4. Dhaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Sukhañce jīvituṃ iccheti āyasmato dhaniyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ disvā pasannamānaso naḷamālāya pūjaṃ akāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe kumbhakārakule nibbattitvā dhaniyoti laddhanāmo vayappatto kumbhakārakammena jīvati. Tena ca samayena satthā dhaniyassa kumbhakārassa sālāyaṃ nisīditvā pukkusātissa kulaputtassa chadhātuvibhaṅgasuttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.342 ādayo) desesi. So taṃ sutvā katakicco ahosi. Dhaniyo tassa parinibbutabhāvaṃ sutvā “niyyānikaṃ vata buddhasāsanaṃ, yattha ekarattiparicayenāpi vaṭṭadukkhato muñcituṃ sakkā”ti paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā kuṭimaṇḍanānuyutto viharanto kuṭikaraṇaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā garahito saṅghike senāsane vasanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.48.1-7)–

“Suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sambuddhaṃ, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggahaṃ;
vipinaggena gacchantaṃ, addasaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.
“Naḷamālaṃ gahetvāna, nikkhamanto ca tāvade;
tatthaddasāsiṃ sambuddhaṃ, oghatiṇṇamanāsavaṃ.
“Pasannacitto sumano, naḷamālamapūjayiṃ;
dakkhiṇeyyaṃ mahāvīraṃ, sabbalokānukampakaṃ.
“Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ mālamabhiropayiṃ;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā ye bhikkhū dhutaṅgasamādhānena attānaṃ ukkaṃsetvā saṅghabhattādiṃ sādiyante aññe bhikkhū avajānanti, tesaṃ ovādadānamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto–

228. “sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā;

saṅghikaṃ nātimaññeyya, cīvaraṃ pānabhojanaṃ.

229. Sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā;

ahi mūsikasobbhaṃva, sevetha sayanāsanaṃ.

230. Sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavā;

itarītarena tusseyya, ekadhammañca bhāvaye”ti.– Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha sukhañce jīvituṃ icche, sāmaññasmiṃ apekkhavāti sāmaññasmiṃ samaṇabhāve apekkhavā sikkhāya tibbagāravo hutvā sukhaṃ jīvituṃ iccheyya ce, anesanaṃ pahāya sāmaññasukhena sace jīvitukāmoti attho Saṅghikaṃ nātimaññeyya, cīvaraṃ pānabhojananti saṅghato ābhataṃ cīvaraṃ āhāraṃ na avamaññeyya, saṅghassa uppajjanakalābho nāma parisuddhuppādo hotīti taṃ paribhuñjantassa ājīvapārisuddhisambhavena sāmaññasukhaṃ hatthagatamevāti adhippāyo. Ahi mūsikasobbhaṃvāti ahi viya mūsikāya khatabilaṃ sevetha seveyya senāsanaṃ. Yathā nāma sappo sayamattano āsayaṃ akatvā mūsikāya aññena vā kate āsaye vasitvā yena kāmaṃ pakkamati, evamevaṃ bhikkhu sayaṃ senāsanakaraṇā saṃkilesaṃ anāpajjitvā yattha katthaci vasitvā pakkameyyāti attho.

Idāni vutte avutte ca paccaye yathālābhasantoseneva sāmaññasukhaṃ hoti, na aññathāti dassento āha “itarītarena tusseyyā”ti, yena kenaci hīnena vā paṇītena vā yathāladdhena paccayena santosaṃ āpajjeyyāti attho. Ekadhammanti appamādabhāvaṃ, tañhi anuyuñjantassa anavajjaṃ sabbaṃ lokiyasukhaṃ lokuttarasukhañca hatthagatameva hoti. Tenāha bhagavā– “appamatto hi jhāyanto, pappoti vipulaṃ sukhan”ti (ma. ni. 2.352; dha. pa. 27).

Dhaniyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.