5. Pañcamavaggo

1. Kumārakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Aho buddhā aho dhammāti āyasmato kumārakassapattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. “Kulagehe”ti pana aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.217) vuttaṃ. So satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ cittakathikānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā tadanurūpāni puññāni karonto kassapassa bhagavato kāle samaṇadhammaṃ katvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe seṭṭhidhītāya kucchimhi paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā kira kumārikākāleyeva pabbajitukāmā hutvā mātāpitaro yācitvā pabbajjaṃ alabhamānā kulagharaṃ gatāpi gabbhasaṇṭhitampi ajānantī sāmikaṃ ārādhetvā tena anuññātā bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā. Tassā gabbhinibhāvaṃ disvā bhikkhuniyo devadattaṃ pucchiṃsu. So “assamaṇī”ti āha. Puna dasabalaṃ pucchiṃsu. Satthā upālittheraṃ paṭicchāpesi. Thero sāvatthinagaravāsīni kulāni visākhañca upāsikaṃ pakkosāpetvā sarājikāya parisāya vinicchinanto “pure laddho gabbho, pabbajjā arogā”ti āha. Satthā “suvinicchitaṃ adhikaraṇan”ti therassa sādhukāraṃ adāsi.

Sā bhikkhunī suvaṇṇabimbasadisaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. Taṃ rājā pasenadikosalo posesi. “Kassapo”ti cassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Aparabhāge alaṅkaritvā satthu santikaṃ netvā pabbājesi. Kumārakāle pabbajitattā bhagavatā “kassapaṃ pakkosatha, idaṃ phalaṃ vā khādanīyaṃ vā kassapassa dethā”ti vutte “katarakassapassā”ti. “Kumārakassapassā”ti. Evaṃ gahitanāmattā rañño posāvanikaputtattā ca vuḍḍhakālepi kumārakassapotveva paññāyittha.

So pabbajitakālato paṭṭhāya vipassanāya ceva kammaṃ karoti, buddhavacanañca uggaṇhāti. Atha tena saddhiṃ pabbatamatthake samaṇadhammaṃ katvā anāgāmī hutvā suddhāvāse nibbatto mahābrahmā “vipassanāya mukhaṃ dassetvā maggaphalappattiyā upāyaṃ karissāmī”ti pañcadasa pañhe abhisaṅkharitvā andhavane vasantassa therassa “ime pañhe satthāraṃ puccheyyāsī”ti ācikkhitvā gato. So te pañhe bhagavantaṃ pucchi. Bhagavāpissa byākāsi. Thero satthārā kathitaniyāmeneva te uggaṇhitvā vipassanaṃ gabbhaṃ gaṇhāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.150-177)–

“Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako;
sabbalokahito vīro, padumuttaranāmako.
“Tadāhaṃ brāhmaṇo hutvā, vissuto vedapāragū;
divāvihāraṃ vicaraṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
“Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, bodhayantaṃ sadevakaṃ;
vicittakathikānaggaṃ, vaṇṇayantaṃ mahājane.
“Tadā muditacittohaṃ, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
nānārattehi vatthehi, alaṅkaritvāna maṇḍapaṃ.
“Nānāratanapajjotaṃ, sasaṅghaṃ bhojayiṃ tahiṃ;
bhojayitvāna sattāhaṃ, nānaggarasabhojanaṃ.
“Nānācittehi pupphehi, pūjayitvā sasāvakaṃ;
nipacca pādamūlamhi, taṃ ṭhāna patthayiṃ ahaṃ.
“Tadā munivaro āha, karuṇekarasāsayo;
passathetaṃ dijavaraṃ, padumānanalocanaṃ.
“Pītipāmojjabahulaṃ samuggatatanūruhaṃ;
hāsamhitavisālakkhaṃ, mama sāsanalālasaṃ.
“Patitaṃ pādamūle me, ekāvatthasumānasaṃ;
esa pattheti taṃ ṭhānaṃ, vicittakathikattanaṃ.
“Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
kumārakassapo nāma, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Vicittapupphadussānaṃ, ratanānañca vāhasā;
vicittakathikānaṃ so, aggataṃ pāpuṇissati.
“Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
“Paribbhamaṃ bhavābhave, raṅgamajjhe yathā naṭo;
sākhamigatrajo hutvā, migiyā kucchimokkamiṃ.
“Tadā mayi kucchigate, vajjhavāro upaṭṭhito;
sākhena cattā me mātā, nigrodhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā.
“Tena sā migarājena, maraṇā parimocitā;
pariccajitvā sapāṇaṃ, mamevaṃ ovadī tadā.
“Nigrodhameva seveyya, na sākhamupasaṃvase;
nigrodhasmiṃ mataṃ seyyo, yañce sākhamhi jīvitaṃ.
“Tenānusiṭṭhā migayūthapena, ahañca mātā ca tathetare ca;
āgamma rammaṃ tusitādhivāsaṃ, gatā pavāsaṃ sagharaṃ yatheva.
“Puno kassapavīrassa, atthamentamhi sāsane;
āruyha selasikharaṃ, yuñjitvā jinasāsanaṃ.
“Idānāhaṃ rājagahe, jāto seṭṭhikule ahuṃ;
āpannasattā me mātā, pabbaji anagāriyaṃ.
“Sagabbhaṃ taṃ viditvāna, devadattamupānayuṃ;
so avoca vināsetha, pāpikaṃ bhikkhuniṃ imaṃ.
“Idānipi munindena, jinena anukampitā;
sukhinī ajanī mayhaṃ, mātā bhikkhunupassaye.
“Taṃ viditvā mahīpālo, kosalo maṃ aposayi;
kumāraparihānena, nāmenāhañca kassapo.
“Mahākassapamāgamma, ahaṃ kumārakassapo;
vammikasadisaṃ kāyaṃ, sutvā buddhena desitaṃ.
“Tato cittaṃ vimucci me, anupādāya sabbaso;
pāyāsiṃ damayitvāhaṃ, etadaggamapāpuṇiṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā cittakathikabhāvena satthārā etadagge ṭhapito attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ratanattayaguṇavibhāvanamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto–

201. “aho buddhā aho dhammā, aho no satthu sampadā;

yattha etādisaṃ dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhiti.

202. “Asaṅkheyyesu kappesu, sakkāyādhigatā ahū;

tesamayaṃ pacchimako, carimoyaṃ samussayo;
jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo”ti.– Gāthādvayaṃ abhāsi.

Tattha ahoti acchariyatthe nipāto. Buddhāti sabbaññubuddhā, gāravavasena bahuvacanaṃ, aho acchariyā sambuddhāti attho. Dhammāti pariyattidhammena saddhiṃ nava lokuttaradhammā. Aho no satthu sampadāti amhākaṃ satthu dasabalassa aho sampattiyo. Yatthāti yasmiṃ satthari brahmacariyavāsena. Etādisaṃ dhammaṃ, sāvako sacchikāhitīti etādisaṃ evarūpaṃ suvisuddhajjhānābhiññāparivāraṃ anavasesakilesakkhayāvahaṃ santaṃ paṇītaṃ anuttaraṃ dhammaṃ sāvakopi nāma sacchikarissati, tasmā evaṃvidhaguṇavisesādhigamahetubhūtā aho acchariyā buddhā bhagavanto, acchariyā dhammaguṇā, acchariyā amhākaṃ satthu sampattiyoti ratanattayassa guṇādhimuttiṃ pavedesīti. Dhammasampattikittaneneva hi saṅghasuppaṭipatti kittitā hotīti.

Evaṃ sādhāraṇavasena dassitaṃ dhammassa sacchikiriyaṃ idāni attupanāyikaṃ katvā dassento “asaṅkheyyesū”ti gāthamāha. Tattha asaṅkheyyesūti gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattesu mahākappesu. Sakkāyāti pañcupādānakkhandhā. Te hi paramatthato vijjamānadhammasamūhatāya “sakkāyā”ti vuccanti. Ahūti nivattanūpāyassa anadhigatattā anapagatā ahesuṃ. Tesamayaṃ pacchimako carimoyaṃ samussayoti yasmā ayaṃ sabbapacchimako, tato eva carimo, tasmā jātimaraṇasahito khandhādipaṭipāṭisaññito saṃsāro idāni āyatiṃ punabbhavābhāvato punabbhavo natthi, ayamantimā jātīti attho.

Kumārakassapattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.