14. Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Saṃsaranti āyasmato gotamattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayaṃ kira purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni karonto sikhimhi bhagavati parinibbute tassa citakaṃ devamanussesu pūjentesu aṭṭhahi campakapupphehi citakaṃ pūjesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sakyarājakule nibbattitvā gotamoti gottavaseneva abhilakkhitanāmo vayappatto satthu ñātisamāgame paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.47.6-10)–
“Jhāyamānassa bhagavato, sikhino lokabandhuno;
aṭṭha campakapupphāni, citakaṃ abhiropayiṃ.
“Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ pupphamabhiropayiṃ;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, citapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;
chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā vimuttisukhena viharanto ekadivasaṃ ñātakehi “kasmā, bhante, amhe pahāya pabbajito”ti puṭṭho saṃsāre attanā anubhūtadukkhañceva idāni adhigataṃ nibbānasukhañca pakāsento–
258. “saṃsarañhi nirayaṃ agacchissaṃ, petalokamagamaṃ punappunaṃ;
dukkhamamhipi tiracchānayoniyaṃ, nekadhā hi vusitaṃ ciraṃ mayā.
259. “Mānusopi ca bhavobhirādhito, saggakāyamagamaṃ sakiṃ sakiṃ;
rūpadhātusu arūpadhātusu, nevasaññisu asaññisuṭṭhitaṃ.
260. “Sambhavā suviditā asārakā, saṅkhatā pacalitā saderitā;
taṃ viditvā mahamahattasambhavaṃ, santimeva satimā samajjhagan”ti.–

Tīhi gāthāhi tesaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.

Tattha saṃsaranti anādimati saṃsāre saṃsaranto kammakilesehi pañcasu gatīsu cavanupapātavasena aparāparaṃ saṃsarantoti attho. Hīti nipātamattaṃ. Nirayaṃ agacchissanti sañjīvādikaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ mahānirayaṃ, kukkuḷādikaṃ soḷasavidhaṃ ussadanirayañca paṭisandhivasena upagacchiṃ “Punappunan”ti idaṃ idhāpi ānetabbaṃ Petalokanti pettivisayaṃ, khuppipāsādibhedaṃ petattabhāvanti attho. Agamanti paṭisandhivasena upagacchiṃ upapajjiṃ. Punappunanti aparāparaṃ. Dukkhamamhipīti aññamaññaṃ tikhiṇakasāpatodābhighātādidukkhehi dussahāyapi. Liṅgavipallāsena hetaṃ vuttaṃ “dukkhamamhipī”ti. Tiracchānayoniyanti migapakkhi-ādibhedāya tiracchānayoniyaṃ. Nekadhā hīti oṭṭhagoṇagadrabhādivasena ceva kākabalākakulalādivasena ca anekappakāraṃ anekavārañca ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ mayā vusitaṃ niccaṃ utrastamānasatādivasena dukkhaṃ anubhūtaṃ. Tiracchānayoniyaṃ nibbattasatto mahāmūḷhatāya cirataraṃ tattheva aparāparaṃ parivattatīti dassanatthaṃ idha “ciran”ti vuttaṃ.
Mānusopi ca bhavobhirādhitoti manussattabhāvopi mayā tādisena kusalakammunā samavāyena abhirādhito sādhito adhigato. Kāṇakacchapopamasuttamettha (ma. ni. 3.252; saṃ. ni. 5.1117) udāharitabbaṃ. Saggakāyamagamaṃ sakiṃ sakinti saggagatisaṅkhātaṃ kāmāvacaradevakāyaṃ sakiṃ sakiṃ kadāci kadāci upapajjanavasena agacchiṃ. Rūpadhātusūti puthujjanabhavaggapariyosānesu rūpabhavesu arūpadhātusūti arūpabhavesu. Nevasaññisu asaññisuṭṭhitanti rūpārūpadhātūsu ca na kevalaṃ saññīsu eva, atha kho nevasaññīnāsaññīsu asaññīsu ca upapajja ṭhitaṃ mayāti ānetvā yojetabbaṃ. Nevasaññiggahaṇena hettha nevasaññīnāsaññībhavo gahito. Yadipime dve bhavā rūpārūpadhātuggahaṇeneva gayhanti, ye pana ito bāhirakā tattha niccasaññino bhavavimokkhasaññino ca, tesaṃ tassā saññāya micchābhāvadassanatthaṃ visuṃ gahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Evaṃ dvīhi gāthāhi bhavamūlassa anupacchinnattā anādimati saṃsāre attano vaṭṭadukkhānubhavaṃ dassetvā idāni tadupacchedena vivaṭṭasukhānubhavaṃ dassento “sambhavā”ti-ādinā tatiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha sambhavāti bhavā. Kāmabhavādayo eva hi hetupaccayasamavāyena bhavantīti idha sambhavāti vuttā. Suviditāti vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya suṭṭhu viditā. Asārakāti-ādi tesaṃ viditākāradassanaṃ. Tattha asārakāti niccasārādisārarahitā. Saṅkhatāti samecca sambhuyya paccayehi katā. Pacalitāti saṅkhatattā eva uppādajarādīhi pakārato calitā anavaṭṭhitā. Saderitāti sadā sabbakālaṃ bhaṅgena eritā, ittarā bhaṅgagāmino pabhaṅgunoti attho. Taṃ viditvā mahamattasambhavanti taṃ yathāvuttaṃ saṅkhatasabhāvaṃ attasambhavaṃ attani sambhūtaṃ attāyattaṃ issarādivasena aparāyattaṃ pariññābhisamayavasena ahaṃ viditvā tappaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ santimeva nibbānameva maggapaññāsatiyā satimā hutvā samajjhagaṃ adhigacchiṃ ariyamaggabhāvanāya anuppattoti. Evaṃ thero ñātakānaṃ dhammadesanāmukhena aññaṃ byākāsi.

Gotamattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.