8. Vakkalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā
Vātarogābhinītoti-ādikā āyasmato vakkalittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthu santikaṃ gacchantehi upāsakehi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ suṇanto satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ saddhādhimuttānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā sayampi taṃ ṭhānaṃ patthento sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ datvā paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthā tassa anantarāyataṃ disvā byākari. Sopi yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto amhākaṃ satthu kāle sāvatthiyaṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbatti, vakkalītissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vuddhippatto tayo vede uggaṇhitvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato satthāraṃ disvā rūpakāyassa sampattidassanena atitto satthārā saddhiṃyeva vicarati. “Agāramajjhe vasanto niccakālaṃ satthāraṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmī”ti satthu santike pabbajitvā ṭhapetvā bhojanavelaṃ sarīrakiccakālañca sesakāle yattha ṭhitena sakkā dasabalaṃ passituṃ, tattha ṭhito aññaṃ kiccaṃ pahāya bhagavantaṃ olokentova viharati. Satthā tassa ñāṇaparipākaṃ āgamento bahukālaṃ tasmiṃ rūpadassaneneva vicarante kiñci avatvā punekadivasaṃ “kiṃ te, vakkali, iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena? Yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati. Yo maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passati. Dhammañhi, vakkali, passanto maṃ passati, maṃ passanto dhammaṃ passatī”ti (saṃ. ni. 3.87) āha. Satthari evaṃ vadantepi thero satthu dassanaṃ pahāya aññattha gantuṃ na sakkoti. Tato satthā “nāyaṃ bhikkhu saṃvegaṃ alabhitvā bujjhissatī”ti vassūpanāyikadivase “apehi, vakkalī”ti theraṃ paṇāmesi. So satthārā paṇāmito sammukhe ṭhātuṃ asakkonto “kiṃ mayhaṃ jīvitena, yohaṃ satthāraṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhāmī”ti gijjhakūṭapabbate papātaṭṭhānaṃ abhiruhi. Satthā tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā “ayaṃ bhikkhu mama santikā assāsaṃ alabhanto maggaphalānaṃ upanissayaṃ nāseyyā”ti attānaṃ dassetuṃ obhāsaṃ vissajjento–
“Pāmojjabahulo bhikkhu, pasanno buddhasāsane;
adhigacche padaṃ santaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamaṃ sukhan”ti. (Dha. pa. 381)–
Gāthaṃ vatvā “ehi, vakkalī”ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Thero “dasabalo me diṭṭho, ‘ehī’ti avhānampi laddhan”ti balavapītisomanassaṃ uppādetvā “kuto āgacchāmī”ti attano gamanabhāvaṃ ajānitvā satthu sammukhe ākāse pakkhandanto paṭhamapādena pabbate ṭhitoyeva satthārā vuttagāthaṃ āvajjento ākāseyeva pītiṃ vikkhambhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇīti aṅguttaraṭṭhakathāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.208) dhammapadavaṇṇanāyañca (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.381) āgataṃ.
Idha pana evaṃ vadanti– “kiṃ te, vakkalī”ti-ādinā satthārā ovadito gijjhakūṭe viharanto vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapesi, tassa saddhāya balavabhāvato eva vipassanā vīthiṃ na otarati, bhagavā taṃ ñatvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā adāsi. Puna vipassanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ nāsakkhiyeva, athassa āhāravekallena vātābādho uppajji, taṃ vātābādhena pīḷiyamānaṃ ñatvā bhagavā tattha gantvā pucchanto– 350. “Vātarogābhinīto tvaṃ, viharaṃ kānane vane;
paviddhagocare lūkhe, kathaṃ bhikkhu karissasī”ti.–
Āha. Taṃ sutvā thero–
351. “Pītisukhena vipulena, pharamāno samussayaṃ;
lūkhampi abhisambhonto, viharissāmi kānane.
352. “Bhāvento satipaṭṭhāne, indriyāni balāni ca;
bojjhaṅgāni ca bhāvento, viharissāmi kānane.
353. “Āraddhavīriye pahitatte, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkame;
samagge sahite disvā, viharissāmi kānane.
354. “Anussaranto sambuddhaṃ, aggaṃ dantaṃ samāhitaṃ;
atandito rattindivaṃ, viharissāmi kānane”ti.–
Catasso gāthā abhāsi.
Tattha vātarogābhinītoti vātābādhena aseribhāvaṃ upanīto, vātabyādhinā abhibhūto. Tvanti theraṃ ālapati. Viharanti tena iriyāpathavihārena viharanto. Kānane vaneti kānanabhūte vane, mahā-araññeti attho. Paviddhagocareti vissaṭṭhagocare dullabhapaccaye. Vātarogassa sappāyānaṃ sappi-ādibhesajjānaṃ abhāvena pharusabhūmibhāgatāya ca lūkhe lūkhaṭṭhāne. Kathaṃ bhikkhu karissasīti bhikkhu tvaṃ kathaṃ viharissasīti bhagavā pucchi. Taṃ sutvā thero nirāmisapītisomanassādinā attano sukhavihāraṃ pakāsento “pītisukhenā”ti-ādimāha. Tattha pītisukhenāti ubbegalakkhaṇāya pharaṇalakkhaṇāya ca pītiyā taṃsampayuttasukhena ca. Tenāha “vipulenā”ti uḷārenāti attho. Pharamāno samussayanti yathāvuttapītisukhasamuṭṭhitehi paṇītehi rūpehi sakalaṃ kāyaṃ pharāpento nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ karonto. Lūkhampi abhisambhontoti araññāvāsajanitaṃ sallekhavuttihetukaṃ dussahampi paccayalūkhaṃ abhibhavanto adhivāsento. Viharissāmi kānaneti jhānasukhena vipassanāsukhena ca araññāyatane viharissāmīti attho. Tenāha– “sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesin”ti (pārā. 11).
“Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānatan”ti ca. (Dha. pa. 374).
Bhāvento satipaṭṭhāneti maggapariyāpanne kāyānupassanādike cattāro satipaṭṭhāne uppādento vaḍḍhento ca. Indriyānīti maggapariyāpannāni eva saddhādīni pañcindriyāni. Balānīti tathā saddhādīni pañca balāni. Bojjhaṅgānīti tathā satisambojjhaṅgādīni satta bojjhaṅgāni. Ca-saddena sammappadhāna-iddhipādamaggaṅgāni saṅgaṇhāti. Tadavinābhāvato hi taggahaṇeneva tesaṃ gahaṇaṃ hoti. Viharissāmīti yathāvutte bodhipakkhiyadhamme bhāvento maggasukhena tadadhigamasiddhena phalasukhena nibbānasukhena ca viharissāmi. Āraddhavīriyeti catubbidhasammappadhānavasena paggahitavīriye. Pahitatteti nibbānaṃ patipesitacitte. Niccaṃ daḷhaparakkameti sabbakālaṃ asithilavīriye. Avivādavasena kāyasāmaggidānavasena ca samagge. Diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena sahite sabrahmacārī disvā. Etena kalyāṇamittasampattiṃ dasseti. Anussaranto sambuddhanti sammā sāmaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ buddhattā sammāsambuddhaṃ sabbasattuttamatāya, aggaṃ uttamena damathena dantaṃ, anuttarasamādhinā samāhitaṃ atandito analaso hutvā, rattindivaṃ sabbakālaṃ “itipi so bhagavā arahan”ti-ādinā anussaranto viharissāmi. Etena buddhānussatibhāvanāya yuttākāradassanena sabbattha kammaṭṭhānānuyogamāha, purimena pārihāriyakammaṭṭhānānuyogaṃ. Evaṃ pana vatvā thero vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.54.28-65)–
“Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako;
anomanāmo amito, nāmena padumuttaro.
“Padumākāravadano, padumāmalasucchavī;
lokenānupalittova, toyena padumaṃ yathā.
“Vīro padumapattakkho, kanto ca padumaṃ yathā;
padumuttaragandhova, tasmā so padumuttaro.
“Lokajeṭṭho ca nimmāno, andhānaṃ nayanūpamo;
santaveso guṇanidhi, karuṇāmatisāgaro.
“Sa kadāci mahāvīro, brahmāsurasuraccito;
sadevamanujākiṇṇe, janamajjhe jinuttamo.
“Vadanena sugandhena, madhurena rutena ca;
rañjayaṃ parisaṃ sabbaṃ, santhavī sāvakaṃ sakaṃ.
“Saddhādhimutto sumati, mama dassanalālaso;
natthi etādiso añño, yathāyaṃ bhikkhu vakkali.
“Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, nagare brāhmaṇatrajo;
hutvā sutvā ca taṃ vākyaṃ, taṃ ṭhānamabhirocayiṃ.
“Sasāvakaṃ taṃ vimalaṃ, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
sattāhaṃ bhojayitvāna, dussehacchādayiṃ tadā.
“Nipacca sirasā tassa, anantaguṇasāgare;
nimuggo pītisampuṇṇo, idaṃ vacanamabraviṃ.
“Yo so tayā santhavito, ito sattamake muni;
bhikkhu saddhāvataṃ aggo, tādiso homahaṃ mune.
“Evaṃ vutte mahāvīro, anāvaraṇadassano;
imaṃ vākyaṃ udīresi, parisāya mahāmuni.
“Passathetaṃ māṇavakaṃ, pītamaṭṭhanivāsanaṃ;
hemayaññopacitaṅgaṃ, jananettamanoharaṃ.
“Eso anāgataddhāne, gotamassa mahesino;
aggo saddhādhimuttānaṃ, sāvakoyaṃ bhavissati.
“Devabhūto manusso vā, sabbasantāpavajjito;
sabbabhogaparibyūḷho, sukhito saṃsarissati.
“Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu dāyādo, oraso dhammanimmito;
vakkali nāma nāmena, hessati satthu sāvako.
“Tena kammavisesena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
“Sabbattha sukhito hutvā, saṃsaranto bhavābhave;
sāvatthiyaṃ pure jāto, kule aññatare ahaṃ.
“Nonītasukhumālaṃ maṃ, jātapallavakomalaṃ;
mandaṃ uttānasayanaṃ, pisācabhayatajjitā.
“Pādamūle mahesissa, sāyesuṃ dīnamānasā;
imaṃ dadāma te nātha, saraṇaṃ hohi nāyaka.
“Tadā paṭiggahi so maṃ, bhītānaṃ saraṇo muni;
jālinā cakkaṅkitena, mudukomalapāṇinā.
“Tadā pabhuti tenāhaṃ, arakkheyyena rakkhito;
sabbaveravinimutto, sukhena parivuddhito.
“Sugatena vinā bhūto, ukkaṇṭhāmi muhuttakaṃ;
jātiyā sattavassohaṃ, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
“Sabbapāramisambhūtaṃ nīlakkhinayanaṃ varaṃ;
rūpaṃ sabbasubhākiṇṇaṃ, atitto viharāmahaṃ.
“Buddharūparatiṃ ñatvā, tadā ovadi maṃ jino;
alaṃ vakkali kiṃ rūpe, ramase bālanandite.
“Yo hi passati saddhammaṃ, so maṃ passati paṇḍito;
apassamāno saddhammaṃ, maṃ passampi na passati.
“Anantādīnavo kāyo, visarukkhasamūpamo;
āvāso sabbarogānaṃ, puñjo dukkhassa kevalo.
“Nibbindiya tato rūpe, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
passa upakkilesānaṃ, sukhenantaṃ gamissasi.
“Evaṃ tenānusiṭṭhohaṃ, nāyakena hitesinā;
gijjhakūṭaṃ samāruyha, jhāyāmi girikandare.
“Ṭhito pabbatapādamhi, assāsayi mahāmuni;
vakkalīti jino vācaṃ, taṃ sutvā mudito ahaṃ.
“Pakkhandiṃ selapabbhāre, anekasataporise;
tadā buddhānubhāvena, sukheneva mahiṃ gato.
“Punopi dhammaṃ deseti, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
tamahaṃ dhammamaññāya, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
“Sumahāparisamajjhe, tadā maṃ caraṇantago;
aggaṃ saddhādhimuttānaṃ, paññapesi mahāmati.
“Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamakariṃ tadā;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, buddhapūjāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;
arahattaṃ pana patvā aññaṃ byākarontopi thero imā eva gāthā abhāsi; atha naṃ satthā bhikkhusaṅghamajjhe nisinno saddhādhimuttānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesīti;
vakkalittheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;