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25. Kasãbhàradvàjasuttaü
The Discourse concerning Kasãbhàradvàja

ekaü samayaü Bhagavà Magadhesu viharati
at one time the Auspicious One was dwelling amongst the Magadhans

Dakkhiõàgirismiü Ekanàlàyaü bràhmaõagàme.
on the Southern Hill near the brahmin village Ekanàla.

Tena kho pana samayena Kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa
Then at that time the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja

pa¤camattàni naïgalasatàni payuttàni honti vappakàle.
had about five hundred ploughs yoked up during the sowing season.

Atha kho Bhagavà pubbanhasamayaü nivàsetvà, pattacãvaram-àdàya,
Then the Auspicious One, having dressed in the morning time, after picking up his bowl and robe,

yena Kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa kammanto tenupasaïkami. ¹
approached the place where the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja was working.

Tena kho pana samayena Kasãbhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa
Then at that time the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja's

parivesanà vattati.
food distribution was proceeding.

Atha kho Bhagavà yena parivesanà tenupasaïkami,
Then the Auspicious One approached the food distribution,

upasaïkamitvà ekam-antaü aññhàsi.
and after approaching he stood on one side.

Addasà kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo Bhagavantaü piõóàya ñhitaü,
The brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja saw the Auspicious One standing for alms,

disvàna Bhagavantaü etad-avoca:
and after seeing him he said this to the Auspicious One:

ßAhaü kho samaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca,
ßAscetic, I plough and I sow,

kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhu¤jàmi.
and after ploughing and sowing I eat.

Tvam-pi samaõa kasassu ca vapassu ca,
You also, ascetic, should plough and sow,

kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhu¤jassåû ti.
and after ploughing and sowing you can eat.û

ßAham-pi kho bràhmaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca,
ßBrahmin, I also plough and sow,

kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhu¤jàmãû ti.
and after ploughing and sowing I eat.û

ßNa kho pana mayaü passàma bhoto Gotamassa
ßBut we do not see the reverend Gotama's

yugaü và naïgalaü và phàlaü và pàcanaü và balivadde và.û
yoke or plough or ploughshare or goad or oxen.û

Atha ca pana bhavaü Gotamo evam-àha:
Then the reverend Gotama said this:

ßAham-pi kho bràhmaõa kasàmi ca vapàmi ca,
ßBrahmin, I also plough and sow,

kasitvà ca vapitvà ca bhu¤jàmãû ti.
and after ploughing and sowing I eat.û

 
Atha kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
Then the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja

Bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi:
recited a verse to the Auspicious One:

1.     ßKassako pañijànàsi ~ na ca passàma te kasiü.
ßYou claim that you are a ploughman, ~ but we do not see your ploughing.

        Kasiü no pucchito bråhi ~ yathà jànemu te kasiü.û ²
Please tell us about ploughing when asked ~ so that we may know your ploughing.û

2.     ßSaddhà bãjaü, tapo vuññhi, ~ pa¤¤à me yuganaïgalaü,
ßConfidence the seed, austerity the rain, ~ wisdom is my yoke and plough,

        hiri ãsà, mano yottaü, ~ sati me phàlapàcanaü.
conscience the pole, mind is the strap, ~ mindfulness is my ploughshare and goad.

3.     Kàyagutto, vacãgutto, ~ àhàre udare yato,
With body guarded, speech guarded, ~ and stomach restrained regarding food,

        saccaü karomi niddànaü, ~ soraccaü me pamocanaü.
I make truth the mower, ~ temperance the setting free (of the yoke).

4.     Viriyaü me dhuradhorayhaü, ~ yogakkhemàdhivàhanaü -
Energy my beast of burden, ~ the vehicle yoked to security -

        gacchati anivattantaü ~ yattha gantvà na socati.
without turning back it goes ~ to that place where, having gone, one does not grieve.

5.     Evam-esà kasã kaññhà ~ sà hoti amatapphalà,
Thus this ploughing has been ploughed ~ that produces the fruit of the deathless,

        etaü kasiü kasitvàna ~ sabbadukkhà pamuccatãû ti.
and after ploughing this ploughing ~ one is set free from all suffering.û

Atha kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
Then the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja

mahatiyà kaüsapàtiyà pàyàsaü vaóóhetvà Bhagavato upanàmesi:
having arranged milk-rice in a large bronze bowl presented it to the Auspicious One, saying:

ßBhu¤jatu bhavaü Gotamo pàyàsaü,
ßEat this milk-rice, reverend Gotama,

kassako bhavaü, yaü hi bhavaü Gotamo ³
the reverend one is a ploughman, for the reverend Gotama

amataphalaü kasiü kasatãû ti.
ploughs the ploughing which has the deathless as fruit.û

6.                 ßGàthàbhigãtaü me abhojaneyyaü, ⁴
                ßI will not eat what is gained through chanting verses,

                    sampassataü bràhmaõa nesa Dhammo,
                that is not the Dhamma, brahmin, of those who see,

                    gàthàbhigãtaü panudanti Buddhà,
                Buddhas reject what is gained through chanting verses,

                    Dhamme satã bràhmaõa vutti-r-esà.
                while Dhamma lasts, brahmin, this is their way of life.

7.                 A¤¤ena ca kevalinaü ⁵ mahesiü,
                Another great sage, who is fully adept,

                    khãõàsavaü kukkuccavåpasantaü,
                pollutant-free, at peace regarding worry (about wrong-doing),

                    annena pànena upaññhahassu,
                attend to with food and drink,

                    khettaü hi taü pu¤¤apekhassa hotãû ti.
                for that is the field for those who look for merit.û

ßAtha kassa càhaü bho Gotama imaü pàyàsaü dammã?û ti
ßThen to whom, reverend Gotama, should I give this milk-rice?û

ßNa khvàhaü taü ⁶ bràhmaõa passàmi,
ßI certainly do not see, brahmin,

sadevake loke samàrake sabrahmake,
in the world with its gods, Màra, and Brahma,

sassamaõabràhmaõiyà pajàya sadevamanussàya,
in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, princes and men,

yassa so pàyàso bhutto sammà pariõàmaü gaccheyya,
anyone who, having eaten this milk-rice, could properly digest it,

a¤¤atra Tathàgatassa và Tathàgatasàvakassa và.
except a Realised One or a Realised One's disciple.

Tena hi tvaü bràhmaõa taü pàyàsaü appaharite và chaóóehi,
Therefore, brahmin, cast away that milk-rice where there is but little grass,

appàõake và udake opilàpehãû ti.
or drop it into water which has no breathing creatures.û

Atha kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
Then the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja

taü pàyàsaü appàõake udake opilàpesi.
dropped that milk-rice into water which had no breathing creatures.

Atha kho so pàyàso udake pakkhitto
Then that milk-rice being thrown into water

cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati,
did hiss and sizzle and steam and smoke,

seyyathà pi nàma phàlo divasasantatto udake pakkhitto
just as a ploughshare heated for a day when thrown into water

cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati,
hisses and sizzles and steams and smokes,

evam-eva so pàyàso udake pakkhitto
so that milk-rice being thrown into water

cicciñàyati ciñiciñàyati sandhåpàyati sampadhåpàyati.
did hiss and sizzle and steam and smoke.

Atha kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo, saüviggo, lomahaññhajàto,
Then the brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja, anxious, and horrified,

yena Bhagavà tenupasaïkami,
approached the Auspicious One,

upasaïkamitvà Bhagavato pàdesu sirasà nipatitvà,
and after approaching he fell down placing his head at the Auspicious One's feet,

Bhagavantaü etad-avoca:
and said this to the Auspicious One:

ßAbhikkantaü bho Gotama! Abhikkantaü bho Gotama!
ßExcellent, reverend Gotama! Excellent, reverend Gotama!

Seyyathà pi bho Gotama nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya,
Just as, reverend Gotama, one might set upright what has been overturned,

pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya,
or open up what has been closed, or show a path to one who is lost,

andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya
or bear an oil lamp in the darkness

cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhintã ti,
so that one who has eyes can see forms,

evam-evaü bhotà Gotamena anekapariyàyena Dhammo pakàsito.
just so has the Dhamma been made clear by reverend Gotama in more than one way.

Esàhaü bhavantaü Gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi,
I go to the reverend Gotama for refuge,

Dhamma¤-ca bhikkhusaïgha¤-ca.
and to the Dhamma, and to the Saïgha of monks.

Labheyyàhaü bhoto Gotamassa santike pabbajjaü,
May I receive the going forth in the presence of reverend Gotama,

labheyyaü upasampadanû ti.
may I receive the full ordination.û

Alattha kho Kasãbhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
The brahmin Kasãbhàradvàja received

Bhagavato santike pabbajjaü, alattha upasampadaü.
the going forth in the presence of the Auspicious One, recieved full ordination.

Aciråpasampanno kho panàyasmà Bhàradvàjo,
Then not long after ordination, venerable Bhàradvàja,

eko, våpakaññho, appamatto, àtàpã, pahitatto viharanto,
while dwelling solitary, secluded, heedful, ardent, and resolute,

na cirasseva yassatthàya kulaputtà
after no long time (attained) that good for which young gentlemen

sammad-eva agàrasmà anagàriyaü pabbajanti,
rightly go forth from the house to the houseless life,

tad-anuttaraü brahmacariyapariyosànaü,
that unsurpassed conclusion to the spiritual life,

diññheva dhamme sayaü abhi¤¤à, sacchikatvà, upasampajja vihàsi.
and dwelt having known, experienced, and attained it himself in this very life.

A¤¤ataro ca kho panàyasmà Bhàradvàjo Arahataü ahosã ti.
And venerable Bhàradvàja became another of the Worthy Ones.

 
26. Paràbhavasuttaü
The Discourse on Ruin

ekaü samayaü Bhagavà Sàvatthiyaü viharati
at one time the Auspicious One was dwelling near Sàvatthi

Jetavane Anàthapiõóikassa àràme.
at Anàthapiõóika's grounds in Jeta's Wood.

Atha kho a¤¤atarà devatà abhikkantàya rattiyà,
Then a certain god, at the end of the night,

abhikkantavaõõà kevalakappaü Jetavanaü obhàsetvà,
having lit up the whole of Jeta's Wood with his surpassing beauty,

yena Bhagavà tenupasaïkami,
approached the Auspicious One,

upasaïkamitvà Bhagavantaü abhivàdetvà ekam-antaü aññhàsi.
and after approaching and worshipping the Auspicious One, he stood on one side.

Ekam-antaü ñhità kho sà devatà Bhagavantaü gàthàya ajjhabhàsi:
While standing on one side that god recited a verse to the Auspicious One:

1.     ßParàbhavantaü purisaü ~ mayaü pucchàma Gotamaü -
ßWe ask (reverend) Gotama regarding the man going to ruin -

        Bhagavantaü puññham-àgamma, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
we have come to ask the Auspicious One, ~ what is the cause of ruination?û

2.     ßSuvijàno bhavaü hoti, ~ suvijàno paràbhavo,
ßThe thriving man is easy to know, ~ the ruining man is easy to know,

        Dhammakàmo bhavaü hoti, ~ Dhammadessã paràbhavo.û
the thriving man loves the Dhamma, ~ the ruining man hates the Dhamma.û

3.     ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ pañhamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the first ruin (of man).

        Dutiyaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the second cause of ruin?û

4.     ßAsantassa piyà honti, ~ sante na kurute piyaü,
ßThe bad are dear to him, ~ he does not endear the good,

        asataü Dhammaü roceti, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
he is pleased with the Dhamma of the bad, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

5.     ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ dutiyo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the second ruin (of man).

        Tatiyaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the third cause of ruin?û

  
6.     ßNiddàsãlã sabhàsãlã, ~ anuññhàtà ca yo naro,
ßThat man who is fond of sleep, fond of society, unaroused,

        alaso kodhapa¤¤àõo, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
lazy, and marked by anger, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

7.     ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ tatiyo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the third ruin (of man).

        Catutthaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the fourth cause of ruin?û

8.     ßYo màtaraü và pitaraü và ~ jiõõakaü gatayobbanaü,
ßHe who, when his mother or father ~ has grown old, with their youth gone,

        pahusanto ⁷ na bharati, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
though having much, does not support them, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

9.     ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ catuttho so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the fourth ruin (of man).

        Pa¤camaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the fifth cause of ruin?û

10.   ßYo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, ~ a¤¤aü và pi vaõibbakaü
 ßHe who deceives a brahmin, or an ascetic, or another mendicant

        musàvàdena va¤ceti, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
with words that are false, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

11.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ pa¤camo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the fifth ruin (of man).

        Chaññhamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the sixth cause of ruin?û

12.   ßPahåtavitto puriso, ~ sahira¤¤o sabhojano,
ßThat man who has abundant wealth, ~ who has gold, who has food,

        eko bhu¤jati sàdåni, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
but who eats his sweetmeats alone, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

13.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ chaññhamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the sixth ruin (of man).

        Sattamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the seventh cause of ruin?û

14.   Jàtitthaddho dhanatthaddho, ~ gottatthaddho ca yo naro,
ßThat man who is proud of his birth, his wealth, and his ancestry,

        sa¤-¤àtiü atima¤¤eti, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
and who despises his kinsfolk, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

15.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ sattamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the seventh ruin (of man).

        Aññhamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the eighth cause of ruin?û

16.   ßItthidhutto, suràdhutto, ~ akkhadhutto ca yo naro,
ßThat man who is a womanizer, a drunkard, and a gambler,

        laddhaü laddhaü vinàseti, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
who destroys whatever is gained, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

17.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ aññhamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the eighth ruin (of man).

        Navamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the ninth cause of ruin?û

 18.  ßSehi dàrehi ⁸ 'santuññho, ~ vesiyàsu padissati,
ß(He who is) not satisfied with his own wives, ~ and is seen with prostitutes,

        dissati paradàresu, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
and is seen with other mens' wives, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

 
19.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ navamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the ninth ruin (of man).

        Dasamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the tenth cause of ruin?û

20.   ßAtãtayobbano poso, ~ àneti timbarutthaniü,
ßA man who, being past his youth, ~ brings home a young girl (for his wife), ⁹

        tassà issà na supati, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
and cannot sleep through jealousy, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

21.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ dasamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the tenth ruin (of man).

        Ekàdasamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the eleventh cause of ruin?û

22.   ßItthisoõóiü vikiraõiü, ~ purisaü và pi tàdisaü,
ßA woman given to drink, a spendthrift, ~ or a man of similar sort,

        issariyasmiü ñhàpàpeti, ¹⁰ ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.û
appointing (such a one) as overlord, ~ that is a cause of ruination.û

  
23.   ßIti hetaü vijànàma, ~ ekàdasamo so paràbhavo.
ßIndeed it is so, this we know, ~ this is the eleventh ruin (of man).

        Dvàdasamaü Bhagavà bråhi, ~ kiü paràbhavato mukhaü?û
Please tell us, Auspicious One, what is the twelfth cause of ruin?û

24.   ßAppabhogo mahàtaõho, ~ khattiye jàyate kule,
ßOne who is poor, but has great craving, ~ who is born in a family of nobles,

        so ca ¹¹ rajjaü patthayati, ~ taü paràbhavato mukhaü.
and who wants to be king, ~ that is a cause of ruination.

25.   Ete paràbhave loke ~ paõóito samavekkhiya,
The wise man who reflects on (the cause of) these ruins in the world,

        ariyo dassanasampanno, ~ sa lokaü bhajate sivanû ti.
a noble one, endowed with seeing, ~ partakes of the auspicious world.û

27. Vasalasuttaü ¹²
The Discourse on the Outcastes

ekaü samayaü Bhagavà Sàvatthiyaü viharati
at one time the Auspicious One was dwelling near Sàvatthi

Jetavane Anàthapiõóikassa àràme.
at Anàthapiõóika's grounds in Jeta's Wood.

Atha kho Bhagavà pubbanhasamayaü nivàsetvà,
Then the Auspicious One, having dressed in the morning time,

pattacãvaram-àdàya Sàvatthiyaü piõóàya pàvisi.
after picking up his bowl and robe, entered Sàvatthi for alms.

Tena kho pana samayena Aggikabhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa
Then at that time in the brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja's

nivesane aggi pajjalito hoti àhuti paggahità. ¹³
residence the (sacrificial) fire was burning, and the offering had been taken up.

Atha kho Bhagavà Sàvatthiyaü sapadànaü piõóàya caramàno,
Then, as the Auspicious One was going from house to house for alms in Sàvatthi,

yena Aggikabhàradvàjassa bràhmaõassa nivesanaü tenupasaïkami.
he approached the brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja's residence.

Addasà kho Aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
The brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja saw

Bhagavantaü dårato va ¹⁴ àgacchantaü,
the Auspicious One coming from afar,

disvàna Bhagavantaü etad-avoca:
and having seen him, he said this to the Auspicious One:

ßTatreva muõóaka! Tatreva samaõaka!
ßRight there, shaveling! Right there, little ascetic!

Tatreva vasalaka! Tiññhàhã!ûti.
Right there, outcaste! Halt!û

Evaü vutte Bhagavà Aggikabhàradvàjaü bràhmaõaü etad-avoca:
After this was said, the Auspicious One said this to the brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja:

ßJànàsi pana tvaü bràhmaõa
ßBut do you know, brahmin,

vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhamme?û ti
what an outcaste is, or what things make one an outcaste?û

 
ßNa khvàhaü bho Gotama jànàmi,
ßI certainly do not know, reverend Gotama,

vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhamme.
what an outcaste is, or what things make one an outcaste.

Sàdhu me bhavaü Gotamo tathà Dhammaü desetu
It would be good for me if the reverend Gotama would preach the Dhamma

yathàhaü jàneyyaü vasalaü và vasalakaraõe và dhammeû ti.
so that I may know what an outcaste is, and what things make one an outcaste.û

ßTena hi bràhmaõa suõàhi, sàdhukaü manasikarohi bhàsissàmãû ti.
ßThen listen, brahmin, apply your mind well, and I will speak.û

ßEvaü bho,û ti kho Aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo
ßYes, reverend,û the brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja

Bhagavato paccassosi, Bhagavà etad-avoca:
replied to the Auspicious One, and the Auspicious One said this:

1.     ßKodhano upanàhã ca, ~ pàpamakkhã ca yo naro,
ßThat man who is angry, who has enmity, is bad, and insolent,

        vipannadiññhi màyàvã, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
who has wrong views, and is deceitful, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

2.     Ekajaü và dvijaü và pi ~ yodha pàõàni hiüsati,
Whether once born, or twice born, ~ he who is violent to creatures here,

        yassa pàõe dayà natthi, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
who has no sympathy with creatures, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

3.     Yo hanti parirundhati ~ gàmàni nigamàni ca,
He who beseiges and destroys ~ villages and market towns,

        niggàhako sama¤¤àto, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
who is well known as an oppressor, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

 
4.     Gàme và yadi vàra¤¤e, ~ yaü paresaü mamàyitaü,
 (He who), whether in the village or the wilderness, takes by theft what is not given,

        theyyà adinnaü àdiyati, ¹⁵ ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
those things loved by others, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

5.     Yo have iõam-àdàya, ~ cujjamàno palàyati,
He who has taken on a debt, ~ and when pressed (to pay it) runs away,

        ßNa hi te iõam-atthãû ti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
saying: ßThere is no debt due to you,û ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

6.     Yo ve ki¤cikkhakamyatà, ~ panthasmiü vajataü janaü,
 He who desiring a trifle, after slaying a person going

        hantvà ki¤cikkham-àdeti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
along the path, takes that trifle, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

7.     Yo attahetu parahetu ~ dhanahetu ca yo naro,
That man who, for his own sake, for the sake of others, or for wealth,

        sakkhipuññho musà bråti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
when asked to bear witness, speaks falsely, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

8.     Yo ¤àtãnaü sakhànaü và ~ dàresu patidissati,
He who is seen (misbehaving) with the wives of friends or relatives,

        sahasà sampiyena và, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
whether forcibly, or with consent, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

9.     Yo màtaraü và pitaraü và ~ jiõõakaü gatayobbanaü,
He who, when his mother or father ~ has grown old, with their youth gone,

        pahusanto ¹⁶ na bharati, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
though having much, does not support them, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

10.   Yo màtaraü và pitaraü và, ~ bhàtaraü ¹⁷ bhaginiü sasuü
 He who strikes, or annoys with words, his mother or father,

        hanti roseti vàcàya, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
brother or sister, or mother-in-law, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

11.   Yo atthaü pucchito santo, ~ anattham-anusàsati,
He who, when he is asked what is good, ~ teaches that which is not good,

        pañicchannena manteti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
who conceals things when he gives advice, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

12.   Yo katvà pàpakaü kammaü, ~ ßMà maü ja¤¤àû ti icchati,
He who, having done a bad deed, ~ longs thus: ßMay they not know about me,û

        Yo pañicchannakammanto, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
he who conceals what he is doing, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

13.   Yo ve parakulaü gantvà, ~ bhutvàna sucibhojanaü,
He who, having gone to another's family, ~ and eaten good food,

        àgataü na pañipåjeti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
does not return the honour when (his benefactor) comes, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

14.   Yo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, ~ a¤¤aü và pi vaõibbakaü
 He who deceives a brahmin, or an ascetic, or another mendicant

        musàvàdena va¤ceti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
with words that are false, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

15.   Yo bràhmaõaü và samaõaü và, ~ bhattakàle upaññhite,
 He who annoys with words a brahmin, or an ascetic, when mealtime is at hand,

        roseti vàcà na ca deti, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
and does not give (him food), ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

16.   Asataü yodha pabråti, ~ mohena paëiguõñhito,
He who speaks to those who are bad here, ~ being entangled by delusion,

        ki¤cikkhaü nijigiüsàno, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
(because of) coveting a trifle, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

17.   Yo cattànaü samukkaüse, ~ para¤-ca-m-avajànati,
He who (speaks and) extols himself, ~ and yet despises another,

        nihãno sena mànena, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
who is debased through his own conceit, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

18.   Rosako, kadariyo ca ~ pàpiccho, maccharã, sañho,
(He who) is annoying, stingy, ~ who has bad longings, is selfish, crafty,

        ahiriko, anottàpã, ¹⁸ ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
unconscientious, and shameless, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

19.   Yo Buddhaü paribhàsati, ~ atha và tassa sàvakaü,
He who abuses a Buddha, ~ or else one of his disciples,

        paribbàjaü gahaññhaü và, ~ taü ja¤¤à vasalo iti.
a wanderer, or a householder, ~ he one should know as an outcaste.

 
20.   Yo ve anarahà santo ~ Arahaü pañijànati,
He who, not being a Worthy One ~ claims that he is a Worthy One,

        coro sabrahmake loke, ~ esa kho vasalàdhamo.
is a thief in the world with its brahmas, ~ he is the worst of the outcastes.

        Ete kho vasalà vuttà, ~ mayà vo ye pakàsità.
These, indeed, are said to be outcastes, ~ those whom I have explained to you.

21.   Na jaccà vasalo hoti, ~ na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo,
One is not an outcaste by birth, ~ by birth one is not a brahmin,

        kammanà vasalo hoti ~ kammanà hoti bràhmaõo.
by deeds one becomes an outcaste, ~ one becomes a brahmin by deeds.

22.   Tad-aminà pi jànàtha, ¹⁹ ~ yathà medaü nidassanaü:
You can know it also by this, ~ as I (give you) this example:

        caõóàlaputto Sopàko ~ Màtaïgo iti vissuto.
Sopaka, an untouchable's son, ~ was renowned as Màtaïga.

23.   So yasaü paramaü patto, ~ Màtaïgoyaü sudullabhaü,
This Màtaïga attained the highest repute, which was very hard to obtain,

        àga¤chuü tassupaññhànaü ~ khattiyà bràhmaõà bahå.
and many nobles and brahmins came to attend on him.

24.   So devayànam-àruyha, ~ virajaü so mahàpathaü,
He ascended the way going to the gods, ~ that dust-free great path,

        kàmaràgaü viràjetvà, ~ brahmalokåpago ahu.
and having put away sensual desire, ~ he went to the brahma worlds.

        Na naü jàti nivàresi ~ brahmalokåpapattiyà.
Birth did not prevent him ~ from being reborn in the brahma worlds.

25.   Ajjhàyakakule jàtà, ~ bràhmaõà mantabandhuno,
Brahmins, though born in a family of scholars, and acquainted with the lore,

        te ca pàpesu kammesu ~ abhiõham-upadissare.
are continuously to be seen (doing) deeds that are bad.

26.   Diññheva dhamme gàrayhà ~ samparàye ca duggatiü. ²⁰
Reproachable in this life, ~ in the next life they have an unhappy destiny.

        Na te jàti nivàreti ~ duggaccà garahàya và.
Birth does not prevent ~ reproach or an unhappy destiny.

27.   Na jaccà vasalo hoti, ~ na jaccà hoti bràhmaõo,
One is not an outcaste by birth, ~ by birth one is not a brahmin,

        kammanà vasalo hoti ~ kammanà hoti bràhmaõoû ti.
by deeds one becomes an outcaste, ~ one becomes a brahmin by deeds.û

Evaü vutte Aggikabhàradvàjo bràhmaõo Bhagavantaü etad-avoca:
After this was said, the brahmin Aggikabhàradvàja said this to the Auspicious One:

ßAbhikkantaü bho Gotama! Abhikkantaü bho Gotama!
ßExcellent, reverend Gotama! Excellent, reverend Gotama!

Seyyathà pi bho Gotama nikkujjitaü và ukkujjeyya,
Just as, reverend Gotama, one might set upright what has been overturned,

pañicchannaü và vivareyya, måëhassa và maggaü àcikkheyya,
or open up what has been closed, or show a path to one who is lost,

andhakàre và telapajjotaü dhàreyya
or bear an oil lamp in the darkness

cakkhumanto råpàni dakkhintã ti,
so that one who has eyes can see forms,

 
evam-evaü bhotà Gotamena anekapariyàyena Dhammo pakàsito. ²¹
just so has the Dhamma been made clear by reverend Gotama in more than one way.

Esàhaü bhavantaü ²² Gotamaü saraõaü gacchàmi,
I go to the reverend Gotama for refuge,

Dhamma¤-ca bhikkhusaïgha¤-ca.
and to the Dhamma, and to the Saïgha of monks.

Upàsakaü maü bhavaü Gotamo dhàretu
Please bear it in mind, reverend Gotama, that I am a lay disciple

ajjatagge ²³ pàõupetaü saraõaü gatanû-ti.
who has gone for refuge from today forward for as long as I have the breath of life.û

1 CBhp: omit upasankami, presumably by mistake

2 PPV, PPV2: kasiü ti (sic);

3 PPV2: Gotamo yaü hi bhavaü Gotamo, printer's error.

4 CBhp: abhojanãyaü

5 PPV: kevakãnaü: PPV2: kevalãnaü

6 CBhp: Nakkhvàhaü taü; PPV2: Na khavàhan-taü, printer's error.

7 CBhp, PPV2: pahåsanto

8 CBhp: dàrehya

9 lit: one with breasts like the timbaru fruit, comm: taruõadàrikaü

10 MPP: ñhàpeti; PPV2: ñhapàpeti

11 PPV: sodha

12 PPV: Aggikabhàradvàjasuttaü

13 PPV: paggahãtà

14 PPV: ca

15 CBhp: theyyaü adinnam-àdeti

16 CBhp, PPV2: pahåsanto

17 CBhp: bhataraü

18 PPV2: anottappã

19 MPP, PPV: pi vijànàtha

20 CBhp: duggatã

21 CBhp: pakasati

22 CBhp, PPV2: Bhagavantaü

23 CBhp: ajjagagge, presumably by mistake

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