6. Mahāpajāpatigotamītherīgāthāvaṇṇanā

Buddha vīra namo tyatthūti-ādikā mahāpajāpatigotamiyā gāthā. Ayampi kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ rattaññūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā, adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthetvā yāvajīvaṃ dānādīni puññāni katvā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā, kassapassa ca bhagavato antare amhākañca bhagavato buddhasuññe loke bārāṇasiyaṃ pañcannaṃ dāsisatānaṃ jeṭṭhikā hutvā nibbatti. Atha sā vassūpanāyikasamaye pañca paccekabuddhe nandamūlakapabbhārato isipatane otaritvā, nagare piṇḍāya caritvā isipatanameva gantvā, vassūpanāyikasamaye kuṭiyā atthāya hatthakammaṃ pariyesante disvā, tā dāsiyo tāsaṃ attano ca sāmike samādapetvā caṅkamādiparivārasampannā pañca kuṭiyo kāretvā, mañcapīṭhapānīyaparibhojanīyabhājanādīni upaṭṭhapetvā paccekabuddhe temāsaṃ tattheva vasanatthāya paṭiññaṃ kāretvā vārabhikkhaṃ paṭṭhapesuṃ. Yā attano vāradivase bhikkhaṃ dātuṃ na sakkoti, tassā sayaṃ sakagehato nīharitvā deti. Evaṃ temāsaṃ paṭijaggitvā pavāraṇāya sampattāya ekekaṃ dāsiṃ ekekaṃ sāṭakaṃ vissajjāpesi. Pañcathūlasāṭakasatāni ahesuṃ. Tāni parivattāpetvā pañcannaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ ticīvarāni katvā adāsi. Paccekabuddhā tāsaṃ passantīnaṃyeva ākāsena gandhamādanapabbataṃ agamaṃsu.

Tāpi sabbā yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Tāsaṃ jeṭṭhikā tato cavitvā bārāṇasiyā avidūre pesakāragāme pesakārajeṭṭhakassa gehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā, padumavatiyā putte pañcasate paccekabuddhe disvā sampiyāyamānā sabbe vanditvā bhikkhaṃ adāsi. Te bhattakiccaṃ katvā gandhamādanameva agamaṃsu. Sāpi yāvajīvaṃ kusalaṃ katvā devamanussesu saṃsarantī amhākaṃ satthu nibbattito puretarameva devadahanagare mahāsuppabuddhassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi, gotamītissā gottāgatameva nāmaṃ ahosi; mahāmāyāya kaniṭṭhabhaginī. Lakkhaṇapāṭhakāpi “imāsaṃ dvinnampi kucchiyaṃ vasitā dārakā cakkavattino bhavissantī”ti byākariṃsu. Suddhodanamahārājā vayappattakāle dvepi maṅgalaṃ katvā attano gharaṃ abhinesi.

Aparabhāge amhākaṃ satthari uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakke anupubbena tattha tattha veneyyānaṃ anuggahaṃ karonte vesāliṃ upanissāya kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ viharante suddhodanamahārājā setacchattassa heṭṭhā arahattaṃ sacchikatvā parinibbāyi. Atha mahāpajāpatigotamī pabbajitukāmā hutvā satthāraṃ ekavāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yācamānā alabhitvā dutiyavāraṃ kese chindāpetvā kāsāyāni acchādetvā kalahavivādasuttantadesanāpariyosāne (su. ni. 868 ādayo) nikkhamitvā pabbajitānaṃ pañcannaṃ sakyakumārasatānaṃ pādaparicārikāhi saddhiṃ vesāliṃ gantvā ānandattheraṃ satthāraṃ yācāpetvā aṭṭhahi garudhammehi (a. ni. 8.51; cūḷava. 403) pabbajjañca upasampadañca paṭilabhi. Itarā pana sabbāpi ekato-upasampannā ahesuṃ. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthārato panetaṃ vatthu pāḷiyaṃ āgatameva.

Evaṃ upasampannā pana mahāpajāpatigotamī satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Athassā satthā dhammaṃ desesi. Sā satthu santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā bhāvanamanuyuñjantī na cirasseva abhiññāpaṭisambhidāparivāraṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Sesā pana pañcasatā bhikkhuniyo nandakovādapariyosāne (ma. ni. 3.398 ādayo) chaḷabhiññā ahesuṃ. Athekadivasaṃ satthā jetavanamahāvihāre ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno bhikkhuniyo ṭhānantare ṭhapento mahāpajāpatigotamiṃ rattaññūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sā phalasukhena nibbānasukhena ca vītināmentī kataññutāya ṭhatvā ekadivasaṃ satthu guṇābhitthavanapubbaka-upakārakavibhāvanāmukhena aññaṃ byākarontī–

157. “Buddhavīra namo tyatthu, sabbasattānamuttama;

yo maṃ dukkhā pamocesi, aññañca bahukaṃ janaṃ.

158. “Sabbadukkhaṃ pariññātaṃ, hetutaṇhā visositā;

bhāvito aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, nirodho phusito mayā.

159. “Mātā putto pitā bhātā, ayyakā ca pure ahuṃ;

yathābhuccamajānantī, saṃsariṃhaṃ anibbisaṃ.

160. “Diṭṭho hi me so bhagavā, antimoyaṃ samussayo;

vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo.

161. “Āraddhavīriye pahitatte, niccaṃ daḷhaparakkame;

samagge sāvake passe, esā buddhāna vandanā.

162. “Bahūnaṃ vata atthāya, māyā janayi gotamaṃ;

byādhimaraṇatunnānaṃ, dukkhakkhandhaṃ byapānudī”ti.– Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha buddhavīrāti catusaccabuddhesu vīra, sabbabuddhā hi uttamavīriyehi catusaccabuddhehi vā catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyanipphattiyā vijitavijayattā vīrā nāma. Bhagavā pana vīriyapāramipāripūriyā caturaṅgasamannāgatavīriyādhiṭṭhānena sātisayacatubbidhasammappadhānakiccanipphattiyā tassā ca veneyyasantāne sammadeva patiṭṭhāpitattā visesato vīriyayuttatāya vīroti vattabbataṃ arahati. Namo tyatthūti namo namakkāro te hotu. Sabbasattānamuttamāti apadādibhedesu sattesu sīlādiguṇehi uttamo bhagavā. Tadekadesaṃ satthupakāraguṇaṃ dassetuṃ, “yo maṃ dukkhā pamocesi, aññañca bahukaṃ janan”ti vatvā attano dukkhā pamuttabhāvaṃ vibhāventī “sabbadukkhan”ti gāthamāha.

Puna yato pamocesi, taṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ ekadesena dassentī “mātā putto”ti gāthamāha. Tattha yathābhuccamajānantīti pavattihetu-ādiṃ yathābhūtaṃ anavabujjhantī. Saṃsariṃhaṃ anibbisanti saṃsārasamudde patiṭṭhaṃ avindantī alabhantī bhavādīsu aparāparuppattivasena saṃsariṃ ahanti kathentī āha “mātā putto”ti-ādi. Yasmiṃ bhave etassa mātā ahosi, tato aññasmiṃ bhave tasseva putto, tato aññasmiṃ bhave pitā bhātā ahūti attho.

“Diṭṭho hi me”ti gāthāyapi attano dukkhato pamuttabhāvameva vibhāveti. Tattha diṭṭho hi me so bhagavāti so bhagavā sammāsambuddho attanā diṭṭhalokuttaradhammadassanena ñāṇacakkhunā mayā paccakkhato diṭṭho. Yo hi dhammaṃ passati, so bhagavantaṃ passati nāma. Yathāha– “yo kho, vakkali, dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passatī”ti-ādi (saṃ. ni. 3.87).

Āraddhavīriyeti paggahitavīriye. Pahitatteti nibbānaṃ pesitacitte. Niccaṃ daḷhaparakkameti apattassa pattiyā pattassa vepullatthāya sabbakālaṃ thiraparakkame. Samaggeti sīladiṭṭhisāmaññena saṃhatabhāvena samagge. Satthudesanāya savanante jātattā sāvake, “ime maggaṭṭhā ime phalaṭṭhā”ti yāthāvato passati. Esā buddhāna vandanāti yā satthu dhammasarīrabhūtassa ariyasāvakānaṃ ariyabhāvabhūtassa ca lokuttaradhammassa attapaccakkhakiriyā, esā sammāsambuddhānaṃ sāvakabuddhānañca vandanā yāthāvato guṇaninnatā.

“Bahūnaṃ vata atthāyā”ti osānagāthāyapi satthu lokassa bahūpakārataṃyeva vibhāveti. Yaṃ panettha atthato na vibhattaṃ, taṃ suviññeyyameva.

Athekadā mahāpajāpatigotamī satthari vesāliyaṃ viharante mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ sayaṃ vesāliyaṃ bhikkhunupassaye viharantī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ vesāliyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā attano divāṭṭhāne yathāparicchinnakālaṃ phalasamāpattisukhena vītināmetvā phalasamāpattito vuṭṭhāya attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā somanassajātā attano āyusaṅkhāre āvajjentī tesaṃ khīṇabhāvaṃ ñatvā evaṃ cintesi– “yaṃnūnāhaṃ vihāraṃ gantvā bhagavantaṃ anujānāpetvā manobhāvanīye ca there sabbeva sabrahmacariye āpucchitvā idheva āgantvā parinibbāyeyyan”ti. Yathā ca theriyā, evaṃ tassā parivārabhūtānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhunisatānaṃ parivitakko ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. therī 2.2.97-288)–

“Ekadā lokapajjoto, vesāliyaṃ mahāvane;
kūṭāgāre kusālāyaṃ, vasate narasārathi.
“Tadā jinassa mātucchā, mahāgotami bhikkhunī;
tahiṃ kate pure ramme, vasī bhikkhunupassaye.
“Bhikkhunīhi vimuttāhi, satehi saha pañcahi;
rahogatāya tassevaṃ, citassāsi vitakkitaṃ.
“Buddhassa parinibbānaṃ, sāvakaggayugassa vā;
rāhulānandanandānaṃ, nāhaṃ lacchāmi passituṃ.
“Buddhassa parinibbānā, sāvakaggayugassa vā;
mahākassapanandānaṃ, ānandarāhulāna ca.
“Paṭikaccāyusaṅkhāraṃ, osajjitvāna nibbutiṃ;
gaccheyyaṃ lokanāthena, anuññātā mahesinā.
“Tathā pañcasatānampi, bhikkhunīnaṃ vitakkitaṃ;
āsi khemādikānampi, etadeva vitakkitaṃ.
“Bhūmicālo tadā asi, nāditā devadundubhī;
upassayādhivatthāyo, devatā sokapīḷitā.
“Vilapantā sukaruṇaṃ, tatthassūni pavattayuṃ;
mittā bhikkhuniyo tāhi, upagantvāna gotamiṃ.
“Nipacca sirasā pāde, idaṃ vacanamabravuṃ;
tattha toyalavāsittā, mayamayye rahogatā.
“Sā calā calitā bhūmi, nāditā devadundubhī;
paridevā ca suyyante, kimatthaṃ nūna gotamī.
“Tadā avoca sā sabbaṃ, yathāparivitakkitaṃ;
tāyopi sabbā āhaṃsu, yathāparivitakkitaṃ.
“Yadi te rucitaṃ ayye, nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sivaṃ;
nibbāyissāma sabbāpi, buddhānuññāya subbate.
“Mayaṃ sahāva nikkhantā, gharāpi ca bhavāpi ca;
sahāyeva gamissāma, nibbānaṃ padamuttamaṃ.
“Nibbānāya vajantīnaṃ, kiṃ vakkhāmīti sā vadaṃ;
saha sabbāhi niggañchi, bhikkhunīnilayā tadā.
“Upassaye yādhivatthā, devatā tā khamantu me;
bhikkhunīnilayassedaṃ, pacchimaṃ dassanaṃ mama.
“Na jarā maccu vā yattha, appiyehi samāgamo;
piyehi na viyogotthi, taṃ vajissaṃ asaṅkhataṃ.
“Avītarāgā taṃ sutvā, vacanaṃ sugatorasā;
sokaṭṭā parideviṃsu, aho no appapuññatā.
“Bhikkhunīnilayo suñño, bhūto tāhi vinā ayaṃ;
pabhāte viya tārāyo, na dissanti jinorasā.
“Nibbānaṃ gotamī yāti, satehi saha pañcahi;
nadīsatehiva saha, gaṅgā pañcahi sāgaraṃ.
“Rathiyāya vajantiyo, disvā saddhā upāsikā;
gharā nikkhamma pādesu, nipacca idamabravuṃ.
“Pasīdassu mahābhoge, anāthāyo vihāya no;
tayā na yuttā nibbātuṃ, icchaṭṭā vilapiṃsu tā.
“Tāsaṃ sokapahānatthaṃ, avoca madhuraṃ giraṃ;
ruditena alaṃ puttā, hāsakāloyamajja vo.
“Pariññātaṃ mayā dukkhaṃ, dukkhahetu vivajjito;
nirodho me sacchikato, maggo cāpi subhāvito.
“Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;