13. Abhibhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Suṇātha ñātayo sabbeti āyasmato abhibhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto vessabhussa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto tādisena kalyāṇamittasannissayena sāsane abhippasanno ahosi. So satthari parinibbute tassa dhātuṃ gahetuṃ mahājane ussāhaṃ karonte sayaṃ sabbapaṭhamaṃ gandhodakena citakaṃ nibbāpesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde veṭhapuranagare rājakule nibbattitvā abhibhūtoti laddhanāmo pitu accayena rajjaṃ kāreti. Tasmiñca samaye bhagavā janapadacārikaṃ caranto anupubbena taṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇi. Tato so rājā “bhagavā kira mama nagaraṃ anuppatto”ti sutvā satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammaṃ sutvā dutiyadivase mahādānaṃ pavattesi. Bhagavā bhuttāvī tassa rañño ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ anumodanaṃ karontoyeva vitthārato dhammaṃ desesi. So dhammaṃ sutvā laddhappasādo rajjaṃ pahāya pabbajitvā arahattaṃ sacchākāsi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.47.11-15)–

“Dayhamāne sarīramhi, vessabhussa mahesino;
gandhodakaṃ gahetvāna, citaṃ nibbāpayiṃ ahaṃ.
“Ekatiṃse ito kappe, citaṃ nibbāpayiṃ ahaṃ;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, gandhodakassidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

arahattaṃ pana patvā vimuttisukhena viharante tasmiṃ tassa ñātakā amaccā pārisajjā nāgarā jānapadāti sabbe samāgantvā, “bhante, kasmā tvaṃ amhe anāthe katvā pabbajito”ti parideviṃsu; thero te ñātipamukhe manusse paridevante disvā tesaṃ attano pabbajjakāraṇavibhāvanamukhena dhammaṃ kathento–

255. “suṇātha ñātayo sabbe, yāvantettha samāgatā;

dhammaṃ vo desayissāmi, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.

256. “Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;

dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.

257. “Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, appamatto vihassati;

pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ, dukkhassantaṃ karissatī”ti.– Tisso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha suṇāthāti nisāmetha, idāni mayā vuccamānaṃ ohitasotā sotadvārānusārena upadhārethāti attho. Ñātayoti ñātī pamukhe katvā tesaṃ sabbesaṃ ālapanaṃ, tenāha “sabbe yāvantettha samāgatā”ti, yāvanto yattakā ettha samāgame, etissaṃ vā mama pabbajjāya samāgatāti attho.

Idāni yaṃ sandhāya “suṇāthā”ti savanāṇattikavacanaṃ kataṃ, taṃ “dhammaṃ vo desayissāmī”ti paṭijānitvā “dukkhā jāti punappunan”ti-ādinā desetuṃ ārabhi. Tattha dukkhā jāti punappunanti jāti nāmesā gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedassa jarādibhedassa ca anekavihitassa dukkhassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato dukkhā. Sā punappunaṃ pavattamānā ativiya dukkhā.

Tassā pana jātiyā samatikkamanatthaṃ ussāho karaṇīyoti dassento āha “ārambhathā”ti-ādi. Tattha ārambhathāti ārambhadhātusaṅkhātaṃ vīriyaṃ karotha. Nikkamathāti kosajjapakkhato nikkhantattā nikkamadhātusaṅkhātaṃ taduttariṃ vīriyaṃ karotha. Yuñjatha buddhasāsaneti yasmā sīlasaṃvaro indriyesu guttadvāratā bhojane mattaññutā satisampajaññanti imesu dhammesu patiṭṭhitānaṃ jāgariyānuyogavasena ārambhanikkamadhātuyo sampajjanti, tasmā tathābhūtā samathavipassanāsaṅkhāte adhisīlasikkhādisaṅkhāte vā bhagavato sāsane yuttappayuttā hotha. Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaroti evaṃ paṭipajjantā ca tedhātu-issarassa maccurājassa vasaṃ satte netīti tassa senāsaṅkhātaṃ abalaṃ dubbalaṃ yathā nāma thāmabalūpapanno kuñjaro naḷehi kataṃ agāraṃ khaṇeneva viddhaṃseti, evameva kilesagaṇaṃ dhunātha vidhamatha viddhaṃsethāti attho.

Evaṃ pana buddhasāsane ussāhaṃ karontassa ekaṃsiko jātidukkhassa samatikkamoti dassento “yo imasmin”ti-ādinā tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Taṃ suviññeyyameva.

Abhibhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.