun”ti somanassajāto vitakkassa uppannākāraṃ tassa ca sammadeva chinnataṃ dassento–

111. “duppabbajjaṃ ve duradhivāsā gehā, dhammo gambhīro duradhigamā bhogā;

kicchā vutti no itarītareneva, yuttaṃ cintetuṃ satatamaniccatan”ti.–

Gāthaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha duppabbajjanti appaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhañceva ñātiparivaṭṭañca pahāya imasmiṃ sāsane uraṃ datvā pabbajanassa dukkarattā dukkhaṃ pabbajanaṃ, dukkarā pabbajjāti duppabbajjaṃ. Veti nipātamattaṃ, daḷhattho vā “pabbajjā dukkhā”ti Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhivāsā gehā, yasmā gehaṃ adhivasantena raññā rājakiccaṃ, issarena issarakiccaṃ, gahapatinā gahapatikiccaṃ kattabbaṃ hoti, parijano ceva samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca saṅgahetabbā, tasmiṃ tasmiñca kattabbe kariyamānepi gharāvāso chiddaghaṭo viya mahāsamuddo viya ca duppūro, tasmā gehā nāmete adhivasituṃ āvasituṃ dukkhā dukkarāti katvā duradhivāsā durāvāsāti. Pabbajjañce anutiṭṭheyyaṃ dhammo gambhīro, yadatthā pabbajjā, so pabbajitena adhigantabbo paṭivedhasaddhammo gambhīro, gambhīrañāṇagocarattā duddaso, duppaṭivijjho dhammassa gambhīrabhāvena duppaṭivijjhattā. Gehañce āvaseyyaṃ, duradhigamā bhogā yehi vinā na sakkā gehaṃ āvasituṃ, te bhogā dukkhena kasirena adhigantabbatāya duradhigamā. Evaṃ sante gharāvāsaṃ pahāya pabbajjaṃyeva anutiṭṭheyyaṃ, evampi kicchā vutti no itarītarena idha imasmiṃ buddhasāsane itarītarena yathāladdhena paccayena amhākaṃ vutti jīvikā kicchā dukkhā, gharāvāsānaṃ duradhivāsatāya bhogānañca duradhigamatāya gehe itarītarena paccayena yāpetabbatāya kicchā kasirā vutti amhākaṃ, tattha kiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti? Yuttaṃ cintetuṃ satatamaniccataṃ sakalaṃ divasaṃ pubbarattāpararattañca tebhūmakadhammajātaṃ aniccatanti, tato uppādavayavantato ādi-antavantato tāvakālikato ca na niccanti “aniccan”ti cintetuṃ vipassituṃ yuttaṃ. Aniccānupassanāya siddhāya itarānupassanā sukheneva sijjhantīti aniccānupassanāva ettha vuttā, aniccassa dukkhānattatānaṃ abyabhicaraṇato sāsanikassa sukhaggahaṇato ca. Tenāha– “yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā”ti (saṃ. ni. 3.15), “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammaṃ” (mahāva. 16; dī. ni. 2.371; saṃ. ni. 5.1081), “vayadhammā saṅkhārā”ti (dī. ni. 2.218) ca tadaminā evaṃ aññamaññaṃ paṭipakkhavasena aparāparaṃ uppanne vitakke niggahetvā aniccatāmukhena vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā idāni katakicco jātoti dasseti. Tena vuttaṃ “attano paṭipattin”ti-ādi. Idameva therassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ ahosi.

Jentattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.