5. Kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pañca chinde pañca jaheti āyasmato kuṇḍadhānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? So kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe uppanno vayappatto heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ suṇanto satthārā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapiyamānaṃ disvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā tadanurūpaṃ puññaṃ karonto vicari. So ekadivasaṃ padumuttarassa bhagavato nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya nisinnassa manosilācuṇṇapiñjaraṃ mahantaṃ kadaliphalakaṇṇikaṃ upanesi, taṃ bhagavā paṭiggahetvā paribhuñji. So tena puññakammena ekādasakkhattuṃ devesu devarajjaṃ kāresi. Catuvīsativāre rājā ahosi cakkavattī. Evaṃ so punappunaṃ puññāni katvā aparāparaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapabuddhakāle bhummadevatā hutvā nibbatti. Dīghāyukabuddhānañca nāma na anvaddhamāsiko uposatho hoti. Tathā hi vipassissa bhagavato chabbassantare chabbassantare uposatho ahosi. Kassapadasabalo pana chaṭṭhe chaṭṭhe māse pātimokkhaṃ osāresi. Tassa pātimokkhassa osāraṇakāle disāvāsikā dve sahāyakā bhikkhū “uposathaṃ karissāmā”ti gacchanti.

Ayaṃ bhummadevatā cintesi– “imesaṃ dvinnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ metti ativiya daḷhā, kiṃ nu kho, bhedake sati bhijjeyya, na bhijjeyyā”ti, sā tesaṃ okāsaṃ olokayamānā tesaṃ avidūreneva gacchati. Atheko thero ekassa hatthe pattacīvaraṃ datvā sarīravaḷañjanatthaṃ udakaphāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā dhotahatthapādo hutvā gumbasamīpato nikkhamati bhummadevatā tassa therassa pacchato uttamarūpā itthī hutvā kese vidhunitvā saṃvidhāya sambandhantī viya piṭṭhiyaṃ paṃsuṃ puñchamānā viya sāṭakaṃ saṃvidhāya nivāsayamānā viya ca hutvā therassa padānupadikā hutvā gumbato nikkhantā. Ekamante ṭhito sahāyakatthero taṃ kāraṇaṃ disvāva domanassajāto “naṭṭho dāni me iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dīgharattānugato sineho, sacāhaṃ evaṃvidhabhāvaṃ jāneyyaṃ, ettakaṃ addhānaṃ iminā saddhiṃ vissāsaṃ na kareyyan”ti cintetvā āgacchantassevassa, “handāvuso, tuyhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ, tādisena pāpena saddhiṃ ekamaggaṃ nāgacchāmī”ti āha. Taṃ kathaṃ sutvā tassa lajjibhikkhuno hadayaṃ tikhiṇasattiṃ gahetvā viddhaṃ viya ahosi. Tato naṃ āha– “āvuso, kiṃ nāmetaṃ vadasi, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dukkaṭamattampi āpattiṃ na jānāmi. Tvaṃ pana maṃ ajja ‘pāpo’ti vadasi, kiṃ te diṭṭhan”ti. “Kiṃ aññena diṭṭhena, kiṃ tvaṃ evaṃvidhena alaṅkatapaṭiyattena mātugāmena saddhiṃ ekaṭṭhāne hutvā nikkhanto”ti. “Natthetaṃ, āvuso, mayhaṃ, nāhaṃ evarūpaṃ mātugāmaṃ passāmī”ti. Tassa yāvatatiyaṃ kathentassāpi itaro thero kathaṃ asaddahitvā attanā diṭṭhakāraṇaṃyeva bhūtattaṃ katvā gaṇhanto tena saddhiṃ ekamaggena agantvā aññena maggena satthu santikaṃ gato. Itaropi bhikkhu aññena maggena satthu santikaṃyeva gato.

Tato bhikkhusaṅghassa uposathāgāraṃ pavisanavelāya so bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ uposathagge sañjānitvā, “imasmiṃ uposathagge evarūpo nāma pāpabhikkhu atthi, nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karissāmī”ti nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Atha bhummadevatā “bhāriyaṃ mayā kammaṃ katan”ti mahallaka-upāsakavaṇṇena tassa santikaṃ gantvā “kasmā, bhante, ayyo imasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhito”ti āha. “Upāsaka, imaṃ uposathaggaṃ eko pāpabhikkhu paviṭṭho, ‘nāhaṃ tena saddhiṃ uposathaṃ karomī’ti bahi ṭhitomhī”ti. “Bhante, mā evaṃ gaṇhatha, parisuddhasīlo esa bhikkhu. Tumhehi diṭṭhamātugāmo nāma ahaṃ, mayā tumhākaṃ vīmaṃsanatthāya ‘daḷhā nu kho imesaṃ therānaṃ metti, no daḷhā’ti bhijjanābhijjanabhāvaṃ olokentena taṃ kammaṃ katan”ti. “Ko pana, tvaṃ sappurisā”ti? “Ahaṃ ekā bhummadevatā, bhante”ti devaputto kathento dibbānubhāvena ṭhatvā therassa pādesu nipatitvā “mayhaṃ, bhante, khamatha, etaṃ dosaṃ thero na jānāti, uposathaṃ karothā”ti theraṃ yācitvā uposathaggaṃ pavesesi. So thero uposathaṃ tāva ekaṭṭhāne akāsi, mittasanthavavasena pana puna tena saddhiṃ na ekaṭṭhāne ahosīti. Imassa therassa kammaṃ na kathīyati, cuditakatthero pana aparāparaṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.

Bhummadevatā tassa kammassa nissandena ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ apāyabhayato na muccittha. Sace pana kismiñci kāle manussattaṃ āgacchati, aññena yena kenaci kato doso tasseva upari patati. So amhākaṃ bhagavato kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti. “Dhānamāṇavo”tissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā mahallakakāle satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji, tassa upasampannadivasato paṭṭhāya ekā alaṅkatapaṭiyattā itthī tasmiṃ gāmaṃ pavisante saddhiṃyeva gāmaṃ pavisati, nikkhamante nikkhamati. Vihāraṃ pavisantepi saddhiṃ pavisati, tiṭṭhantepi tiṭṭhatīti evaṃ niccānubandhā paññāyati. Thero taṃ na passati. Tassa puna purimakammanissandena sā aññesaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Gāme yāguṃ bhikkhañca dadamānā itthiyo “bhante, ayaṃ eko yāgu-uḷuṅko tumhākaṃ, eko imissā amhākaṃ sahāyikāyā”ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Therassa mahatī vihesā hoti. Vihāragatampi naṃ sāmaṇerā ceva daharā bhikkhū ca parivāretvā “dhāno koṇḍo jāto”ti parihāsaṃ karonti. Athassa teneva kāraṇena kuṇḍadhānattheroti nāmaṃ jātaṃ. So uṭṭhāya samuṭṭhāya tehi kariyamānaṃ keḷiṃ sahituṃ asakkonto ummādaṃ gahetvā “tumhe koṇḍā, tumhākaṃ upajjhāyo koṇḍo, ācariyo koṇḍo”ti vadati. Atha naṃ satthu ārocesuṃ “kuṇḍadhāno, bhante, daharasāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ evaṃ pharusavācaṃ vadatī”ti. Satthā taṃ pakkosāpetvā “saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, dhāna, sāmaṇerehi saddhiṃ pharusavācaṃ vadasī”ti vatvā tena “saccaṃ bhagavā”ti vutte “kasmā evaṃ vadesī”ti āha. “Bhante, nibaddhaṃ vihesaṃ asahanto evaṃ kathemī”ti. “Tvaṃ pubbe katakammaṃ yāvajjadivasā jīrāpetuṃ na sakkosi, puna evarūpaṃ pharusaṃ māvadī bhikkhū”ti vatvā āha–

“Māvoca pharusaṃ kañci, vuttā paṭivadeyyu taṃ;
dukkhā hi sārambhakathā, paṭidaṇḍā phuseyyu taṃ.
“Sace neresi attānaṃ, kaṃso upahato yathā;
esa pattosi nibbānaṃ, sārambho te na vijjatī”ti. (Dha. pa. 133-134).

Imañca pana tassa therassa mātugāmena saddhiṃ vicaraṇabhāvaṃ kosalaraññopi kathayiṃsu. Rājā “gacchatha, bhaṇe, vīmaṃsathā”ti pesetvā sayampi mandeneva parivārena therassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā ekamante olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe thero sūcikammaṃ karonto nisinno hoti, sāpi itthī avidūre ṭhāne ṭhitā viya paññāyati. Rājā disvā “atthidaṃ kāraṇan”ti tassā ṭhitaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Sā tasmiṃ āgacchante therassa vasanapaṇṇasālaṃ paviṭṭhā viya ahosi. Rājāpi tāya saddhiṃ tameva paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā sabbattha olokento adisvā “nāyaṃ mātugāmo, therassa eko kammavipāko”ti saññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ therassa samīpena gacchantopi theraṃ avanditvā tassa kāraṇassa abhūtabhāvaṃ ñatvā āgamma theraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisinno “kacci, bhante, piṇḍakena na kilamathā”ti pucchi. Thero “vaṭṭati, mahārājā”ti āha. “Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, ayyassa kathaṃ, evarūpena parikkilesena saddhiṃ carantānaṃ tumhākaṃ ke nāma pasīdissanti, ito paṭṭhāya vo katthaci gamanakiccaṃ natthi, ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi tumhe upaṭṭhahissāmi, tumhe yoniso manasikāre mā pamajjitthā”ti nibaddhabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesi. Thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā bhojanasappāyena ekaggacitto hutvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tato paṭṭhāya sā itthī antaradhāyi.

Tadā mahāsubhaddā ugganagare micchādiṭṭhikakule vasamānā “satthā maṃ anukampatū”ti uposathaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirāmagandhā hutvā uparipāsādatale ṭhitā “imāni pupphāni antare aṭṭhatvā dasabalassa matthake vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhantu, dasabalo imāya saññāya sve pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatū”ti saccakiriyaṃ katvā aṭṭha sumanapupphamuṭṭhiyo vissajjesi. Pupphāni gantvā dhammadesanāvelāya satthu matthake vitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā taṃ sumanapupphavitānaṃ disvā citteneva subhaddāya bhikkhaṃ adhivāsetvā punadivase aruṇe uṭṭhite ānandattheraṃ āha– “ānanda, mayaṃ ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissāma, puthujjanānaṃ adatvā ariyānaṃyeva salākaṃ dehī”ti. Thero bhikkhūnaṃ ārocesi– “āvuso, satthā ajja dūraṃ bhikkhācāraṃ gamissati, puthujjanā mā gaṇhantu, ariyāva salākaṃ gaṇhantū”ti. Kuṇḍadhānatthero “āhara, āvuso salākan”ti paṭhamaṃyeva hatthaṃ pasāresi. Ānando “satthā tādisānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ salākaṃ na dāpeti, ariyānaṃyeva dāpetī”ti vitakkaṃ uppādetvā gantvā satthu ārocesi. Satthā “āharāpentassa salākaṃ dehī”ti āha. Thero cintesi– “sace kuṇḍadhānassa salākā dātuṃ na yuttā, atha satthā paṭibāheyya, bhavissati ettha kāraṇan”ti “kuṇḍadhānassa salākaṃ dassāmī”ti gamanaṃ abhinīhari. Kuṇḍadhāno tassa pure āgamanā eva abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā iddhiyā ākāse ṭhatvā “āharāvuso, ānanda, satthā maṃ jānāti, mādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantaṃ na satthā nivāretī”ti hatthaṃ pasāretvā salākaṃ gaṇhi. Satthā taṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā theraṃ imasmiṃ sāsane paṭhamaṃ salākaṃ gaṇhantānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Yasmā ayaṃ thero rājānaṃ upatthambhakaṃ labhitvā sappāyāhāralābhena samāhitacitto vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto upanissayasampannatāya chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.1-16)–

“Sattāhaṃ paṭisallīnaṃ, sayambhuṃ aggapuggalaṃ;
pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.
“Vuṭṭhitaṃ kālamaññāya, padumuttaraṃ mahāmuniṃ;
mahantiṃ kadalīkaṇṇiṃ, gahetvā upagacchahaṃ.
“Paṭiggahetvā bhagavā, sabbaññū lokanāyako;
mama cittaṃ pasādento, paribhuñji mahāmuni.
“Paribhuñjitvā sambuddho, satthavāho anuttaro;
sakāsane nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
“Ye ca santi samitāro, yakkhā imamhi pabbate;
araññe bhūtabhabyāni, suṇantu vacanaṃ mama.
“Yo so buddhaṃ upaṭṭhāsi, migarājaṃva kesariṃ;
tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇātha mama bhāsato.
“Ekādasañcakkhattuṃ so, devarājā bhavissati;
catuvīsatikkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati.
“Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Akkositvāna samaṇe, sīlavante anāsave;
pāpakammavipākena, nāmadheyyaṃ labhissati.
“Tassa dhamme sudāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
kuṇḍadhānoti nāmena, sāvako so bhavissati.
“Pavivekamanuyutto, jhāyī jhānarato ahaṃ;
tosayitvāna satthāraṃ, viharāmi anāsavo.
“Sāvakehi parivuto, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhato;
bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, salākaṃ gāhayī jino.
“Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, vanditvā lokanāyakaṃ;
vadataṃ varassa purato, paṭhamaṃ aggahesahaṃ.
“Tena kammena bhagavā, dasasahassikampako;
bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi maṃ.
“Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhaṃ, yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ;
dhāremi antimaṃ dehaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāsane.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

evaṃbhūtassapi imassa therassa guṇe ajānantā ye puthujjanā bhikkhū tadā paṭhamaṃ salākaggahaṇe “kiṃ nu kho etan”ti samacintesuṃ; tesaṃ vimatividhamanatthaṃ thero ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā aññāpadesena aññaṃ byākaronto “pañca chinde”ti gāthaṃ abhāsi;

15. tattha pañca chindeti apāyūpapattinibbattanakāni pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni pāde bandhanarajjukaṃ viya puriso satthena heṭṭhimamaggattayena chindeyya pajaheyya; pañca jaheti uparidevalokūpapattihetubhūtāni pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni puriso gīvāya bandhanarajjukaṃ viya arahattamaggena jaheyya, chindeyya vāti attho; pañca cuttari bhāvayeti tesaṃyeva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya saddhādīni pañcindriyāni uttari anāgāmimaggādhigamato upari bhāveyya aggamaggādhigamavasena vaḍḍheyya; pañcasaṅgātigoti evaṃbhūto pana pañcannaṃ rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ atikkamanena pahānena pañcasaṅgātigo hutvā; bhikkhu oghatiṇṇoti vuccatīti sabbathā bhinnakilesatāya bhikkhūti, kāmabhavadiṭṭhi-avijjoghe taritvā tesaṃ pārabhūte nibbāne ṭhitoti ca vuccatīti attho;

kuṇḍadhānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;