3. Bākulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Yo pubbe karaṇīyānīti āyasmato bākulattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi kira atīte ito kappasatasahassādhikassa asaṅkhyeyyassa matthake anomadassissa bhagavato uppattito puretarameva brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā vayappatto tayo vede uggahetvā tattha sāraṃ apassanto “samparāyikatthaṃ gavesissāmī”ti isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pabbatapāde viharanto pañcābhiññā-aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī hutvā viharanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhito satthu udarābādhe uppanne araññato bhesajjāni āharitvā taṃ vūpasametvā tattha puññaṃ ārogyatthāya pariṇāmetvā tato cuto brahmaloke nibbattitvā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto padumuttarabuddhakāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbatto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ appābādhānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayaṃ taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ ākaṅkhanto paṇidhānaṃ katvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto vipassissa bhagavato nibbattito puretarameva bandhumatīnagare brāhmaṇakule nibbatto purimanayeneva isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā jhānābhiññālābhī hutvā pabbatapāde vasanto buddhuppādaṃ sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhito bhikkhūnaṃ tiṇapupphakaroge uppanne taṃ vūpasametvā tattha yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā tato cuto brahmaloke nibbattitvā ekanavutikappe devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā gharāvāsaṃ vasanto ekaṃ jiṇṇaṃ vinassamānaṃ mahāvihāraṃ disvā tattha uposathāgārādikaṃ sabbaṃ āvasathaṃ kāretvā tattha bhikkhusaṅghassa sabbaṃ bhesajjaṃ paṭiyādetvā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ bhagavato uppattito puretarameva kosambiyaṃ seṭṭhigehe nibbatti. So arogabhāvāya mahāyamunāya nhāpiyamāno dhātiyā hatthato macchena gilito macche kevaṭṭahatthagate bārāṇasiseṭṭhibhariyāya vikkiṇitvā gahite phāliyamānepi puññabalena arogoyeva hutvā tāya puttoti gahetvā posiyamāno taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā janakehi mātāpitūhi “ayaṃ amhākaṃ putto, detha no puttan”ti anuyoge kate raññā “ubhayesampi sādhāraṇo hotū”ti dvinnaṃ kulānaṃ dāyādabhāvena vinicchayaṃ katvā ṭhapitattā bākuloti laddhanāmo vayappatto hutvā mahatiṃ sampattiṃ anubhavanto āsītiko hutvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā sattāhameva puthujjano ahosi, aṭṭhame aruṇe saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.386-411)–

“Himavantassāvidūre sobhito nāma pabbato;
assamo sukato mayhaṃ, sakasissehi māpito.
“Maṇḍapā ca bahū tattha, pupphitā sindhuvārakā;
kapitthā ca bahū tattha, pupphitā jīvajīvakā.
“Nigguṇḍiyo bahū tattha, badarāmalakāni ca;
phārusakā alābū ca, puṇḍarīkā ca pupphitā.
“Āḷakā beluvā tattha, kadalī mātuluṅgakā;
mahānāmā bahū tattha, ajjunā ca piyaṅgukā.
“Kosambā saḷalā nimbā, nigrodhā ca kapitthanā;
ediso assamo mayhaṃ, sasissohaṃ tahiṃ vasiṃ.
“Anomadassī bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
gavesaṃ paṭisallānaṃ, mamassamamupāgami.
“Upetamhi mahāvīre, anomadassimahāyase;
khaṇena lokanāthassa, vātābādho samuṭṭhahi.
“Vicaranto araññamhi, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
upagantvāna sambuddhaṃ, cakkhumantaṃ mahāyasaṃ.
“Iriyañcāpi disvāna, upalakkhesahaṃ tadā;
asaṃsayañhi buddhassa, byādhi no udapajjatha.
“Khippaṃ assamamāgañchiṃ, mama sissāna santike;
bhesajjaṃ kattukāmohaṃ, sisse āmantayiṃ tadā.
“Paṭissuṇitvāna me vākyaṃ, sissā sabbe sagāravā;
ekajjhaṃ sannipatiṃsu, satthugāravatā mama.
“Khippaṃ pabbatamāruyha, sabbosadhamahāsahaṃ;
pānīyayogaṃ katvāna, buddhaseṭṭhassadāsahaṃ.
“Paribhutte mahāvīre, sabbaññulokanāyake;
khippaṃ vāto vūpasami, sugatassa mahesino.
“Passaddhaṃ darathaṃ disvā, anomadassī mahāyaso;
sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
“Yo me pādāsi bhesajjaṃ, byādhiñca samayī mama;
tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
“Kappasatasahassāni, devaloke ramissati;
vādite tūriye tattha, modissati sadā ayaṃ.
“Manussalokamāgantvā sukkamūlena codito;
sahassakkhattuṃ rājā ca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
“Pañcapaññāsakappamhi, anomo nāma khattiyo;
cāturanto vijitāvī, jambumaṇḍassa issaro.
“Sattaratanasampanno, cakkavattī mahabbalo;
tāvatiṃsepi khobhetvā, issaraṃ kārayissati.
“Devabhūto manusso vā, appābādho bhavissati;
pariggahaṃ vivajjetvā, byādhiṃ loke tarissati.
“Aparimeyye ito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
“Kilese jhāpayitvāna, taṇhāsotaṃ tarissati;
bākulo nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Idaṃ sabbaṃ abhiññāya, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapessati.
“Anomadassī bhagavā, sayambhū lokanāyako;
vivekānuvilokento, mamassamamupāgami.
“Upāgataṃ mahāvīraṃ, sabbaññuṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
sabbosadhena tappesiṃ, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
“Tassa me sukataṃ kammaṃ, sukhette bījasampadā;
khepetuṃ neva sakkomi, tadā hi sukataṃ mama.
“Lābhā mama suladdhaṃ me, yohaṃ addakkhi nāyakaṃ;
tena kammāvasesena, pattomhi acalaṃ padaṃ.
“Sabbametaṃ abhiññāya, gotamo sakyapuṅgavo;
bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, etadagge ṭhapesi maṃ.
“Aparimeyye ito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, bhesajjassa idaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā ekadivasaṃ satthārā attano sāvake paṭipāṭiyā ṭhānantare ṭhapentena appābādhānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito so parinibbānasamaye saṅghamajjhe bhikkhūnaṃ ovādamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto–

225. “yo pubbe karaṇīyāni, pacchā so kātumicchati;

sukhā so dhaṃsate ṭhānā, pacchā ca manutappati.

226. “Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade, yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade;

akarontaṃ bhāsamānaṃ, parijānanti paṇḍitā.

227. “Susukhaṃ vata nibbānaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;

asokaṃ virajaṃ khemaṃ, yattha dukkhaṃ nirujjhatī”ti.– Gāthāttayamabhāsi.

Tattha yo pubbe karaṇīyāni, pacchā so kātumicchatīti yo puggalo pubbe puretaraṃ jarārogādīhi anabhibhūtakāleyeva kātabbāni attano hitasukhāvahāni kammāni pamādavasena akatvā pacchā so kātabbakālaṃ atikkamitvā kātuṃ icchati. Soti ca nipātamattaṃ. Tadā pana jarārogādīhi abhibhūtattā kātuṃ na sakkoti, asakkonto ca sukhā so dhaṃsate ṭhānā, pacchā ca manutappatīti so puggalo sukhā ṭhānā saggato nibbānato ca tadupāyassa anuppāditattā parihāyanto “akataṃ me kalyāṇan”ti-ādinā (ma. ni. 3.248; netti. 120) pacchā ca anutappati vippaṭisāraṃ āpajjati. Ma-kāro padasandhikaro. Ahaṃ pana karaṇīyaṃ katvā eva tumhe evaṃ vadāmīti dassento “yañhi kayirā”ti dutiyaṃ gāthamāha.

Tattha parijānantīti “ettako ayan”ti paricchijja jānanti na bahuṃ maññantīti attho. Sammāpaṭipattivasena hi yathāvādī tathākārī eva sobhati, na tato aññathā. Karaṇīyapariyāyena sādhāraṇato vuttamatthaṃ idāni sarūpato dassetuṃ “susukhaṃ vatā”ti-ādinā tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tassattho– sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ sabbaso sokahetūnaṃ abhāvato asokaṃ vigatarāgādirajattā virajaṃ catūhi yogehi anupaddutattā khemaṃ nibbānaṃ suṭṭhu sukhaṃ vata, kasmā? Yattha yasmiṃ nibbāne sakalaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ nirujjhati accantameva vūpasamatīti.

Bākulattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.