10. Dhammikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Dhammo haveti-ādikā āyasmato dhammikattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sikhissa bhagavato kāle migaluddako hutvā ekadivasaṃ araññāyatane devaparisāya satthu dhammaṃ desentassa “dhammo eso vuccatī”ti desanāya nimittaṃ gaṇhi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde kosalaraṭṭhe brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā dhammikoti laddhanāmo vayappatto jetavanapaṭiggahaṇe laddhappasādo pabbajitvā aññatarasmiṃ gāmakāvāse āvāsiko hutvā viharanto āgantukānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vattāvattesu ujjhānabahulo akkhamo ahosi. Tena bhikkhū taṃ vihāraṃ chaḍḍetvā pakkamiṃsu. So ekakova ahosi. Vihārasāmiko upāsako taṃ kāraṇaṃ sutvā bhagavato taṃ pavattiṃ ārocesi. Satthā taṃ bhikkhuṃ pakkosetvā tamatthaṃ pucchitvā tena “evaṃ, bhante”ti vutte– “nāyaṃ idāneva akkhamo, pubbepi akkhamo ahosī”ti vatvā bhikkhūhi yācito rukkhadhammaṃ (jā. 1.1.74) kathetvā upari tassa ovādaṃ dento–

303. “Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;

esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī.

304. “Na hi dhammo adhammo ca, ubho samavipākino;

adhammo nirayaṃ neti, dhammo pāpeti suggatiṃ.

305. “Tasmā hi dhammesu kareyya chandaṃ, iti modamāno sugatena tādinā;

dhamme ṭhitā sugatavarassa sāvakā, nīyanti dhīrā saraṇavaraggagāmino.

306. “Vipphoṭito gaṇḍamūlo, taṇhājālo samūhato;

so khīṇasaṃsāro na catthi kiñcanaṃ,
cando yathā dosinā puṇṇamāsiyan”ti.– Catasso gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha dhammoti lokiyalokuttaro sucaritadhammo. Rakkhatīti apāyadukkhato rakkhati, saṃsāradukkhato ca vivaṭṭūpanissayabhūto rakkhatiyeva. Dhammacārinti taṃ dhammaṃ carantaṃ paṭipajjantaṃ. Suciṇṇoti suṭṭhu ciṇṇo kammaphalāni saddahitvā sakkaccaṃ cittīkatvā upacito. Sukhanti lokiyalokuttarasukhaṃ. Tattha lokiyaṃ tāva kāmāvacarādibhedo dhammo yathāsakaṃ sukhaṃ diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye āvahati nipphādeti, itaraṃ pana vivaṭṭūpanissaye ṭhatvā ciṇṇo paramparāya āvahatīti vattuṃ vaṭṭati anupanissayassa tadabhāvato. Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārīti dhammacārī puggalo dhamme suciṇṇe taṃnimittaṃ duggatiṃ na gacchatīti eso dhamme suciṇṇe ānisaṃso udrayoti attho.

Yasmā dhammeneva sugatigamanaṃ, adhammeneva ca duggatigamanaṃ, tasmā “dhammo adhammo”ti ime aññamaññaṃ asaṃkiṇṇaphalāti dassetuṃ “na hi dhammo”ti-ādinā dutiyaṃ gāthamāha. Tattha adhammoti dhammapaṭipakkho duccaritaṃ. Samavipākinoti sadisavipākā samānaphalā.

Tasmāti yasmā dhammādhammānaṃ ayaṃ yathāvutto vipākabhedo, tasmā. Chandanti kattukamyatāchandaṃ. Iti modamāno sugatena tādināti iti evaṃ vuttappakārena ovādadānena sugatena sammaggatena sammāpaṭipannena iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvappattiyā tādināmavatā hetubhūtena modamāno tuṭṭhiṃ āpajjamāno dhammesu chandaṃ kareyyāti yojanā. Ettāvatā vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni vivaṭṭaṃ dassento “dhamme ṭhitā”ti-ādimāha. Tassattho– yasmā sugatassa varassa sugatesu ca varassa sammāsambuddhassa sāvakā tassa dhamme ṭhitā dhīrā ativiya aggabhūtasaraṇagāmino teneva saraṇagamanasaṅkhāte dhamme ṭhitabhāvena sakalavaṭṭadukkhatopi nīyanti nissaranti, tasmā hi dhammesu kareyya chandanti.

Evaṃ satthārā tīhi gāthāhi dhamme desite desanānusārena yathānisinnova vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.52.44-50)–

“Migaluddo pure āsiṃ, araññe vipine ahaṃ;
addasaṃ virajaṃ buddhaṃ, devasaṅghapurakkhataṃ.
“Catusaccaṃ pakāsentaṃ, desentaṃ amataṃ padaṃ;
assosiṃ madhuraṃ dhammaṃ, sikhino lokabandhuno.
“Ghose cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, asamappaṭipuggale;
tattha cittaṃ pasādetvā, uttariṃ duttaraṃ bhavaṃ.
“Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ saññamalabhiṃ tadā;
duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ghosasaññāyidaṃ phalaṃ.
“Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsanan”ti;

tathā arahatte patiṭṭhito; arahattaṃ pana patvā attanā adhigataṃ visesaṃ satthu nivedento carimagāthāya aññaṃ byākāsi;

tattha vipphoṭitoti vidhuto, maggañāṇena paṭinissaṭṭhoti attho; gaṇḍamūloti avijjā; sā hi gaṇḍati savati; “gaṇḍoti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanan”ti (saṃ. ni. 4.103; a. ni. 6.23; 8.56; 9.15; cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 137) evaṃ satthārā vuttassa dukkhamūlayogato, kilesāsucipaggharaṇato, uppādajarābhaṅgehi uddhumātapakkapabhijjanato ca, gaṇḍābhidhānassa upādānakkhandhapañcakassa mūlaṃ kāraṇaṃ taṇhājālo samūhatoti taṇhāsaṅkhāto jālo maggena samugghāṭito; so khīṇasaṃsāro na catthi kiñcananti so ahaṃ evaṃ pahīnataṇhāvijjatāya parikkhīṇasaṃsāro pahīnabhavamūlattā eva na catthi, na ca upalabbhati rāgādikiñcanaṃ; cando yathā dosinā puṇṇamāsiyanti yathā nāma cando abbhamahikādidosarahito puṇṇamāsiyaṃ paripuṇṇakāle evaṃ ahampi arahattādhigamena apetarāgādikiñcano paripuṇṇadhammakoṭṭhāso ahosinti;

dhammikattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā;